ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄ ,,, ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠳᠣᠴᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠣᠯ , ᠪᠣᠳᠡᠰ , ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ , ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ , ᠢᠶᠣᠨ , ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ , ᠪᠦᠳᠣᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ , ᠪᠦᠳᠣᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ , ᠪᠦᠳᠣᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ , ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠣᠭᠦᠯᠣᠨ᠎ᠡ ,, ᠬᠤᠷᠸ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠣᠯ ,, ᠬᠤᠮᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠦᠳᠣᠴᠡ , ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠦᠳᠣᠴᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠣᠯ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠢᠶᠣᠨ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ,,, ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ᠃ , ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢ

ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ,,⒈ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠷᠳᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ , ᠪᠣᠷᠳᠤᠭᠤᠷ ,, ᠺᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠷᠳᠤᠭᠤᠷ K, ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠷᠳᠤᠭᠤᠷ ,, ᠬᠤᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ,, ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠷ ᠪᠣᠷᠳᠤᠭᠤᠷ P, ᠠᠽᠣᠲ ᠪᠣᠷᠳᠤᠭᠤᠷ N, ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠷᠳᠤᠭᠤᠷ , ᠨᠡᠢᠯᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠷᠳᠤᠭᠤᠷ PKN, ᠭᠠᠩ ᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ , ᠬ

ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄ , ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ᠄ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢᠳᠭᠡᠯ ,,⒈ ᠮᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ , ᠮᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤᠨ᠄ , ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ , ᠮᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ

ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄ ᠳᠣᠯᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ᠄ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨᠲᠠᠷᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ,,⒈ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨᠲᠠᠷᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ , ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠴᠡᠯ᠄ ,, ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ , ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠳᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠡᠢ , ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠤ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠴᠠ ︵ᠨᠣᠴᠤᠬᠤ ᠴᠡᠭ︶ , ᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨᠲᠠᠷᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠄ ,, ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ , ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ︵ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠳᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠡᠢ︶ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤ

ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄ ᠨᠡᠬᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠳᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ,C,C\sCO2\s2CO, ᠦᠨᠳᠣᠷ ᠲᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ,,,,, ᠨᠡᠬᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠳᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠩ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ,,, ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠳᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠩ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠠᠯᠮᠠᠰ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠯ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ,C60, ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠣᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠮᠣᠳᠣᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠣ᠂ ᠬᠡᠣᠷᠡᠰᠣ᠂ ᠬᠦ᠋ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠵᠢᠬᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠣ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ , ᠠᠯᠮᠠᠰ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠪᠠᠯ

ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ᠄ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠂ ᠱᠦᠯᠳᠦ᠂ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ,,⒈ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ , ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ , ᠶᠡᠷᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠰᠣᠳᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠭ᠍ᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠪᠣᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ ,CH3COOH,HCI,H2SO4,H2CO3, ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ,,HNO3,,⒉ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ , ᠦᠩᠭᠡ᠂ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠡᠯ , ᠣᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠯᠣᠩᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ , ᠦᠨᠣᠷ

ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄ , ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ 3,, ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠳᠬᠡᠴᠠ , ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤᠳᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠬᠤ᠃ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠥᠬᠦᠮ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠃ , ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠄ ,, ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ︖ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠥᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ︖ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠲᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ , ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ

ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄ ,, ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ 3 ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠳᠬᠡᠴᠡ ,L ᠠᠯᠢ ᠵᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ , ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠰ , ᠭᠦᠢᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠡ , ᠬᠦᠬᠡ , ᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠡ , ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ , ᠦᠳᠭᠡᠨ , ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠬᠡᠨ ,,, ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠦᠢᠬᠡᠨ ,, ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠮᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠮᠧᠷ ,, ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠳᠬᠠᠯ , ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠰ /G, ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠰ /G, ᠮᠠᠰ /G ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ , ᠭ

ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ 2 ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠷᠳᠣᠭᠤᠷ , ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠲᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ︖ , ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠷᠳᠣᠭᠤᠷ , ᠰᠡᠳᠣᠪ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ 2, ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠳᠠᠬᠳᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ 16 ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ , ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠽᠣᠲ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠷ ᠺᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠣᠴᠢᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠽᠣᠲ ᠪᠣᠷᠳᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠷ ᠪᠣᠷᠳᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ

ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠱᠦᠯᠳᠣ , ᠰᠡᠳᠣᠪ 1 ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠣᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠱᠦᠯᠳᠣ , ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠳᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ︖ , ᠼᠤᠤ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ , ᠨᠢᠮᠪᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ,CH3COOH, ᠲᠠᠪᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ,HCI,H2SO4, ᠭᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ , ᠨᠠᠭᠦᠷᠠᠰᠣᠭᠦ᠋ᠴᠢᠯ ,H2CO3, ᠠᠽᠣᠲ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ,HNO3, ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ , ᠶᠡᠷᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠡᠯᠧᠮ

ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠮᠠᠭᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠴᠡ ᠱᠦᠯᠳᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ PH, ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠩᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠣᠢ︖ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ︖ , ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠱᠦᠯᠳᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠦᠯᠳᠦ

ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄ ᠰᠡᠳᠣᠪ 3 ᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠨᠡᠢᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ , ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠪᠣᠷᠢ , ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠪᠣᠷᠢ , ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ , ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠣᠯ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ , ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠶᠣ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠣᠪ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ , ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ , ᠡᠲ᠋ᠠᠨᠣᠯ , ᠦᠵᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ , ᠴᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯ , ᠣᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ , ᠭᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ , ᠣᠰᠣᠮᠠᠬᠳᠣ ᠨᠠᠲᠷᠢ , ᠾᠯᠣᠷᠳᠣ ᠨᠠᠲᠷᠢ ,CH4,C2H5OH,

ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠣᠷᠠᠯ ,,,, ᠰᠡᠳᠣᠪ 1 ᠬᠦᠮᠣᠨ ᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠯᠬᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ,,,, ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠨᠳᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯ ᠡᠳ᠋ ,, ᠣᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ᠂ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠯ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠰᠣ᠂ ᠸᠢᠲ᠋ᠠᠮᠢᠨ᠂ ᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠰᠣ ᠲᠠᠪᠣᠰᠣ᠂ ᠣᠰᠣ ,,,,, ᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠳᠡᠰ , ᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠰᠣ ᠪᠣᠳᠡᠰ , ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠣᠯ , ᠪᠦᠳᠣᠴᠡ , ᠲᠦᠷᠣᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ , ᠢᠳᠡᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠳ

ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ 课题3图片版.pptx ﹇ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠩᠭᠦᠢ ﹈

ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠤᠮᠤᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠴᠢᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭ ,,,,,,, ᠡᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠡᠯᠤᠮᠤᠨ᠋ᠲ , ᠡᠯᠤᠮᠤᠨ᠋ᠲ ︵11 ᠵᠦᠯ︶ , ᠮᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠲᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ％, ᠡᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠡᠯᠤᠮᠤᠨ᠋ᠲ , ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯ ᠡᠯᠤᠮᠤᠨ᠋ᠲ , ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠳᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ O, ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠳᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ C, ᠤᠰᠤᠳᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ H, ᠠᠽᠣᠲ N