ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠡ︕ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠷᠴᠠᠭᠠᠶᠠ
1 2 101 American English Idioms Understanding and Speaking English Like an American Harry Collis Illustrated by Mario Risso PASSPORT BOOKS NTC/Contemporary Publishing Group 3 Published by Passport Books, a division of NTC/Contemporary Publishing Group, Inc., 4255 West Touhy Avenue, Lincolnwood (Chicago), Illinois 60712-1975 U.S.A. © 1987, 1986 by NTC/Contemporary Publishing Group, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of NTC/Contemporary Publishing Group, Inc. Manufactured in the United States of America. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 85-62572 International Standard Book Number: 0-8442-5446-0 1 23456789CU 1918 17 16 4 Contents Foreword v Section One: It's a Zoo Out There 6—16 Smell a Rat Go to the Dogs Fishy Take the Bull by the Horns Horse of a Different Color Let the Cat Out of the Bag For the Birds Straight From the Horses's Mouth Horse Around Cat Got Your Tongue? Section Two: The Body Has Many Uses 17-29 Get in Someone's Hair Shoot Off One's Mouth Jump Down Someone's Throat Pay Through the Nose Tongue-In-Cheek Pull Someone's Leg Play It by Ear Stick Out One's Neck Shake a Leg All Thumbs Not Have a Leg to Stand On Get Off Someone's Back Section Three: That's Not Nice 30-38 Drive Someone Up a Wall String Someone Along Sell Someone Down the River Leave Someone High and Dry Sell Someone Short Snow Job Spill the Beans Feed Someone a Line Section Four: People Do the Strangest Things 39-53 On Ice Shoot the Breeze Bite the Dust Bend over Backwards Hit the Hay Cough Up Jump the Gun Scratch Someone's Back Hit the Ceiling Fork Over Turn Some one Off Go Fly a Kite Kick the Bucket Raise a Stink Section Five: Clothes Make the Man (and Woman) 54-64 Wet Blanket Keep Under One's Hat Up One's Sleeve Dressed to Kill Give Someone the Slip Knock Someone's Socks Off Talk Through One's Hat Lose One's Shirt In Stitches Dressed to the Teeth Section Six: When Things Go Wrong 65-73 Lemon Out of the Woods Get Up on the Wrong Side of the Bed Out on a Limb Eating Someone Get the Ax In the Hole Section Seven: When Things Go Well 74-84 For a Song Make a Splash Have the World by the Tail Sitting Pretty Feel Like a Million Dollars Kick Up One's Heels Bury the Hatchet Paint the Town Red Get Away Clean Come Alive Section Eight: Do Your Best 85-97 Toot One's Own Horn Stick to One's Guns Get the Ball Rolling Mind One's P's and Q's Hang On Give It One's Best Shot Make Ends Meet Get the Jump on Someone Pull Strings Spread Oneself Too Thin Go to Bat for Someone Duck Soup Section Nine: You Don't Say 98 - 109 Money Talks Let Sleeping Dogs Lie Shape Up or Ship Out If the Shoe Fits ,Wear It Different Strokes For Different Folks Bark Worse Than One's Bite Eyes Are Bigger Than One's Stomach Put One's Money Where One's Mouth Is The Early Bird Catches the Worm People Who Live in Glass Houses Shouldn't Throw Stones All’s Well That Ends Well Index to Idioms 110 Are not present: Bite the Bullet, Face the Music, Blow It, At the End of One's Rope, On One's Last Legs, Hot Under the Collar, On the Line 5 Foreword Nonnative speakers of English can reach a point in their knowledge of the language where they feel comfortable with standard literary speech; however, they're liable to find themselves in hot water when confronted with idiomatic expressions. When hearing an idiom or colloquialism they may feel frustrated and confused, since the true meaning of the idiom generally cannot be determined by a knowledge of its component parts. In many cases an attempt on the part of the learner to tie down a definition of an idiom that would work in all instances is a futile undertaking. When used by native speakers, idioms sound natural and fit the occasion, since Americans instinctively feel the imagery and impact of what they are saying. A non-native speaker of English, on the other hand, may know the basic meaning of such expressions as “I gave it my best shot“ or “dressed to kill,“ but still not be able to use them appropriately. For example, if at a formal gathering an American says to the wife of a foreign diplomat that her gown is elegant, or that she looks lovely, and in appreciation for the compliment her answer is, “Thank you, I gave it my best shot!“ or “Thanks, I dressed to kill!“, the chances are that the American would be trying his hardest to hold back peals of laughter. Even with a fairly accurate idea of the meaning of an idiomatic expression, the nonnative lacks the intuitive feel for its impact or for the “picture“ it creates. 