ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠣᠨ （ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ） ᠯᠤᠤ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠶᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ .pptx

ᠯᠤᠤ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠶᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠤ , ᠯᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠩ ᠢ , ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ , ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠠᠶᠦᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠰᠥᠰᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠰᠤᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ , ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠢᠯᠢ — , ᠬᠦᠦᠷᠨᠢᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ , ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ , ᠯᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠩ ᠢ᠂ 1906 — 1996᠂ ᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩᠰᠦ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ᠂ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠲᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠳ᠋ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠢᠳ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠩᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠪᠠ᠃ , ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ , ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠢ ︽ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠦ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠲᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ︾ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠪᠠ᠃ 1934 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 10 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ︵ᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩᠰᠢ︶ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠭᠤᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠰᠯᠡᠭᠦᠴᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ︽ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ︾ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠ ᠨᠢᠷᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠰᠢ ᠮᠣᠷᠳᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠹᠦᠵᠢᠶᠠᠨ᠂ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠩᠰᠢ᠂ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠩᠳᠦ᠋ᠩ ᠢ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠤᠨᠠᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ 12 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠩᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠯᠤᠤ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠶᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠪᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠴᠢᠭᠠᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠥᠰᠦ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠦᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ᠂ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠ ᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠠ ᠳ᠋᠊ᠦ᠋ ᠾᠤ᠋ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠲᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠭᠠᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠴᠠᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠨᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠂ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠲᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠰᠯᠡᠭᠦᠴᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠣᠬᠢᠨ ᠤᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠮᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1935 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 10 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ — ᠱᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ᠂ ᠱᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠲᠠᠶᠠᠩ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠮᠡ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠦ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠯᠤᠤ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠶᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠶᠦᠸᠠᠢ ᠴᠤᠩ ᠯᠢᠩ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠤᠨᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠩᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ 1934 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 12 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠨ , ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠤᠭᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠪᠲᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠢᠰᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡ᠃ ᠶᠦᠸᠠᠢ ᠴᠤᠩ ᠯᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠲᠡᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ — ᠯᠤᠤ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠶᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠪᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ︽ᠾᠦᠩ ᠵᠠᠩ︾ ᠴᠤᠪᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠲᠡᠰ᠂ ᠰᠤᠷᠲᠠᠯ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠲᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠷ ᠯᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠩ ᠢ᠂ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠰᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠯᠤᠤ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠶᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠪᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠲᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠢ ︽ᠯᠤᠤ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠶᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠤ︾ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠬᠢᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠲᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠢᠳᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡᠰᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠰᠥᠰᠦ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ᠂ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠰᠤᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠤᠭ ᠵᠢᠪᠬᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ , ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡ᠂ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ,1. ᠵᠥᠪ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠶ᠎ᠠ , ᠬᠠᠰᠭᠢᠷᠬᠤ , ᠦᠭᠰᠦᠬᠦ , ᠦᠯᠦᠰᠴᠦ , ᠭᠡᠯᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ , ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠵᠦ ,xaʃɡirax,oɡsox,ɡəlməɡdəʤ,olsoʧ,surdəʤ,2. ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ , ᠲᠦᠢᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ — , ᠬᠥᠬᠢᠭᠡᠬᠦ — , ᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ — , ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤᠭ — , ᠬᠠᠢᠭᠤᠯ — , ᠲᠠᠮᠢᠷ ᠲᠡᠩᠬᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠵᠦᠳᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ , ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠤᠷᠮᠠᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠡᠬᠦ᠃ , ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠤᠭᠤᠲᠠ᠃ , ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠬᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠯ᠃ , ᠬᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠪ᠃ ① ᠴᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯ ② ᠡᠷᠢᠯᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯ᠃ , ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ , ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠵᠠᠢ᠃ , ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ᠄ , ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ᠄ , ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠯᠤᠤ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠶᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠪᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ , ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ , ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ , ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ , ᠴᠠᠭ , ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ , ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ , ᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ , ᠣᠷᠤᠢ , ᠦᠳᠡᠰᠢ , ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠰᠥᠨᠢ , ᠰᠥᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠ , ᠦᠦᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ , ᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ , ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ , ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ , ᠰᠤᠷᠲᠠᠯ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠲᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ , ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠ , ᠶᠣᠣ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ , ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ , ᠯᠸᠢ ᠭᠦᠩ ᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠮᠤᠢ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠪᠡ , ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠠᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ , ᠬᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠰᠥᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠬᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠤᠨᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ , ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ , ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ , ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠷᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ , ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ︽ᠪᠢ︾ , ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ , ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ , ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠ , ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ , ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ , ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠭᠢᠯ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠪᠡ , ︽ᠪᠢ︾ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠰᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠣᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ , ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠣᠣ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ , ᠯᠤᠤ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠶᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠩᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠲᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ , ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ᠄ , ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ , ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠲᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠦᠷᠨᠢᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠯᠤᠤ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠶᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠪᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠲᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠰᠥᠰᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠰᠤᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ , ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ , ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠲᠤ ︽ᠲᠤᠩ ᠶᠠᠯᠢᠮ ᠦᠭᠡᠢᠬᠡᠨ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠮᠡ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠰᠥᠰᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠰᠤᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ᠂ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠬᠦᠮᠳᠡᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠲᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠰᠥᠰᠦ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠣᠶᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠢᠷᠳᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠦ᠋ᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠢᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠬᠢᠴᠠ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠪᠢᠰᠬᠡᠷᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠤᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠯᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠰ ᠲᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠢᠬᠤ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠮ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠬᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠰ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠃ , ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ,1. ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠲᠣᠪᠦ᠋ᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ,3. ︵1︶ ︽ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ︾ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢ ᠢᠩᠭᠢᠵᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠵᠤ ︽ᠵᠠᠩᠰᠢᠯ︾ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠬᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠣ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠭᠦᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠮᠠ ᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠨᠥᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ︽ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ︾ ᠵᠶᠢᠯᠠᠴᠢᠬᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠣᠣ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠭᠦᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠣᠪᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠬᠢᠴᠠ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ︽ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ︾ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ , ︵2︶ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠠᠳᠡ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠯᠡ ᠦᠩᠭᠢᠨᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠵᠦ ᠰᠥᠨᠦᠬᠦ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠤᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠰᠯᠡᠭᠦᠴᠦᠳ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠴᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠲᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠡᠷᠰᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠱᠤᠩᠨᠠᠨ ᠶᠣᠵᠤᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠰᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠯ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠷᠰᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ , ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠥᠮ ︹o︺ ᠡᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠡᠪᠦᠯ᠂ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ᠂ ᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡ B. ᠦᠷᠯᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠦᠭᠭᠢᠶᠡᠮᠦᠷ᠂ ᠴᠦ᠋ᠬᠡᠨ᠂ ᠵᠦᠯᠭᠡ C. ᠨᠦᠬᠡᠴᠡ᠂ ᠥᠭᠶᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠯ᠂ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ D. ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠬᠦ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷ᠂ ᠱᠢᠷᠦ᠂ ᠵᠢᠰᠦᠷ 2. ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ︵︶ A.① ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ② ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ③ ᠬᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ④ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠩ B.① ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ② ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ③ ᠬᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ④ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠩ C.① ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ② ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ③ ᠬᠤᠷ ④ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠩ D.① ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ② ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ③ ᠬᠤᠷ ④ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠩ 3. ᠪᠦᠷ ᠬᠡᠪᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ᠄ ︵︶ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ᠂ ᠨᠢᠳᠦ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ B. ᠨᠢᠳᠦ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠮᠣᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠯ᠂ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠵᠢᠯ C. ᠶᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠳᠠᠯᠵᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠨᠢᠳᠦ ᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠷᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠬᠤ D. ᠬᠠᠦᠯᠢ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ᠂ ᠨᠢᠳᠦ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠬᠦ᠂ ᠶᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠬᠤ , ᠲᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯ , ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ ,4. ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠨᠢ᠄ ,A. ︽ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠴᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠤᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠰᠯᠡᠭᠦᠴᠦᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠯ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠢᠨᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ B. ︽ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠴᠢ︾ ᠪᠠ ︽ᠯᠤᠤ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠶᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠤ︾ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠠᠷᠥ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ C. ᠶᠠᠩ ᠮᠦᠸᠧ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ︽ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠴᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠯᠢᠨ ᠾᠥᠩ ᠪᠠ ᠯᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠣᠣ ᠵᠢᠩ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ D. ︽ᠯᠤᠤ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠶᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠤ︾ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ︽ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ︾ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠦ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ,