ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ 常见的酸碱.pptx

ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠱᠦᠯᠳᠣ , ᠰᠡᠳᠣᠪ 1 ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠣᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠱᠦᠯᠳᠣ , ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠳᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ︖ , ᠼᠤᠤ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ , ᠨᠢᠮᠪᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ,CH3COOH, ᠲᠠᠪᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ,HCI,H2SO4, ᠭᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ , ᠨᠠᠭᠦᠷᠠᠰᠣᠭᠦ᠋ᠴᠢᠯ ,H2CO3, ᠠᠽᠣᠲ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ,HNO3, ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ , ᠶᠡᠷᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠰᠣᠳᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠭ᠍ᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠪᠣᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ ,CH3COOH,HCI,H2SO4,H2CO3, ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ,,HNO3, ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ , ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ , ᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠮᠠᠯ ,CH3COOH,HCI,H2SO4,H2CO3,,HNO3, ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ , ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠣᠨ , ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠢᠶᠣᠨ ,SO42-,CO32-,NO3-,H+, ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠢᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠣᠨ , ︵ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ︶ ,+,,, ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ,CH3COOH,HCI,H2SO4,H2CO3,, ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ,HNO3, ᠼᠤᠤ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ , ᠲᠠᠪᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ , ᠭᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ , ᠠᠽᠣᠲ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ , ᠨᠠᠭᠦᠷᠠᠰᠣᠭᠦ᠋ᠴᠢᠯ ,,,, ᠵᠠᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠨᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ , ᠲᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ︖ ,H2O HCI H2O2 Ca ︵OH︶ 2 MnO2 H2SO4 NaOH HNO3 C H3COOH Zn ︵OH︶ 2 Ba ︵OH︶ 2 H2CO3, ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ,HCI H2SO4 HNO3 C H3COOH H2CO3, ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠣᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ,1. ᠬᠡᠳᠣᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠣᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ , ᠦᠩᠭᠡ᠂ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠡᠯ , ᠣᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠯᠣᠩᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ , ᠦᠨᠣᠷ , ᠨᠢᠬᠳᠠᠴᠠ , ᠲᠠᠪᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ , ᠭᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ , ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠳᠣ , ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠣᠨ᠎ᠡ , ᠰᠡᠳᠡᠮᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠦᠨᠣᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ , ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ︵37% ~ 38%︶ 1.19g/cm3, ᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠣᠰᠣᠯᠢᠭ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠳᠣ , ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ , ᠦᠨᠣᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ , ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ︵98%︶ 1.84g/cm3, ᠲᠣᠷᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠ 10 2, ᠲᠡᠭᠳᠡᠮᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ , ︵1︶ ᠣᠰᠣ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠷᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠭ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠬᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠦᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠨᠢᠬᠳᠠ ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ , ᠦᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ , ᠦᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ , ᠲᠩᠳᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ , ᠦᠳᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ , ︵2︶ ᠣᠰᠣ ᠦᠭᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ , ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ , ᠲᠣᠷᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠ 10 3, ᠲᠣᠷᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠ , ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠬᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ , ᠰᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠣᠭᠡᠳ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠰᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠦ , ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠮᠣᠳᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠣᠵᠣ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ , ᠦᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠣᠰᠣᠭᠠᠬᠤ , ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠰᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠰᠣᠭ᠌ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠨ᠎ᠠ , ᠦᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠣᠭ᠍ᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ , ᠦᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠣᠰᠣᠭᠠᠬᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠬᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠡᠯ ᠴᠣᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ ,, ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩᠨᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠦᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠣᠰᠣ ᠦᠭᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨᠰᠣ᠂ ᠮᠣᠳᠣᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯ᠂ ᠪᠦᠰ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠣ ᠮᠢᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠰᠣᠳᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠭ᠍ᠴᠢ᠂ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯᠳᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠭ᠍ᠴᠢ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠰᠣ ᠦ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠣᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠳᠡᠢ ᠨᠠᠭᠦᠷᠠᠰᠣ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ , ᠦᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠦ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠷᠭᠡᠪᠡᠰᠢ ᠦᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠨ ᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠬᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠠᠰᠣᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠳᠬᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠪᠡᠴᠣ ᠣᠰᠣ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ , ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠦᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠣ ᠮᠢᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠣ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠣ ᠬᠤᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠷᠦ᠋ᠬᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠣᠰᠣ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠭᠢᠶᠠᠬᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ 3% ~ 5% ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠦᠷᠠᠰᠣᠭᠦ᠋ᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠰᠣᠳᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠭ᠍ᠴᠢᠳᠣ ᠨᠠᠲᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠮᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ , ᠣᠰᠤ , ᠲᠠᠰᠣᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠳᠬᠤᠯᠬᠤ , ᠦᠳᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ , ᠲᠠᠪᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ , ᠭᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ , ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡ , ᠵᠢᠪᠡ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ , ᠡᠮ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ , ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠭᠤᠳᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ , ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠷᠳᠤᠭᠤᠷ , ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮ , ᠲᠠᠷᠢ , ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭ , ᠲᠠᠮᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ , ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ , ᠵᠢᠪᠡ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ , ᠣᠰᠤ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ , ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠬᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ,1. ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠯᠣᠩᠬᠤ ᠦᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠯᠣᠩᠬᠤ ᠦᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠯᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠠ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ︖ ︵︶ A. ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰ B. ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠬᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠰ C. ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠰ D. ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠮᠠᠯ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠬᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠲᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ,D,,2. ᠲᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠨᠢ ︵︶ A. ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠣ ᠮᠢᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠦᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠣᠰᠣ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠭᠢᠶᠠᠬᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ B. ᠭᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ᠂ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠦᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠬᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠤᠯᠵᠣ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠪᠡᠴᠣ ᠣᠰᠣ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ C. ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠣᠭᠡ᠂ ᠦᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠣ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ D. 9ml ᠣᠰᠣ ᠰᠠᠪᠠᠯᠡᠬᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ 1ml ᠦᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠵᠣ 1: 9 ᠦ ᠦᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠮᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ,B,1 . ᠲᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠨᠢ ︵︶ A. ᠹᠧᠨᠣᠯᠹᠲ᠋ᠠᠯᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠮᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠣᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠪᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠂ ᠴᠣᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠰᠣ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠣᠰᠣ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠯᠣᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ B. ᠯᠠᠺᠮᠦ᠋ᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠮᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠣᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠪᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠂ ᠴᠣᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠰᠣ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠣᠰᠣ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠯᠣᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ C. ᠹᠧᠨᠣᠯᠹᠲ᠋ᠠᠯᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠮᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠣ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠯᠠᠪᠳᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠯᠠᠺᠮᠦ᠋ᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠮᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠣ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ D. CO2 ᠶᠢ ᠯᠠᠺᠮᠦ᠋ᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠮᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠣᠭ᠍ᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ᠂ CO2 ᠨᠢ ᠯᠠᠺᠮᠦ᠋ᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠮᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ 2. ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠯᠣᠩᠬᠤ ᠦᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠯᠣᠩᠬᠤ ᠦᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠯᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠠ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ︖ ︵︶ A. ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰ B. ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠬᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠰ C. ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠰ D. ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠮᠠᠯ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠬᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠲᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ,B,D, ᠵᠢᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠣᠷ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠰᠣ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠂ ᠲᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠣᠭ᠍ᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠪᠣᠰᠣ ᠨᠢ︖ ︵︶ A. ᠲᠠᠮᠣᠷ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠰᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠮᠣᠷ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠪᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ B. ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠮᠣᠷ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠰᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠭᠦᠭᠡᠰᠣ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠣᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ C. ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ D. ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ 2 . ᠲᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠪᠣᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠠᠮᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠣᠭᠤᠯᠣᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ︵︶ A. B. C. D.,CuCI2,FeCI3,Fe2 ︵SO4︶ 3,MgSO4, ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠂ ᠱᠦᠯᠳᠣ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠣᠭ᠍ᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠣᠯ , ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠱᠦᠯᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠣᠭ᠍ᠴᠢ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠣ ᠱᠦᠯᠳᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠮᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠴᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠣ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠡᠰ , ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠣᠳᠠᠭ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠣᠭ᠍ᠴᠢ ,, ᠭᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠯᠠᠺᠮᠦ᠋ᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠮᠠᠯ , ᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠹᠧᠨᠣᠯᠹᠲ᠋ᠠᠯᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠮᠠᠯ ,3. ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ , ︵1︶ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠣᠭ᠍ᠴᠢ ᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ , ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠳᠡᠢ ᠯᠠᠺᠮᠦ᠋ᠰ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠳᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠹᠧᠨᠣᠯᠹᠲ᠋ᠠᠯᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠮᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ , ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠳᠡᠢ ᠯᠠᠺᠮᠦ᠋ᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠮᠠᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠹᠧᠨᠣᠯᠹᠲ᠋ᠠᠯᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠮᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ︖ , ᠰᠦᠪᠡᠭᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ , ᠰᠢᠩᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ , ᠹᠧᠨᠣᠯᠹᠲ᠋ᠠᠯᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠮᠠᠯ , ᠯᠠᠺᠮᠦ᠋ᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠮᠠᠯ , ᠰᠢᠩᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ,,3. ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ , ︵2︶ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠮᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠪᠠᠯ ,Mg +2HCI MgCI2+H2,Zn+2HCI ZnCI2+H2,Fe + 2HCI FeCI2+H2,Mg +H2SO4 MgSO4+H2,Zn+H2SO4 ZnSO4+H2,Fe + H2SO4 FeSO4+H2, ᠲᠠᠮᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ + ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠪᠣᠰᠣ +,H2, ᠰᠦᠪᠡᠭᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ , ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠴᠤ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠣᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠮᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠣᠬᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠡᠷᠭᠡᠴᠡᠭᠦᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠰᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢ ,Fe2+, ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠦᠢᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠣᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠳᠡᠢ , ︵ᠭᠦᠢᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠣᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ︶ , ︵3︶ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠮᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠰᠣᠮᠡᠭ ᠯᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠪᠠᠯ ,Fe2O3 + 6HCI 2FeCI3 + 3H2O,Fe2O3 +3H2SO4 Fe2 ︵SO4︶ 3+ 3H2O, ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ᠄ ᠲᠠᠮᠣᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠪᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠮᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ , ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ᠄ ᠲᠠᠮᠣᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠪᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠮᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ , ᠲᠠᠮᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠰᠣᠮᠡᠭ + ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠮᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ + ᠣᠰᠣ , ᠰᠦᠪᠡᠭᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ,Fe3+, ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠳᠡᠢ , ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ᠄ ,NaOH H2SO4 KOH H3PO4 Ca ︵OH︶ 2 H2CO3 HCl Al ︵OH︶ 3 HNO3 CH3COOH, ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ᠄ ,H2SO4 H3PO4 H2CO3 HCl HNO3 CH3COOH,NaOH KOH Ca ︵OH︶ 2 Al ︵OH︶ 3,,NaOH KOH Ca ︵OH︶ 2 Al ︵OH︶ 3,, ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠶᠣᠨᠵᠢᠭᠠᠳ᠄ , ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠣᠨ᠄ , ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠢᠶᠣᠨ᠄ ,Na+,OH-,K+,Ca2+,Al3+,OH-,OH-,OH-,, ᠱᠦᠯᠳᠦ , ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤᠨ᠄ , ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠶᠣᠨᠵᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ OH- ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠳᠦ ᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ , ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠳᠦ᠄ , ᠰᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ,NH4++OH-, ᠣᠰᠣᠮᠠᠬᠳᠣ ᠺᠠᠯᠼ , ᠣᠰᠣᠮᠠᠭᠳᠣ ᠨᠠᠳ᠋ᠷᠢ ,Ca ︵OH︶ 2,NaOH, ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠡ᠂ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠡᠯᠳᠣᠳᠠᠭ ᠱᠦᠯᠳᠣ , ᠣᠰᠣᠮᠠᠬᠳᠣ ᠨᠠᠳ᠋ᠷᠢ ᠵᠠᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠨᠠᠳ᠋ᠷᠢ᠂ ᠢᠳᠡᠮᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠳᠣ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠴᠢᠩᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ︵ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠣ ᠮᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠣᠰᠣ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠭᠢᠶᠠᠬᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠪᠣᠷ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠮᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃︶ , ᠲᠣᠷᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠ 10 5, ᠲᠣᠷᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠ , ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ , ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠣᠯᠳᠠ , ᠣᠰᠣᠮᠠᠬᠳᠣ ᠨᠠᠳ᠋ᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠦᠯᠣᠪ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠬᠯᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ , ᠣᠰᠣᠮᠠᠬᠳᠣ ᠨᠠᠳ᠋ᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢᠮᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠪᠠᠭ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ , ᠣᠰᠣᠮᠠᠬᠳᠣ ᠨᠠᠳ᠋ᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠣᠰᠣ ᠰᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠤᠷᠣᠭᠤ ᠰᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠤᠷᠣᠭᠤ ᠰᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠡᠷ ᠬᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠷᠢᠵᠣ ᠦᠵᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ , ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠳᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠳᠣ , ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠭᠢᠭᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ , ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ , ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠣᠰᠣ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ , ᠣᠰᠣᠮᠠᠬᠳᠣ ᠨᠠᠳ᠋ᠷᠢ ᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠭᠠᠳ ᠢᠯᠴᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ ,NaOH, ᠣᠰᠣᠮᠠᠬᠳᠣ ᠨᠠᠳ᠋ᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠯᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠣᠰᠣ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠣ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠢᠭᠳᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠣ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠢᠭᠷᠡᠭᠦ ᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ , ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠬᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ , ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠣ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠣᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠣᠩ ᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠰᠣ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨᠰᠣ ᠬᠢᠭᠦ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠠᠷᠣᠮᠠᠯᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠭᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷᠯᠡᠭᠦ ᠡᠳ᠋ , ᠲᠣᠷᠰᠢᠯᠳᠡ 10 6, ᠦᠩᠭᠡ᠂ ᠲᠦᠯᠣᠪ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠡᠯ , ᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠡᠯ , ᠲᠣᠩᠭᠠᠬᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠮᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ CO2 ᠢ ᠨᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠦ , ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ , ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠣᠨᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢᠳᠣ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠳᠣ , ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠳᠣ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠮᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠬᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢᠷᠳᠣᠬᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ︵ᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠯᠢᠮ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃︶ , ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠩᠭᠢᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ , ᠤᠰᠣᠮᠠᠬᠳᠣ ᠺᠠᠯᠼ , ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠬᠤᠢ , ᠵᠠᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ,Ca ︵OH︶ 2, ᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠮᠠᠯ ᠴᠣᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠰᠣ , ᠴᠣᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠭᠠᠳᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠣᠬᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠴᠣᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠢᠳᠡᠮ , ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ,CaO + H2O Ca ︵OH︶ 2, ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠷᠣᠭᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠴᠣᠬᠤᠶᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠣᠳᠣ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠷᠳ᠋ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯᠯᠢᠭ ᠭᠦᠷᠣᠰᠣ ᠰᠢᠷᠣᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ , ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠶᠠᠯᠢᠮ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ , ᠲᠣᠷᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠ 10 1, ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠼᠣᠣ , ᠲᠠᠪᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ , ᠴᠣᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠰᠣ , ᠣᠰᠣᠮᠠᠬᠳᠣ ᠨᠠᠳ᠋ᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠮᠠᠯ , ᠭᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠳᠡᠢ ᠯᠠᠺᠮᠦ᠋ᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠮᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ , ᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠹᠧᠨᠣᠯᠹᠲ᠋ᠠᠯᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠮᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ , ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠣ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ , ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ , ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠣ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ , ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ , ᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠣ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ , ᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠣ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ , ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠣ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ , ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠣ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ , ᠭᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠳᠡᠢ ᠯᠠᠺᠮᠦ᠋ᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠮᠠᠯ , ᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠹᠧᠨᠣᠯᠹᠲ᠋ᠠᠯᠧᠨ ᠦ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠮᠠᠯ , ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ , ᠱᠦᠯᠳᠣ , ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ , ᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ , ᠬᠦᠭᠡ ᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ , ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ , ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠣᠭ᠍ᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠮ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠣᠰᠣ ,酸红碱蓝 酸不变碱红, ᠱᠦᠯᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ,, ᠱᠦᠯᠳᠣ ᠭᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠯᠠᠺᠮᠦ᠋ᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠮᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠹᠧᠨᠣᠯᠹᠲ᠋ᠠᠯᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠮᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ,Ca ︵OH︶ 2+CO2 CaCO3 + H2O,2 NaOH+SO3 Na2SO4+H2O, ︵ᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠦᠩᠭᠡ , ︵ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ︶ , ︵1︶ ᠱᠦᠯᠳᠦ ᠦᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠣᠭ᠍ᠴᠢ ᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ , ︵2︶ ᠱᠦᠯᠳᠣ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠲᠠᠮᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠰᠣ ᠢᠰᠣᠮᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠣᠵᠣ ᠲᠠᠪᠣᠰᠣ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠰᠣ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ , ᠨᠠᠭᠦᠷᠠᠰᠣᠳᠣ᠊ᠢᠷᠥᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠢᠰᠣᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠰᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢ᠄ , ᠱᠦᠯᠳᠦ , ᠲᠠᠮᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠢᠰᠦᠮᠡᠭ ,+, ᠲᠠᠪᠣᠰᠣ , ᠤᠰᠤ ,+,2 NaOH+CO2 Na2CO3+H2O, ᠲᠣᠷᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠ 10 7, ᠲᠠᠪᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠂ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠮᠠᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠪᠳᠣᠷ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠤᠰᠤᠮᠠᠬᠳᠣ ᠨᠠᠲᠷᠢ᠂ ᠤᠰᠤᠮᠠᠬᠳᠣ ᠨᠠᠲᠷᠢ᠂ ᠤᠰᠤᠮᠠᠬᠳᠤ ᠺᠠᠯᠴᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠱᠦᠯᠳᠣ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠴᠦ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠪᠳᠥᠷ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠢ︖ , ᠪᠣᠳᠡᠰ , ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ , ᠲᠠᠪᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ , ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ , ᠤᠰᠤᠮᠠᠬᠳᠣ ᠨᠠᠲᠷᠢ , ᠤᠰᠤᠮᠠᠬᠳᠣ ᠺᠠᠯᠼ , ᠨᠠᠷᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠤᠰᠤ , ᠡᠲ᠋ᠠᠨᠥᠯ , ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠱᠦᠯᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠪᠳᠣᠷ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ︵1︶ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦᠳ ᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠮᠠᠯ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷ᠎ᠠ H + ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠢᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠣᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠰᠣ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠮᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ H+ ᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠣᠴᠢᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠪᠳᠣᠷ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ︵2︶ ᠱᠦᠯᠳᠣ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠮᠠᠯ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠮᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠣᠨ OH + ᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠰᠣ ᠱᠦᠯᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠮᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ OH- ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠣᠴᠢᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠱᠦᠯᠳᠣ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠪᠳᠣᠷ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ , ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠣ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠢᠶᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ,1. ᠲᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠪᠣᠰᠣ ᠨᠢ᠄ A. ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠮᠠᠯ ᠵᠠᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠴᠣᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠰᠣ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ B. ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠬᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠴᠣᠬᠤᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠰᠣ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠣᠭᠤᠯᠣᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭ C. ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ D. ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠣᠮᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠣ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠦ ᠪᠣᠷᠳ᠋ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ 2. ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠵᠠᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ᠂ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠳᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ A. ᠺᠠᠯᠼ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠰᠣᠯ᠂ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠤᠬᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠬᠤᠢ᠂ CaO B. ᠾᠯᠣᠷᠳᠣ ᠣᠰᠣᠳᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠭ᠍ᠴᠢ᠂ ᠲᠠᠪᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠂ HCI C. ᠨᠠᠭᠦᠷᠠᠰᠣᠭᠦ᠋ᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠺᠠᠯᠼ᠂ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠤᠬᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠬᠤᠢ᠂ CaCO3 D. ᠣᠰᠣᠮᠠᠬᠳᠣ ᠨᠠᠳ᠋ᠷᠢ᠂ ᠢᠳᠡᠮᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠳᠣ᠂ NaOH,