ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠣᠮᠤᠭ

FMBK , Fhg]he Owe , Khzeug Kmj]mmev XXVII [hlv XXX ^w\lwj FHG=HE KME:E Wj^wf rbg`be]wwgbc [bqb] 2007 hg 247 O''fwcg kebcg lZeZZjob aZjbf ^hfgmm^u] kmj\Ze`be\ZZk . E.Owjewg FMBK . FOKK :ab lb\bcg l'\^ hjrbo fhg]he owfwwo m]kZZlZg oZg]Zc , ]h\v ohkhekhg ]ZaZj gmlZ]lZZ ahobpkhg fZe fZeeZo , Zg Z]gmmj wjoewo Zfv^jZeug ow\rebc] lh]lhh` lwj gml]bcgoZZ [Zc]Zebc] [brjwg rlw` bjkwg 'g' wjlgbc lolwc . G^ebcg fZe Zomc wjoewg `bebcg ^'j\'g mebjZe^ g^weewg Z` l'j` bjkwg fhg]heqmm^ [mkZ^ Zj^ lfgbc khze mjeZ]ZZk Z` l'j'o zk , g^wkgbc m]kZZ ]Zj\Ze , aZg aZgrbe , kwl]we ac , [Zc]Zev ]ZaZj acg hjqbg , pZ] mmjug hgpeh]hhjhh ''jbcg '\'jf'p khze , mjeZ]bc] [jwe^e` qZ^ZkgZZjZZ ye]Z]^^Z] . Zc]Zebcg ]hh kZcogu] bewjobcewo ]he Zj]Z gv fZ]lZo Z]mme]Z [ZckZg [hehohhj ZfZg ahobheug fZ]lZZe _j''e gv [Zc]Zebcg ]hh kZcoZgu] bewjobcewo ]he l'j'e [he`ww . ︖ j''e fZ]lZZeug Zy Zye]mmg^ mmeug hjhcg kZeob rmmj]Zgu bk]wjwwg , '\k mj]ZfZeug Zc]Zg rmm]bo qbfww] kZgZ]^mmekZg ^jkewe [Zc^Z] . Bcf Zye]mm] oZjmmekZg ^jkewebc] “Mmeug hjhcg o''fwc ” q ]w` gwjewo zk [Zc^Z] [']''^ bcfwjo ^jkewe [obc Zye]mm] [b^ yfZj q fZ]lZZe , _j''e''k he` khgkh` [heho [beww . ︔ Zc]Zebcg ]hh kZcogu] [h^bl [Zc^eZZj bewjobcewow^ ^jkew] amjZ]eZeZZj ]Zj]Zo qmoZe owe[wjbcg gw] gv Zj^ug ZfZg ahobhe lwj ^mg^ZZ e]wj , ^hfh] , lmmev , _j''e fZ]lZZe mqjZZk [Zc]Zebcg ]hh kZcogu] '\'jf'p owe[wjwwj fhg]heqmm^ oZjvpmmeZg ae` bj`ww . Ogbc hxmg moZZg [jwe^w` lgbc ^ZjZZ ^ZjZZ]bcg _^ww ofkbcg moZfkZjl [mmkZg lmk]Zeu] Zfv^jZeug kmj]Zf` [he]hg ^Zf`mmeZoug lme^ ]he ce y\^emm^u] lh]lhho gv aZcer]c [hekhg . ︔ hekhg ce y\^emm^ug lmoZc ZfZZj ^Zf`mmeZo y\^Ze gv ^hfh] [hekhg [ZcgZ . Lw]\we o''fwcg kebcg lZeZZj yjb]^^Z] ^hfh]mm^ gv [Zc]ZevlZc ohe[hhlhc [Zc]ZZ gv Z`b]eZ]^^Z] . Wgw lZeZZj he` khgkkhg , pm]emmekZg ^hf]mm^ZZk ']e[we : “Gw]wg rbebcg kZcg wj gmlZ] gmlZ] ^Zf`bg o'']^'g lwgqew` y\ZZ^ gml]bcg gw] oowg^ kwl]we Ze^Zjqww . Lw]ww^ lwj oowglwc mmeaZg mqjZo , ohe[hhlhc [hekghhj lwj gml]ZZk kwl]wel oowg^ww ohj]h^hg gml]bcg gw]wg mmeZg^ [']'g Zfv^jZo [he`ww . Lwj ohzjug mmea^Z] ]ZaZjl oZ\pZe [Zco [Z oZ\peug pZZogZ gv kwl]wel oowg gv gmlZ]eZ^Z] 248 [Zc`ww . Gw] '^'j aZemm kwl]wel oogww oeww` kmmo^ZZ ]ZajZZk '\k ame]ZZg Z\q ewwlwe ''j''k gv gw] khgbg Z\bZ ]Zjqww . Wgw gv o''fwcg oZj]bZ , objowjww fwl khgbg ^mm [ZckZg [ZcgZ . =wlwe oZ\pZe ^mg^mmjZZ oZ]Z kwjq , mk mjkZg ]Zjq bj`ww . Lwj ]heug ojojwel , ^mm]ZjZel gv aZemm]bcg ]Zj]ZkZg ^mm Z\bZ [heho objowjww , oZj]bZ fwl khgbg kZcoZg qbfwwlwc [ZckZg ]wgw . Bcgo [Zc]Zebcg lwjo Z\bZ, aZemm]bcg ]Zj]ZkZg ^mm Z\bZgZZk o''fwc kkwg .” 1 ]w^w] . Wgw gv og [Zc]Zev ohzj [b_ [b_gww ^mmjbZg yfZj\ZZ ^mm qbfww] k]wkgwwj o''fwcg kebc] [bc [he]hkhg ]w^w] gw]wg ^hfh] xf . Wgw ^hf]bc] o''fwcg kwelwc g']'' lZeZZj fhg]heqmm^ug oZe , eww\wj o']`bf [heho pmmj o']`fbcg kwelwc q ohe[h^h] . O''fwcg kebcg lmoZc ZjZc ''j gbclew] gw]wg ^hfh]l : Gw]wg rbebcg kZcg wj gml]ZZk gmlZ] ^Zf`bg hj]h` y\Zo^ZZ gw]wg ]heug ^wj]w^ kmmg mjv^Zo Zfv^jZeZZ wjw]pewg kmm` [Zc`ww . Lbcgo kmmo^ZZ ]heug ojojwwgbc khgbg kZcoZg qbfww] khgkhg ^mmjbZg ^mm]ZjkZZj gw]wg Z\bZ] ]Zj]ZkgZZj o''fwc kkwg ” ]w^w] ^hfh] [bc . glwc [Zk gw]wg Z^be ^hf]bc] Oh\^ Zcf]bcg LZjbZl kmfug oZjtyZl O''fwcq GZgaZ^ ']ewo^ww : “ Gw]wg rbebcg kZcg wj gmlZ] , gmlZ] ^Zf`bg oZjmmemm^ZZk am]lZg Zfv fmeljZg gw]wg ]heug ^wj]w^ bj` Zfkobco ammjZZ lwjo ]heug mkgu ojojwg mjkZo ^mm] ^mmjbZg Z^be ^mm]ZjZo ]w` ewwkwj [Zc]ZZ^ o''fwce` kmjkgZZj o''fwc kkwg ” ]wkwg [beww . hf]mm^ _j'gobc^ww gw]wg kZcg wjbcg lmoZc f'g lwjo wj Zgo o''fwc] k]wo^ww [Zc]Zebcg ^mm qbfww lwj ^mg^ZZ ]heug mjk]Ze qbfww , ojojwebc] ^mmjbZg ^mm]ZjkgZZj o''fwc kkwg lmoZc ']ekwg gv og [Zc]Zev hjqbglhc moZfkZjlZc oZjbepZ` wowekwg oZjbepZZgu j ^g , og [Zc]Zebcg ]hh kZcogu] moZZjkZg moZZjZe lgbc bewjobcewe gv ohhehcg wjolwg]wwj ce^w]^wo ^mm Z\bZ [ZckZg [Z lgbc ^ww^ owe[wj gv o''fwc , o''fwcg mjeZ] kwe , o']`ebcg woewebc] lbcgo ^hfh]hhj bewjobcewg ]Zj]ZkZg ]w` owe` [heho lZelZc . wwjo ^hfh]lhc gw]wg Z^be dZaZd Zj^ lfgbc ^mg^ yjb]^^Z] gw]wg ^hfh]l : “:elZc oZZgu bo ]g` AZckZg gmmjl kwl]welwc [he`ww . AZckZg gmmj lgbc] lhhkhg]c^ ]g` bow^ mmjkZg ZZ\ZZkZZlZ\Zg kZeZZ ]he ]mc` Z\ZZ^OZj bj\wk gwjlwc [he` AZckZg gmmju] ^Zcjq gw\lewg ]Zjq y\kZg ^hfh]lhc ]wgw . Wgwo ]heug rbjg mjk]Zeu] ^mmjbZg :elZc^ [Zc^Z] Bc\wg ]he mjkZo [hekhg ]w^w] . Lwjo ]heug mjk]Zeug ^mm qbfww] ^mmjbZg o''fwc kwg ]wo [Z :elZcg oZ\v hcjug Zj^ lfwg o''fwc kmjq ^we]wjewo [hekhg ]wo ^hfh] [bc . Og [Zc]Zebcg khgbg kZcoZg ^mm Z\bZ] ^mmjbZ` gw]wgl [heh\khjkhg ']ewocg wjolwg] Zrb]eZg o']`fbcg wo kmj\Ze`bc] k]wg o']`ekwg gv 'g''^'j fhg]heqmm^ug ^mg^ '\e']^'g meZf`be` mjeZ]bcg gw]wg khgbg l'j'e [hehg o']`b` o''fwcg mjeZ]bc] [bc [he]hkhg [hehelhc . wwjob o''fwcg ^hf]mm^lZc ohe[h]^hg ]Zjq [Zc]ZZ ]he , mku] Bc\wg ︵Ww\wg q ]w` gwjewkwg [Zc^Z]︶ ]w^w] gwjlwc [ZckZg ]w` km^eZZqb^ , o''fwcqb^ yjv^Z] l'^bc]c wgwo ]he qmoZf h^hh oZZgZ [Zc^Z] , oZZ]mmj mjk^Z] lZeZZj yga [jbcg lZZfZ]eZemm^u] ^w\rewg lZ\vkZg [ZcgZ . LmoZce[Ze : @ . ︔ Z^jZZ ]mZcg lwf^w]ewe^ : “Bc\wg ]heu] aZjbf og LZ]gug mmeZg^ [bc ]w^w] , aZjbf gv :elZcg mmeZg^ [bc ]w^w] . Bc\wg ]w^w] ]he oZZgZ q [Zc` [heho [heh\q o''fwclwc ohe[h]^helhc . Bc\wg ]he qmoZfo O'\k]'e Zcf]bcg MeZZg -Mme , Jbgqbgeof[w kmfug gmlZ] , we]wj f'j'g , O']bcg ]heug wo oZ\bZj [Zc` lZZjfZZj [ZcgZ . Mqbj gv Bc\wg ]w` fhg]hehhj ^mm^^Z] gwj [he LZ]gZ mjbZgoZcg owewwj “b\bgbg ”-[m]ug ]wkwg ] xf . LZ]gug gmjmmgu ag aj [heho MeZZg lZc]ug ZjZZk wo 1 hf]bc] Oh\^ Zcf]bcg mml kmfug bj]wg , L'jbcg rZ]gZel , lmmevq ︔ . :\bjfw^wwk 1980-ZZ^ hg^ o''fwcq , [Z]r ︔ . H^kjwg khgkh` [Zckgu] 2005:10:14 –g^ [bqb` Z\Z\. 249 Z\q MeZZg -Mme , Jbgqbgeof[bcg gml]ZZj _jww^ dbehf_lj mjkZg Rbr]w^ ]he^ pml]Z^Z] O']bcg ]he ]w` [bc . Lgbc ag ]ZjZZk B\bl ]w` gZjbcg ]he pml]Z^Z] gv f'g [m]Zl ]wkwg gwj xf . B\bl , B\bcg ]he , B\bgbg ]he ]wkwg gwjlwc , yga [jbcg o'] w]rb] ^mmjvk]Zo bo , [Z]Z ojowjww [hj]bh , oZj]bZ , ^Zj]bZlZc ]he wgw oZ\bcg gmlZ]l [ZckZg [mxm [Zc` [heho , [Zc` [Zc]ZZ gv bel [ZcgZ . O']bcg ]he q b\bcg [mxm b\bgbg Bc\wg ]he ]wkwg gwjlwc [ZckZg [Zc` [heho mqbjlZc gwj [ZcgZ . O''fwc q wgw oZ\bZk ]ZjZelZc [Zc` [heho gv O'\k]'e Zcf]bcg pZZlZg , mjbZgoZcqmm^ug [ZjZ] wjw]lwc og [j o''fwce^']''j [ZllZc [ZcgZ . F'g LZ]gug mjbZgoZcqmm^ , Ydml gZj q o''fwc kZcg fw^^w] .” 1 ]w`ww . OZjbg o''fwcq GZgaZ^ Bc\wg ]heug lmoZc ']ewo^ww : “︔ Zyg -Zyg -h]^ Hqbj\ZZgv mmeZg^ y^mm Zfv^jZelZc Zgqbg Zg Z\obc^w] [ZckZg [Z gw] '^'j Zg^ y\ZZ^ yfZj q hea hfh]]c ow^wg '^jbc] 'g]'j''`ww . Lw]ww^ ZfZjkobcg gw]wg mmeug ohrmmg^ gmmj emm oZjZZ^ kmm` [ZcoZ^ gv gmmjgZZk hehg ygaug rm\mm , Zg Zfvlgu ^mm ]Zjq [Zc`ww . Wj]wg lhcjgu] Z`bg kmmo ammjZZ ]ZjZZ ]ZaZjl lmeoZ^ gv gw]wg lhf pZ]ZZg qmemm ]Zjl gv Zl]Z]^ZoZ^ gv oZj\Ze lwj gv omg^Z]Z rb] owe[wjlwc oZjZ]^Z`^ww . :gqbg phqbg kZg^jZo^ZZ “︖ w hqbj\ZZgv fbgv ” ]ww^ gmmj emm g']'' omg^Z]Zg owe[wjlwc qmemm]ZZ 'j]'qbo`ww . =wlwe gmmjgZZk yga [jbcg khgbg ^mm ]Zjq [Zk ''j''k gv ojlwe khgbg w]rb] Z\bZ, ^mm ]Zjqww . Lw]lwe gmmjug ^wj]w^wwk o']rbg [m]Z ]Zjq bjow^ gv Zgqbg lgbc] “:g]bcg hea oZg]Zc ^weobc gZ^Z^ oZcjeZeZZ ” ]ww^ obrb] [he]hg Z\qww . Lwj ogwwk ]ZjkZg ^mm Z\bZ gv [m]Z ^mm^kZg [m]ug mjZflZc q Z^be xfrb] , o''fwcg w]rb] Z\bZlZc q l'klwc [ZckZg ]wo [Z bg]w` o''fwc kkwg . F'g gwwk ohcr gml]bcg Zj^ oZcjoZgZZ omg^Z]ZZj lZobe]Z lZob` , 'j]'e 'j]'o [hekhg ]w^w] .” ^hfh] [bc .” 1 ︔ h]^ Hqbj\ZZgv Hl]hglwg]wj oZcjoZgu] wjl ^wwj _wk lZc` lZob` bjkwg lowg meZf`eZe l'jbcg bo lZobe]Z zkeheug owe[wjl h^hh ojlwe meZf`eZg e^kwg . Hl]hglwg]wjbc] wj^wflw^ hlhg , hloZg [mxm “]Zeug oZZg , ]hehfl kZob]q ” f'g fhg]he owegbc wjlgbc ]bcg kZg^ “wl]wg ” [mxm “Zgogu wo ]ZaZj ” owfwwg lZce[ZjeZ^Z] . AZf[Z lb\^ ]ZeZ\ kheb]^h` ^Zobg Zfv^jZe [bc [hehoh^ ^weobc] [jokwg bo mkgZZk Zgogu ommjZc ]ZaZj [he` pmomckZg 'g^'je'] [he “wl]wg ” [mxm Zgogu wo ]ZaZj Hl]hglwg]wj [Zc` [heho lZelZc q ]wkwg lZce[Zj [Zk [bc . Hl]hglwg]wjbcg mj^ lZe^ ZjrZZglZc gw]wg kZcoZg gmmj [Zc^Z] lgbc] ︔ Z^Zjomg^Z]Z ]w^w] [']''^ woeww^ gmmjZg^ lZobe]Z 'j]''^ ^ZjZZ h\hh] lZob^Z] meZf`eZelZc [Z mjv^ wgwo gmmjl 50 eZg]bcg _f[]wwj 'j]'e 'j]'^'] [ZckZg lolwc . 1 @ . ︔ Z^jZZ “Fhg]he Zj^ug o']`bf .,M︔ .,1998.,46 lZe , 1 Wgwo ^hf]bc] 1960-ZZ^ hgu _^ f'g ︔ . H^kjwg [Z]r AZ\oZg Zcf]bc