101 American English Idioms is designed to help bridge the gap between “meaning“ and “thrust“ of American colloquialisms by providing a situation and a graphic illustration of that situation, so that the imagery created by the expression can be felt, rather than simply learned as a stock definition. The book is divided into nine sections. The title of each section reflects a notion or a manifestation of the physical world, the world of behavior, or the world of the senses with which the reader may easily identify. It is hoped that the natural tone of the language of the situations in which the idiom is presented will help to convey the feeling of the idiom and the circumstances under which it maybe used. The illustrations graphically depicting the meaning of the components of the expressions not only add an element of humor, but also serve to highlight the contrast between the literal and actual meaning of the idioms as presented in the text. An index is included to facilitate recall and location of the expressions. 101 American English Idioms is intended primarily for all students of English. Nevertheless, because of the graphic humor of the idioms in caricature, native speakers of English will also find the book refreshingly entertaining. 6 Section One It's a Zoo Out There 7 Smell a Rat (feel that something is wrong) How come the front door is open? Didn't you close it before we went shopping? I'm sure I did. I can't understand it. Frankly, I smell a rat. Me, too. I'm convinced that something is definitely wrong here. We'd better call the police. 8 Goto the Dogs (become run-down) Have you seen their house lately? It's really gone to the dogs. It's true that it has become run-down and in serious need of repair, but I'm sure that it can be fixed up to look like new. I guess with a little carpentry work and some paint it could look pretty decent. 9 Fishy (strange and suspicious) When the security guard saw a light in the store after closing hours, it seemed to him that there was something fishy going on. He called the central office and explained to his superior that he thought something strange and suspicious was occurring. 10 Take the Bull by the Horns (take decisive action in a difficult situation) Julie had always felt that she was missing out on a lot of fun because of her clumsiness on the dance floor. She had been putting off taking lessons, but she finally took the bull by the horns and went to a professional dance studio for help. She was tired of feeling left out and acted decisively to correct the situation. 11 Horse of a Different Color (guite a different matter) Eric likes to play jokes on his friends, but he makes sure that nobody is hurt by any of his pranks. A prank that hurts someone is a horse of a different color! Being playful is one thing, but hurting someone by one's prank is quite a different matter. 12 Let the Cat Out of the Bag (inform beforehand) Bob was going to retire from teaching in June, and the foreign language department was planning on presenting him with some luggage at his retirement dinner. He wasn't supposed to know about it, but someone let the cat out of the bag. At the dinner Bob acted surprised, even though someone had told him what he was getting lief ore the official presentation. 13 For the Birds (unlnteresting and meaningless) They went to a poetry reading, but they got bored and restless. As far as they were concerned, it was for the birds! They left during an intermission because they found the reading totally uninteresting and meaningless. 14 Straight From, the Horse's Mouth, (from a reliable source) How did you find out that Jill was engaged? I got the information from a very reliable source. You mean Jill told you so herself? That's right. I got it straight from the horse's mouth 1 15 Horse Around (play around) Did you hear about Dave's back injury? No. How did he get hurt? Well, after the coach left the gym he decided to stay and horse around on the parallel bars. He somehow lost his grip and fell on his back. That's too bad, but he shouldn't have been aimlessly playing around on the equipment without proper supervision. 16 Cat Got Your Tongue? (can't talk?) Come on, Connie! Tell us what you think about our little ride down the rapids yesterday. Well,uh. Wasn't it exciting? I,uh. What's the matter? Cat got your tongue? If you must know, I'm keeping quiet because I was scared out of my wits! 17 Section Two The Body Has Many Uses 18 Get in Someone's Hair (bother someone) Children! Would you please stop making so much noise! And for heaven's sake, pick up your clothes and toys! It's hard enough trying to keep this house clean without your throwing your things all over the place! Clara, I know that the children get in your hair, but you should try not to let it upset you so much. Listen, Jim. I can't help it. The children bother me and make me very angry when they're so noisy and messy. 19 Shoot Off One's Mouth, (express one's opinions loudly) Jim doesn't play tennis very much, but he's always shooting off his month about how good he is. Yet he's fooling nobody. Jim is somewhat of a braggart and everyone knows that he gives opinions without knowing all the facts and talks as if he knew everything about the game. 20 Jump Down Someone's Throat (become angry with someone) That's it, Greg! You'd better not come in after midnight again tonight! I know, dad. You don't have to jump down my throat! I told you that I'd make it home around 11:30.1 don't intend to be late! Well, you've said that before and in you come at 2:30 in the morning. You can't blame me for getting angry and scolding you. I've got good reason. 21 Pay Through, the Nose (pay too high, a price) At last Mr. Smith came upon the rare stamp he had been seeking at an auction. Since many other stamp collectors would also be bidding for it, he realized that he would have to pay through, the nose in order to have it. After considering the increasing value of the stamp, he decided that he would not mind paying such a high price for something so rare. 22 Tongue-In-Cheek (not serious) Why were you teasing Sonia about her new hairdo? She really took offense at what you said. I didn't mean to offend her. I was simply making a tongue-in-cheek remark when I said that it was too elaborate for a girl of her young, tender age. Well, she thought you were serious. She had no idea that you were just saying that as a joke. I'm really sorry. I suppose I owe her an apology. 23 Pull Someone's Leg (fool someone) Hey, Al. I was invited to be a judge for the Miss America Beauty Pageant! Oh, really? Come on, you're pulling my leg! No, honestly. Do you really think that I'm trying to fool you with a ridiculous story? Well, you've told me foolish stories before. I can assure you that this one is for real. 24 Play It by Ear (improvise as one goes along) Let's go to the movies, agreed? Sure. And what'll we do after that? Oh, I don't know. Let's play it by ear. Well, I would like to have a more definite plan of action. Don't be like that. It's always more fun not knowing what to expect and deciding what to do as we go along. 25 Stick Out One's Neck (take a risk) How come they're asking me to act as their guide through the jungle? Evidently they think you're the only one who can lead them to the lost temple. That jungle has danger lurking around every corner. Why should I stick my neck out for them? They didn't pay me for my services. They know that you would be taking a great risk and could possibly get hurt, but you're the only one with enough knowledge to take them to their destination. I'm sure you'll be amply rewarded. 26 Shake a Leg (hurry!) Mary, you always take such a long time to put on your makeup. Come on, shake a leg! I'll be finished in a minute. Be patient. You've got to hurry or else we won't arrive on time to see the last show. 27 All Thumbs (clumsy) Hey, Bea. Can you help me out? I don't seem to be able to button up the back of my dress. Sure. Let's see if I can do it for you. I guess I'm all thumbs because I'm so nervous. I'm already late for my date. Well, I suppose that being so nervous would make you clumsy and awkward. But don't worry. I'm sure your date will wait. 28 Not Have a Leg to Stand On (to have no good defense for one's opinions or actions) Tom maintains that the firm owes him some back wages for having worked overtime. However, he won't have a leg to stand on unless he can prove that he put in all those extra hours. He doesn't stand a chance of getting his money without a strong foundation of facts to support his position. 29 Get Off Someone's Back (stop bothering someone) Hey, John. I'm bored. Come on, let's go out and do something. Sorry, I'm right in the middle of studying for a physics exam. I won't be able to make it tonight. You've been studying for a long time. Why don't you take a break? Come on! Let's go! Forget studying for a while! Look! Get off my back! I can't go anywhere! OK. I'll stop bothering you only if you promise to let me know the minute you're finished. 30 Section Three That's Not Nice 31 Drive Someone Up a Wall (annoy someone greatly) Wow! What a great set of drums! Yeah, they're great, but I can't play on them when my folks are at home. They say I drive them up a wall with all the loud banging. I get the same thing at home. My folks tell me that I annoy them and get them really angry whenever I turn up the volume on my stereo. 32 String Someone Along (lead someone on dishonestly) Liz had high hopes of marrying Dean. When he ran off with another woman, she realized that he was just stringing her along. She had felt very strongly about him and was really hurt to see that he was deceiving her and had no intentions of ever marrying her. 33 Sell Someone Down the River (betray someone) I heard that poor Jud landed up in jail. Yeah. His so-called girlfriend sold him down the river and claimed the reward on him. I can't understand that. I thought she was devoted to him. She couldn't have been very devoted to him if she betrayed him
ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠣᠺ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠷᠭᠡ