ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠣᠬᠰᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠯᠭᠡ

FMBK , Fhg]he Owe , Khzeug Kmj]mmev XXVII [hlv XXVI ^w\lwj FHG=HE KME:E Wj^wf rbg`be]wwgbc [bqb] 2007 hg 207 Fhg]he m]kZZlgu PZ]ZZg '\]'gbc rlew] , [we]w^we K.meZf FMBK . FOKK OZeo , '\'je']q , [mjbZ^ , oZebfZ] , hcjZ^ awjw] fhg]he m]kZZlgu ^mg^ PZ]ZZg '\]'gbc rlew] gw]wg Z^be [Zc^Z] . PZ]ZZg'\]'gbc] fhg]he [bq]bcg owewg^ ýaan eb
mjoZg [Z]r rZ\v gZjug oZfl Jimislig owfwwo mmeZg^ am]ZZe` y\ZZ^ alwe 'g^'j k^wj awjw]pkwg , hehg ZfvlZg ^Z]mmekZg , emmg lhe]hcl lZy] lmekZg , pZ\ pZ]ZZg om\pZklZc , pZ]ZZg kZoZelZc '\]'glwc lZZjZe^Z` , lgbc fwj]wg moZZg , kwpwg [beb] , b^ qZ^eu] fw^w` , ]wgbg kZobe ']''^rZ\v gZjlZZ rlw` y\Zo aZjeb] [mme]Z^Z] [beww . PZ]ZZg'\]'gbc kZg lZobe]ug km^ju] hehglZZ km^ZekZg [heh\q fhg]he m]kZZlZg^ meZf`eZg bjkwg ZfZg meZf`eZe , aZg cebc] l'^bce'g km^ZekZg]c . QmoZf bcf mqjZZk wgw m^ZZ [b^ [mjbZ^ ['']bcg zkhg^ [Zc^Z] PZ]ZZg'\]'gbc lZce]Z lZobe]ug zk - qZg^Zjmm gwjwo zkgu lmoZc^ Fhg]heug ohjv [mjbZ^ [''gwj [hehg gZklZg]mm^ug 2 ^mg^ZZk kmj\Ze`bekZg fw^wwg^ g^wkewg ^Z]gZg yjboZZj rbc^\wjew\ . Amgu amj]ZZg kZj^ “omk fh^gu gZ\q ommqbg lZ\Zg f'g]'gbc qbgwwg [heho pZ]l ” [myg [j^w` , bo 'j]'e 'j]'` [he^h] . Omg rm\mm [mpZ` , omk fh^ ]Zg^Z` , [mpZ` [mjmme` [Zc]ZZ pZ]l bo 'j]'e 'j]'^']]c aZgrbelZc . Omg rm\mm [mpZou] “omg rm\mmgu lZkjZel ” ]w` owe^w] [']''^lwg]wj ^mm]ZjZoZZ [hev` , lwg]wjbcg ^ oZZ]^kZg ]w` a^w] . ;mjbZ^ug m]bcg xf gv “omg rm\mmg ]Zj[ZevlZc , omkZg fh^hg kwj]wlwc ” ]w` ZZrbe^Z] 1 Tucci G., Heissig W. Les religions du Tibet et de la Mongolie. Tradiut de l’allemand par R.Sailley. Paris: Payot, 1973, 517 p. [Tucci, Heissig 1973] 2 1994 hgu 10-j kZjug 13-16-g^ hjgh^ Zcf]bcg ;Zyg -Mme kmfug bj]wg , ^Z]ZZgoZg ]Zeamm^ hf]bcg , 66 gZklZc Qhc`beug Pwjwg aZZjbg , hj]h^hc [h^hg]mm^ hf]bcg 78 gZklZc pZ]ZZg a]bcg [''Zrbcg Em\kZg^Z]\Z , f'g kmfug ZoZc^ rZjZc^ hf]bcg , oZg^]Zc fwj]wg mjZZlZc , 68 gZklZc ['' KZf^Zgu =Z\jbce , [Zjmmg omZpZc hf]bcg , 61 gZklZc :xmjug ;ZZlZjph]l , [myg]mm^ khg]hhe hf]bcg 38 gZklZc , pZ]ZZg a]bcg [ZjbZq Eh^hcg Hxmgpwpw] , 1995 hgu 6-j kZjug 11-18-g^ f'g kmfug om^Zgp rZjZc^ hf]bcg m^]Zg , 29 gZklZc m^]Zg @Zf[Zekjwg]bcg ;ZyjfZZ , Q.Pwjwg aZZjbg gZjZZk ]Zj lwf^w]ewe [hehg khjhgahg oZevkZg^ [bqb` Z\Z\. 208 [ZcgZ . :go ljgbc qZg^jmm gwjwow^ _k'g fh^hg ^wj\we]wlwc [Zc^Z] . “wj\we]w ” ]w^w] gv 'j]'ebcg ^ww` ]w]q [he^h] . OmkZg fh^gmm^ gv lZobj]c , rmemmoZg gw]wg f'qbjg''k kZeZZekZg [br [Zco mqbjlZc . “QZg^jmm gwjgw ” ]w^w] gv ;mjoZg ]Zj[Zebcg m]bcg xf lZobo zk , “qZgZj obcgw ” ]w^w] gv oZj lZeug xf lZobo zk Z`ww . ;mjoZg ]Zj[Zev [he[he pZ]ZZg a]bcg , [ZjbZq , lmefZZrbcg lZeug xf [hegh . ;mjbZ^ug pZ]ZZg a]bcg ['' gwjbcg awe l'k''ee''j “[mjoZg ]Zj[Zebcg m] [he[he PZkl pZ]ZZg mmeug kZy pZ]ZZg ^ZyZgq (kZhZlZ kZ]ZZg mmeZcg kZyZ kZ]ZZg ^ZyZgrZ ) hgrlhc ”, PZkl pZ]ZZg mmeZg^ gmjmm]ZZ gZjZg^ rZjZZ^ ow\lw` [Zc^Z] PZ]ZZg'\]'g [bc xf ]wgw . ;mjoZg ]Zj[Zebcg xf ]w^w] gv lwjgwwk o'ee'k'g [ZcgZ . 1 PZkl pZ]ZZg mme gv FZjqbg ;mf[ZjZcg mme ]w` L'\^'^ [Zc^Z] mme [']''^wgw PZkl pZ]ZZg mmeug kZ\^Z] , wgw ^weobcg kZ\^Z]bcg oZZg PZ]ZZg'\]'g lwg^wwk oZjmmkZe` oZjZZqbe` [Zc^Z] . FZZgbcg rb^lwc og gbkq y\ZZ^ oZjZoZ^ gv ohzj bo pZ]ZZg xf gZZr pZZr o'^'e` [ZcoZ^ ^mg^ gv ]Zel ['f['] 'go'jq aw]^kwg ]wgw . PZkl mmeug pZ]ZZg ZjkeZg lh]eh` [ZckZg xf ]wgw lwj mmeZg^ . Fyg]Z ohjbg gZkZg ^wwjww owe]c f'gobcg omlZ] hekhg [']''^ ke^ ]wgbg kZobe Z\ZZ^ “;mjoZg ;mceZZg LmefZZr ” ]wkwg gwj phelhc [hekhg ]w^w] . EZf zkgu “OZrZg =Zf[h =Zj[h ”, “Pwjbg^] ” kZobmk ]w^w] . Bo lhf oeow]wj ^wwelwc , km]Zg^ gv xm q [Z]lZoZZj mm`bf oZgpmclZc , Lwjgbcoww [Zjmmg oZgpmc] kw]kjwow^ [Zyj [we]bc] ']^'], ag oZgpmc]ZZ kw]kjwow^ a']bcg fZgZg , lhhk lZlmme^Z] (lhhk rb] hehg a']bc ]Zj^Z] ), pZ]ZZg kZoeZZ kw]kjwow^ we^\bcg rw`b ]Zj^Z] , mmj gv oj\we owglw] gv lZkZj^Z]]c , ]w^wk gv 'ek\'e xm oZfZZ]c b^^w] , ogbc fZo q b^^w] lbcf ^h]rbg ]wgw . =Zgp pZ]ZZg gww]ww mmjZg^ZZ Ze` b^ww^ , rbjwwj gv ^w\k]wj obcqbokwg . Bcf^ ^mm^eZ]Zg^ gv “yjb] pZ]ZZg gwwgbc ZjvkZg ^wwj [mm^ZelZc ” ]w` ^mm^^Z] [ZcgZ . FZjqbg ;mf[ZjZcg mmeZg^ ]mj\Zg `be^ gw] bo gmlZ] gml]bcg kZ\^Z]bcg qmme]Zg [he^h] xf ]wgw . Lwj qmme]Zg ^wwj wgw `be^ lZgZc gml]bcg ahghhk l'^bc ohgv , l'^bc owj Z\gZ ]w` lh]lhh` [Zc^Z] ]wgw . FZeu] [he pwpw] , fbeZg , ]h^jhg , ohjobjhh , ]h\jmm , k'^j'] , yf , pZ]ZZg [mjoZgZZj Z\ZZqb` [Zc^Z] , ogbc] [he meZZg [mjoZg , oZj gjww , oZemmg ob`]wwj Z\ZZqb` [Zc^Z] ]wgw . FZgZc Fhg]he hjhg^ Hl]hglwg]wjwwj ^Zf`b` bj` [mpZ` [Zc^Z] ]wgw . Lw]` lhh] gv lh]lhhkhg fZeZZ Z\ZoZZjbjwo^ww FyeaZg]bcg wawg pZ]ZZg '\]'gbc ^j [Zjv` bj^w] ]wgw . Gw] og gw] `be owj mgZkZg , oZfjugoZZ ^hhj ohgohjohc ]c pZ]ZZg '\]'glwc ^ZcjZe^kZg ]wgw . Lw]ww^ “wgwgbc] oZjZ]lbc ” ]ww^ fZe]ZcgoZZ ^hlhj lZeu] oZjmmekZg , fZe]Zc ^hlhj gv ^jwg owj [Zc` ]wgw . “Xmg^ gbc] aew\ lZ” ]wkwg qbgv “wgw `be [b w^]wwj ojbc] Z\ZZqbo ]w` [ZcgZ , qb owjlww “^Zj]Zc [ZZlZj”, lm]Ze^ZZ “O'o Pwg^ ” ]w` gwj ']\'e yZo q ]c ” ]wkwg ]wgw . Lwj `be^ gv gmlZ]l gv ojbcg fyeaZg '\qbg ]ZjZZ^ og ahgu owj bowwj ow` jw]^ww^ [ZcoZ^ ]ZgpoZg lwj Zceug owj gw] q oww]c ]w^w] . Lmefugo gv Zf ['o [Zc` ^ww . 2 QmoZf bcf mqjZZk “ojbcg jwk ]Zj]Zo zkhg hjrb\hc ” owfwwo km^Zjl “qayinu , sarlu , baliyam
Zyg -Mme kmfug bj]wg , hj]h^hc [h^hg]mm^ hf]bcg 78 gZklZc pZ]ZZg a]bcg [''Zrbcg Em\kZg^Z]\Z ]mZc]ZZk ;Zyg -Mme kmfug l'\^ lwf^w]ew` Z\Z\. 2 1995 hgu 6-j kZjug 15-g^ hjgh^ Zcf]bcg ;Zyg -Mme kmfug bj]wg , ^Z]ZZgoZg ]Zeamm^ hf]bcg , 66 gZklZc Qhc`beug Pwjwg aZZjbg]ZZk “OZjobjZZ ” owfwwo ]ZaZj lwf^w]ew` Z\Z\. 3 Rintchen B. Les matriaux pour l’tude du chamanisme mongol. I.Sources litteraires, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1959, 124 p. [Asiatische Forschungen, Band 3] [Rintchen I, 1959] 209 ;mjoZgu ghf^ hjhh]c ]w^w] [heh\q rZ`bg fmm^Zo pZ]l qb e oZfZ] Zfvlgu] oZj` y\ZZjZc owfwwg ;mjoZg [Z]r lg^ ^ZZe]Zg Zce^kZg ]w^w] . wwj _^ f'g gj'' '\qgbc] ghfohl]h` [ZckZg ]w^w] . ;mjoZg ]Zj[Zev [hehh^ bjwo^ww emmlZc pZ]ZZg [Zy] lmeZZ^ , oZj eglwg wjbo [ZjbZ^ bj^w] , ^hehhg gZcfZg oow^lwc , O'o '\]'g [hehh^ pZf^ hj` bjkwg [ZcgZ . ;mjoZg ]Zj[Zebcg xfu] ^mm^Zo^ZZ : RZjZc ]hehcg ohcfhj RZg^Zg [meZ]Zc wobgwc RZg^Zjmm kZ]ZZg hfbc_ Rwjwwe^w`w [mm hZg RZgbcroZgZc o[g ;mjoZg ;mceZZg lj]wg lmefZZrZ OZ`Zj oZjZ [mmju_ OZobgmmeZ`Z [mmgZ[ ;hlh]hlhc lwfww_ ;mcemmeZ`Z [mmgZ[ LZceZ] kZ]ZZg lwfww_ LZ[Z]eZ`Z [mmgZ[ :elZg ^m]ZZ Zf`Z`Z [mmgZ[ Fg]wg ^m]ZZ Frow`w [mmgZ[ ]woqewg hj^h] [ZcgZ . A'g [beb] , a^ rbg`wwq , ;mjoZg ;mceZZg lmefZZrZ PZ]ZZg '\]'gbc rb^wwj om\bekZg ]w^w] . ;mo [hehh^ om\beZoZ^ gv ]Ze ghp^h] ]wep^w] , xfZg^ oZZ]^Zo]c wl]ww^ ]wgw . ;mjoZg ]Zj[Zebcg `bgowgw lZjob gv PZ]ZZg'\]'g lwj ohzj f'g [']''^ lwj ohzjhhk kZe[ZjeZZ^ [ZjbZqbcg m] [ZjbgZ ]wgw . mceZZg Lj]wg LmefZZrZ hjhc^hhg lmk^ZZg xf [heh\q lZ]gZe [he]h` , oZjlZc]ZZ oZ\kZjq y\^Z] . Bcf^ [mjbZ^ [''gwj oZf]ZZk ljg ;mjoZg ]Zj[ZebZ , ^ZjZZ gv oZjug xfZZ ^mm^gZ . Lw]wo]c [he ;mjoZg ]Zj[Zeb gv oZjug xfZZ oZZqboZZ^ [Zc^Z] qZ^ZelZc w^ ]weww . ;Zk ^Zg oZjug xfZZj ]heehh^ ohe y\Zo]c , mjl m^ZZg gZkZe^Z]]c , hg]h^ gv bjwoww [Zc` hjob^h] ]wep^w] . Lbcf mqjZZk rZg^Zjmm gwjwowwj woeww^ , owo ZfbZ Z\jmme` [Zc]ZZ^ kewwj gv og ZfvlZg^ lmkeZo qZ^Ze kmm` [Zc]ZZmoZZglZc xf . ?j gv ''jk^bcg l'j'e , `hj lZ\beZg]ZZk ]Z^mmj ]br]wo]c ]w` a^w] . ?k'g qZg^Zjmm ojlwe y\` [Zc` qZ^Ze oq gv [j^wgw , “_k'g qZg^Zjmm gwjkgww owepwgw ” ]w` a^w] . OZjbg qZgZj (rZgZj ) [he Zj\Zg ohzj , Zj\Zg ]mjZ\ ojlwe obc^w] . M]lZZ ]mj\Zg `be [hehh^ gw] obc^w] ghflhc , ^wwj ^wwjwwk gv obco gZkZg^ ]wflwc ]w` owe^w] . ;mjoZg ]Zj[Zebcg xf rbgbcg gZcfZg , Zj\Zg lZ\Zg , ]mqbg ^cpwg '^'j e kZcg 'eabclwc , [lwf`lwc [Zc^Z] [he oZj lZeug xfu] _k'g , Zj\Zg _k'g , ohjbg _k'g^ aZe[bjq _k'e^'] [heho 4 . “QZg^Zjmm gwjgw ” (RZg^Zjmmg gwjwow ) ]w^w] gv Zj\Zg ]mj\Zg omk fh^u] mmeug rh\]hj hjhc] [br , mmeug hgv qb]eewg ^ ]Zj]Z` , ]wj rb] ^m]mceZg ahh^h] . Lwj gv “wk]bc ]wj ” (hw_b ]wj ) ]w]q [heho . Lbcf [hehohhj ]wjbcg oZgZg ^mg^mmj owg q y\Zo zk]c . “Wk]bc ]wjl ” qZg^Zjmm gwjew]q , lwjgbc “ZZ\”, “ww` ” [heh]kh^ , ohzj lZgoqbgZZk ''j og hjho ]ZjZo ghf]c . Ke^ gv ohgv l'o''j'o gw] e og hj^h] . OZZe]Zgu ohzj 4 1994 hgu 10-j kZjug 16-g^ hjgh^ Zcf]bcg ;Zyg -Mme kmfug bj]wg , hj]h^hc [h^hg]mm^ hf]bcg 78 gZklZc pZ]ZZg a]bcg [''Zrbcg Em\kZg^Z]\Z ]mZc]ZZk ;Zyg -Mme kmfug l'\^ lwf^w]ew` Z\Z\. 210 fh^ghhk mjZ]r ohzj ZeoZf aZclZc “wo ”, “wpw] ” ohzj fh^u] ahh^h] . “Wo ”, “wpw] ” fh^ghhk mjZ]r , ohzj _ ]mjZ\ ]mj\Zg ^wj\we]w fh^u] ahhkhg [Zc^Z] . “Wk]bc ]wjwwk ” [Zjmmg ohcl lZe^ lZobeug fZcoZg [Zco xf . LZobeug fZcoZgZZk [Zjmmg mj^ lZe^ g^wk gZ\qlZc lhf fh^u] ahhkhg [Zc^Z] . QZg^Zjmm gwjw]q fZcogZZkZZ ]