2.2.1 ᠡᠰ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ .pptx

ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ-ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠡᠰ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ,ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠮᠦᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠌,ᠳᠣᠯᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠨ（ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷ ）,ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠰ,ᠨᠢᠭ᠍ᠡ ᠮᠦ᠋ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ᠌ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠡ,ᠦᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠣᠭᠳ᠋ᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠳ᠋ᠡᠭ᠍ᠡ(1ᠡᠰ),,ᠣᠷᠭᠣᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳ᠋ᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎᠎ᠡ,,,ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠦᠢᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ( 1014ᠡᠰ),ᠨᠢᠯᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠣᠬᠡᠳ( 1012 ᠡᠰ),ᠪᠤᠳ᠋ᠤᠯᠬᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡ ︕ ᠠᠮᠢᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠤᠳ᠋ᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎᠎ᠠ ᠠ᠋ᠴᠠ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ ︖,ᠦᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠣᠭᠳ᠋ᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠳ᠋ᠡᠭ᠍ᠡ(1ᠡᠰ),,,ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠠᠮᠢᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠪᠣᠳ᠋ᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎᠎ᠠ ᠠ᠋ᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠣ ᠰᠢᠯᠳ᠋ᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠣᠳ᠋ᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢᠯᠠᠬᠣ ︔ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳ᠋ᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠦ᠋ᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ᠎᠎ᠡ ᠃ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳ᠋ᠣᠭᠳ᠋ᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠳ᠋ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠩ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠣ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎᠎ᠠ᠃,ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳ᠋ᠠᠯ,ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠯᠳ᠋ᠡ,ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠶᠠᠭ᠍ᠡᠰᠦᠨ᠎᠎ᠡ,ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭ᠎᠎ᠠ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭ᠍ᠳ᠋ᠡᠨ᠎᠎ᠡ,ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯ,ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠳᠦ᠋ᠷᠰᠦ᠂ ᠪᠦᠳ᠋ᠦᠴᠡ᠂ ᠴᠢᠳ᠋ᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ,ᠪᠤᠳ᠋ᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ,,ᠨᠢᠭ᠍ᠡ ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ,ᠡᠰ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋ᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠦᠭ᠍ᠡᠢ ( ) ᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭ᠍ᠡᠭ᠍ᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ᠂ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠳ᠋ᠠᠰ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠂ ( ) ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠨ᠎᠎ᠠ ᠃,ᠳᠡᠵᠢᠭ᠍ᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠳ᠋ᠠᠰ,ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦᠨ,ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠳᠡᠵᠢᠭ᠍ᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠳ᠋ᠠᠰ ᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦᠦ ᠰᠢᠩᠭ᠍ᠡᠭ᠍ᠡᠨ᠎᠎ᠡ,ᠭᠠᠳ᠋ᠠᠷᠭᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠣᠳ᠋ᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭ᠍ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠦ ᠠ᠋ᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠣ ᠳᠡᠵᠢᠭ᠍ᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠳ᠋ᠠᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠯᠳ᠋ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭ᠍ᠡᠢ,ᠡᠰ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠭ᠍ᠡᠢ ᠦᠰᠴᠣ ᠳᠡᠢᠯᠣᠨ᠎᠎ᠠ ᠤ᠋ᠤ ︖,ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠴᠤ ᠰᠦᠪᠡᠭᠴᠢᠯᠡᠶ᠎ᠠ,10 ᠮᠢᠨ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ(86-87),ᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠢ︖ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠤᠢ︖ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ︖ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ︖ ᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠢ︖ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ︖,ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠯ,ᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ,ᠪᠣᠳ᠋ᠣᠭᠳ᠋ᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎᠎ᠡ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠳ᠋ᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠣᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ᠎᠎ᠠ ᠃,ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ᠄ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠬᠦᠯ ᠳᠣᠮᠳ᠋ᠠ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ᠌ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠭᠣᠮᠢᠳ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳ᠋ᠠᠵᠣ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ᠎᠎ᠠ᠃,ᠣᠷᠭᠣᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠄ ᠣᠣᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦ᠋ᠪ ᠲᠣ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎᠎ᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠬᠦᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ᠎᠎ᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ᠎᠎ᠠ᠃,ᠡᠰ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠦᠭ᠍ᠡᠮ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠣ ᠬᠣᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠣ ᠵᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠣᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎᠎ᠠ,ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ,,DNA,ᠣᠭᠣᠷᠠᠭ,ᠣᠳ᠋ᠣᠮᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳ᠋ᠠᠰ,ᠣᠳ᠋ᠣᠮᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳ᠋ᠠᠰ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠠᠴᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃,ᠡᠰ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠱᠦ᠋ᠯᠳ᠋ᠦᠯᠢᠭ᠌ ᠴᠢᠨ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠳ᠋ᠣᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠪᠣᠳ᠋ᠣᠭᠳ᠋ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠦᠨ ᠦᠩᠭ᠍ᠡ ᠳᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠳ᠋ᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠨ᠎᠎ᠠ ᠃,5/17/2022,ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠯᠲᠠ,ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳ᠋ᠦᠨ᠎᠎ᠡ,ᠳᠡᠭ᠍ᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠣᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎᠎ᠠ,ᠰᠢᠨ᠎᠎ᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠣᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳ᠋ᠣᠭᠳ᠋ᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭ᠎᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠰᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠮᠦᠰᠣᠨ ᠠᠳ᠋ᠠᠯᠢ,ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ︖,ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ( )᠂ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ( )᠂ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ( ) ᠃,ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ,ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ,ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ,ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠦᠮᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ,1. ᠦᠮᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ,ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠡᠰ,,ᠦᠮᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ,ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠮᠢᠴᠠ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠡᠬᠦᠰᠴᠠᠢ,ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳ᠋ᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠨ᠎᠎ᠠ᠃,50~60,∞≈25483.6,45.8~55d,1951 ᠣᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠤᠯᠳᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ,,ᠬᠤᠤᠷᠳᠦ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ( ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ),,ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ,2. ᠦᠮᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ,ᠣᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠂ ᠯᠢᠮᠪᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠰᠤᠳ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ,ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠯᠳᠡ,,ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠦ ᠦᠮᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ( 530 ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠡᠢ︶,ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ,ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ,︽ᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ︾ᠦᠮᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ,3. ᠦᠮᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ,② ᠤᠨᠤᠰᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ᠄,③ ᠡᠮᠨᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ᠄,ᠳᠠᠮᠠᠬᠢ ᠳᠠᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠂ ᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠳᠠᠷᠣᠵᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠣ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠭᠦ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠂ ᠵᠢᠮᠢᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠃ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ᠃ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠢᠯᠠᠰᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠳᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠮᠵᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠃,ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠰᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠣ᠋ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠯᠳᠠ᠂ CT᠂ ᠴᠥᠮ᠎ᠡ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠪᠢᠯᠳᠡ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯ,ᠮᠡᠰᠡ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠭᠳᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠯᠳᠠ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯ,① ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ᠄,ᠳ᠋ᠦᠨᠭᠨᠡᠯᠳᠡ,ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠯᠳᠠ,ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠯ,ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠦᠮᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ,ᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ︵ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ︶ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠄ ᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠄ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠄,1. ᠦᠮᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ 2. ᠦᠮᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ 3. ᠦᠮᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ① ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ② ᠤᠨᠤᠰᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ③ ᠡᠮᠨᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ,ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ,1᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ︵ ︶ ① ᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ② ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠦᠪ ᠲᠦ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ᠂ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ③ ᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ A.①②③ B .②①③ C.③①② D .①③② 2᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ᠂ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ︵ ︶ A.ᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ B.ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ C.ᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯ D.ᠨᠠᠪᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭᠯᠢᠭ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ,B,C,3. ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠂ ᠬᠣᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠳ᠋ᠠ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠮᠣᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠳ᠋ᠦᠴᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ︵ ︶ A.ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠬᠦᠯ B.ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ C.ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭ᠍ᠡᠮ D.ᠪᠣᠳ᠋ᠣᠭᠳ᠋ᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎᠎ᠡ 4. ᠠᠮᠢᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠪᠣᠳ᠋ᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎᠎ᠠ ᠠ᠋ᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠮᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠣ ᠨᠢ ︵ ︶ ᠦ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠩ ᠮᠦ᠋ᠨ᠃ A.ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰᠬᠦ B.ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠭ᠎᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭ᠍ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠦ C.ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠰᠥᠯᠳ᠋ᠡ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳ᠋ᠠᠯ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯ D.ᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠰᠥᠯᠳ᠋ᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠣ ᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳ᠋ᠠᠯ,C,D,