ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ -- ᠲᠤᠰᠭᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠤᠪ 5.2 ᠣᠯᠠᠨᠴᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠢᠰᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ .pptx
DNA 5:,ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠤᠪ 2 ᠣᠯᠠᠨᠴᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠢᠰᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠭᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠢᠭ᠌ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ DNA ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ,ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳ᠋ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭ᠍ᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠯᠸᠮᠸᠨ᠋ᠲ᠄ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ᠄ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠳ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢᠭᠦᠢ ᠨᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠸᠦᠲ᠋ᠢᠳ᠋ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠤᠢᠯ ᠄,ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ DNA ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ,C、H、O、N、P,ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠳ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢᠭᠦᠢ ᠨᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠸᠦᠲ᠋ᠢᠳ᠋,ᠪᠤᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ,ᠪᠤᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭ᠍ᠯᠢᠺᠣᠰ,,ᠡᠰᠲ᠋ᠸᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠹᠤᠰᠪᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷᠴᠢ,,5’,3’,OH,H,5’,3’,ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠳ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢᠭᠦᠢ ᠨᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠸᠦᠲ᠋ᠢᠳ᠋ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠠᠰᠦ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦ,H2O,DNA ᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠤᠴᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ,①DNA ᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳ᠋ᠦᠵᠠᠢ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠮᠦ᠋ᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠴᠠᠭᠡ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠮᠤᠰᠬᠢᠷᠠᠯᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠤᠤᠰ ᠱᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠳ᠋ᠦᠴᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳ᠋ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨᠠ᠃ ②DNA ᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠳ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢᠭᠦᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠹᠤᠰᠪᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠤᠰᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠯᠳ᠋ᠤᠵᠤ ᠭᠠᠳ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠨᠳ᠋ᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠶᠠᠰᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳ᠋ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨᠠ᠃ ᠱᠦ᠋ᠯᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ᠌ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠲᠦᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠥ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ③ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠱᠦ᠋ᠯᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ᠌ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠱᠦ᠋ᠯᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ᠌ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠦ᠋ᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠤᠰᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠵᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠮᠯᠠᠨᠠ᠃,ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ：DNA ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠠᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠦA=T，G=C。 A+G＝T+C＝A+C＝T+G＝50%， (A+G)/(T+C)＝(A+C)/(G+T)＝1,ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ：DNA ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠠᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠱᠦᠯᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ (A1+G1)/(T1+C1)= (T2+C2)/(A2+G2) (A1+T1)/(G1 +C1)=(T2 +A2)/(C2+G2),ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠠᠪᠳᠠᠰᠦ ᠳᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢᠰᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ,ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠨᠦ᠋ᠬᠦᠴᠡᠯ,DNA ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠠᠰᠤ,4 ᠵᠤᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠳ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢᠭᠦᠢ ᠨᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠸᠦᠲ᠋ᠢᠳ᠋,ATP,ᠱᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠬᠤ ᠢᠰᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ᠂ DNA ᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠯᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠢᠰᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ,ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠦᠯᠡᠳ᠋ᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠭ᠌ ᠲᠣ ᠬᠠᠮᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠥ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠱᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ,Kary BMullis （1944—）᠂ Cetus ᠺᠣᠮᠫᠠᠨᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ PCR ᠢ᠋ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠴᠡᠶ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ DNA ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠳᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ DNA ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠪᠤᠬᠢᠨᠢᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 1983 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠷ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠴᠢᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ （ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ） ᠢ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ DNA ᠵᠢ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠭᠳᠡᠪᠡ …… 1991 ᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ᠂ Cetus ᠺᠣᠮᠫᠠᠨᠢ ᠨᠢ 3 ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠳ᠋ᠣᠯᠯᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠥᠭᠬᠦ ᠰᠦᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ PCR ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠶ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠸᠢᠰ ᠦᠨ Hoffman LaRoche ᠺᠣᠮᠫᠠᠨᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠥᠭᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠣᠢᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠩᠨᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠳ᠋ᠣᠯᠯᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠪᠠ; Mullis 1993 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠤᠪᠸᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠪᠡ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠦ PCR ᠪᠣᠯ DNA ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠤᠰ ᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠶ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃,ᠺᠣᠮᠫᠠᠨᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠨᠣᠪᠧᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠯ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠴᠦ᠋ᠬᠡᠨ᠂ Mullis ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ,ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨ᠄,ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ᠂ PCR ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠭᠶᠣᠰᠤ,ᠱᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠬᠤ ᠢᠰᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ DNA ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠠᠰᠦ 4 ᠵᠤᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠳ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢᠭᠦᠢ ᠨᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠸᠦᠲ᠋ᠢᠳ᠋ DNA ᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠯᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠢᠰᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠫᠷᠢᠮᠸᠷ,ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ᠌ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢDNA ᠪᠤᠶᠤRNA ᠢ᠋ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠨᠠ᠃ PCRᠮᠠᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠫᠷᠢᠮᠸᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ20－30 ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠳ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢᠭᠦᠢ ᠨᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠸᠦᠲ᠋ᠢᠳ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ DNA ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃,PCRᠮᠠᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ DNA ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠱᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠠᠰ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠴᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ ᠃,,ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠠᠪᠳᠠᠰᠦ DNA,PCR ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ᠄,,95℃,,72℃,Taq酶,Taq酶,,50℃,ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ,,PCR ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ,1. PCR ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠄ ⑴ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠮᠢᠴᠠ ᠴᠢᠨ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠄ ⑵ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠦᠨᠳ᠋ᠦᠷ ⑶ ᠲᠦ᠋ᠬᠦᠮ ᠂ ᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠭᠡᠨ ⑷ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦᠯᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷᠵᠢᠴᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳ᠋ᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠤᠤᠷᠠ 2. PCR ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠄ ᠴᠢᠨ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ︵90℃ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭ᠍ᠰᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠠᠰ ᠂ ᠬᠤᠤᠰ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠠᠰᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠤᠭᠳ᠋ᠠᠵᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠩ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠠᠰᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ︶ ᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠬᠦ ︵50℃ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠠᠰ ᠂ ᠬᠤᠤᠰ ᠵᠦ᠋ᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠫᠷᠢᠮᠸᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠤᠷᠪᠤᠰ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠩ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠠᠰᠦ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠨᠠᠢᠯᠠᠨᠠ︶ ᠤᠷᠳ᠋ᠤᠰᠬᠤ ︵ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭ᠍ᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ 72 ℃ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠠᠰ ᠂ ᠴᠢᠯᠤᠭᠡᠳ᠋ᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠳ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢᠬᠦᠢ ᠨᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠸᠤᠲ᠋ᠢᠳ᠋ ᠨᠢ DNA ᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠯᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠢᠰᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳ᠋ᠦᠯ ᠲᠤᠤᠷᠠ ᠰᠢᠨᠠ DNAᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠠᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠠᠢᠯᠠᠯᠭᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦᠯᠦᠨᠠ ︶,ᠤᠯᠠᠨᠴᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠋ᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠢᠰᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠢᠭ᠌ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ︵PCR ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ︶,,,,,ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ1 ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ2 ᠬᠦᠦ ᠡᠭᠡ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠰᠡᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠨ1 ᠰᠡᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠨ2 ᠰᠡᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠨ3,,,
ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠣᠺ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠷᠭᠡ