生物选择性必修一 ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ᠄ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ᠄ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ

ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ᠌᠄ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ᠄ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ,ᠰᠡᠳᠤᠯᠳᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠵᠤ᠂ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠤᠯᠳᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ,,ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ᠎ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ,ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠳ᠋ᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳ᠋ᠤᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ,ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠤᠮᠵᠢ,,,ᠲᠠᠢᠪᠤᠩ ᠦᠶᠠᠰ,ᠲᠤᠬᠢᠷᠠᠮᠵᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠬᠥᠷᠳᠡᠬᠦ,ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠫᠤᠲ᠋ᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ,,,ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠤᠯᠳᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠤ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠡᠢᠮᠤᠷᠬᠦᠦ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃,ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠵᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠯᠳᠡ---- Na+- K+ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠬᠥᠷᠭᠡ,,ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠂ ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ᠎ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ,,,ᠡᠰ᠎ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠫᠤᠲ᠋ᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ: ᠭᠠᠳ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎᠎ᠠ + ᠳᠤᠳ᠋ᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ │,ᠲᠠᠢᠪᠤᠩ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ:,ᠡᠰ᠎ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯ ᠭᠣᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ K+ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ᠎ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠤ᠂ K+ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ (ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠳᠦ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠ),ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠫᠤᠲ᠋ᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ,,ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠂ ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ᠎ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ,,ᠡᠰ᠎ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠫᠤᠲ᠋ᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ: ᠭᠠᠳ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎᠎ᠠ │ ᠳᠤᠳ᠋ᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ +,ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠤᠯᠳᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ :,ᠡᠰ᠎ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯ ᠭᠣᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ Na+ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ᠎ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠤ᠂ Na+ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠭᠰᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ (ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠳᠦ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠ),,ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠂ ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ᠎ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ,ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠫᠤᠲ᠋ᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ:,ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠫᠤᠲ᠋ᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ:,ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠤᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ᠄ ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠤᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯ᠄ ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠤᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ᠄,ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ,ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠫᠤᠲ᠋ᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ→ ᠰᠡᠳᠤᠯᠳᠡ ᠬᠥᠷᠳᠡᠬᠦ → ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠦᠯ ᠫᠤᠲ᠋ᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ→ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠫᠤᠲ᠋ᠸᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠦ᠋ᠷᠢᠶ᠎᠎ᠠ → ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠᠯᠡᠭᠳ᠋ᠡᠯ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠶᠤᠳ᠋ᠠᠯ,ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠫᠤᠲ᠋ᠸᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠦ᠋ᠷᠢᠶ᠎᠎ᠠ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠯᠳᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ,ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠂ ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ᠎ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ,,-,+,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,适宜刺激,,ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠤᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯ᠄,ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ᠎ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃,ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠂ ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ᠎ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ,a ᠴᠡᠭ᠄ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠫᠤᠲ᠋ᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ (K+ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ) b ᠴᠡᠭ᠄ 0 ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠫᠤᠲ᠋ᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ bc ᠴᠡᠭ᠄ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠦᠯ ᠫᠤᠲ᠋ᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ (Na+ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠭᠰᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ) c ᠴᠡᠭ᠄ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠦᠯ ᠫᠤᠲ᠋ᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠯ cd ᠴᠡᠭ᠄ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠫᠤᠲ᠋ᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ (K+ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ) de ᠴᠡᠭ᠄ Na+- K+ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠬᠥᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠫᠤᠲ᠋ᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ,ᠰᠡᠳᠤᠯᠳᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠵᠤ᠂ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠤᠯᠳᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ,,ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ᠎ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ,ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠳ᠋ᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳ᠋ᠤᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ,,ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠳ᠋ᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳ᠋ᠤᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ,1.ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠴᠡᠭᠦᠷ,ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠴᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ᠌ ᠴᠦ᠋ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠭᠦᠤ,ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢ,ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠴᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ᠌ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ,,ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠭᠴᠢ,ᠢᠶᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠠᠮ,ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ,ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠴᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠯ,A᠄ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠰᠡᠷᠳᠡᠩ--- ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ B᠄ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠰᠡᠷᠳᠡᠩ--- ᠮᠥᠴᠢᠷ ᠰᠡᠷᠳᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ C᠄ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠰᠡᠷᠳᠡᠩ--- ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠰᠡᠷᠳᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠰᠡᠷᠳᠡᠩ--- ᠪᠤᠯᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠰᠡᠷᠳᠡᠩ--- ᠪᠤᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ,2. ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢ,ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢ,Na+ᠨᠠᠪᠳᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠫᠤᠲ᠋ᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ,CI-ᠨᠠᠪᠳᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠫᠤᠲ᠋ᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠳᠤᠯᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃,ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠷᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃,① ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠤᠯᠳᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠴᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ᠌ ᠴᠥᠪᠦᠷᠢᠭᠦᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ (ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ),② ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠴᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠴᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠰᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃,③ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠠᠢᠯᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ (ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠮᠢᠴᠡ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷᠳᠦ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ),④ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠴᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠰᠦ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠢᠶᠣᠨ ᠨᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠫᠤᠲ᠋ᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃,⑤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠡᠭᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃,,,ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠬᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ,ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠬᠢ,,,ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠬᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ,ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠳ᠋ᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳ᠋ᠤᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃,3.ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠳ᠋ᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳ᠋ᠤᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ,ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ᠎ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ,ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠳ᠋ᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳ᠋ᠤᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ,ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ,ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ,ᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠄ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠴᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃,,,,,a点： 两次方向相反的偏转,c点： 不发生偏转,b点： 两次方向相反的偏转,c点： 只发生一次偏转,ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠣᠣᠷ ᠲᠠᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠣᠷ ᠬᠥᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ,ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠤᠤᠷᠳᠦ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠴᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃,2008 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ 《 ᠪᠥᠬᠥᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ 》 ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠩᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡ ᠃ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠂ ᠬᠣᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠥᠬᠥ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠶ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠠᠶ ᠃ ᠬᠣᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠬᠣᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠣᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠮᠠᠢᠮᠠᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠥᠳᠥᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠣᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠩᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃,ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠨᠳᠢᠩᠨᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠣᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠷᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠡᠮ ᠢ ᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠣᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠣᠷ ᠬᠥᠨᠥᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠳᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠬᠡᠪᠡᠰᠦ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃,ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩᠨᠠᠯᠳᠠ᠄ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠯᠤᠭᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃,