ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ （ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠢᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ） .pptx

第一部分 选题背景与意义,四部分 研究成果与应用, ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠢᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ , ᠸᠧᠢ ᠸᠧᠢ , ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ , ᠬᠦᠦᠷᠨᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠶᠠᠩᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠰᠣᠯᠤᠩᠭᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠦᠨᠦᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠯ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠨᠳᠢᠩᠨᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠲᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ,, ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠮ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠶ᠎ᠠ︕ , ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ , ᠲᠤᠰᠭᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ︵ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠳᠠ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ︶ , ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠲᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ , ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ᠂ ᠨᠡᠢᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠠᠯᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ , ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠳᠠᠯ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ , ᠰᠲ᠋ᠢᠯᠢ — , ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ , ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ — ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ , ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ᠄ , ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠪᠰᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭ᠂ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ᠂ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠲᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠪᠰᠢ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠨᠡᠢᠳᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠣᠨᠤᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠮ᠂ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠢᠭ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠴᠣᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠢᠭ᠂ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ , ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠶᠠᠯᠤ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠭᠠᠲᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠰᠣᠯᠤᠩᠭᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠪᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠷᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ , ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮᠡᠬᠡᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠰᠣᠯᠤᠩᠭᠤᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ,1950 ᠣᠨ ᠲᠤ ,1950 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 10 ᠰᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 25 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ,1953 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 7 ᠰᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ,,,,,, ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ , ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ᠂ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮᠡᠬᠡᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠤᠩᠭᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮᠡᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠣᠯᠤᠩᠭᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮᠡᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ , ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ , ᠸᠧᠢ ᠸᠧᠢ — ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠢ᠃ 1920 ᠣᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠾᠧᠨᠠᠨ ᠮᠣᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠧᠩᠵᠧᠦ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠵᠡᠢ᠃ 1950 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠪᠦᠯ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠰᠣᠯᠤᠩᠭᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠴᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ︽ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠢᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠪᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ , ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ , ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢ , ︽ᠦᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ︾ ,, ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢ ,, ︽ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠲᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠨᠡᠮ︾ , ᠹᠧᠯᠧᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢ ,, ︽ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠯᠠ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ︾ , ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢ ,, ︽ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠢᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ︾ , ᠷᠣᠮᠠᠨ ,, ︽ᠲᠣᠷᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ︾ , ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ , ᠨᠢᠴᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ — , ᠡᠪᠡᠰᠦ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠲᠣᠪᠤ᠃ , ᠠᠮᠢ ᠮᠡᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ — , ᠠᠮᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠮᠡᠯᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ , ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ — , ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠪᠠᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ᠃ , ᠠᠮᠢ ᠵᠤᠯᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠤ — , ᠠᠮᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠡᠩᠳᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠩᠳᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠃ , ᠤᠯᠠᠩᠭᠠᠰᠬᠤ — , ᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠰᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠭᠢᠰ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠵᠤᠯᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ᠂ ᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠰᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠃ , ᠠᠮᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠬᠤ — ,① ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠭᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ᠃ ② ᠤᠯᠠᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠬᠦ᠃ , ᠲᠣᠪᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠮᠤᠢ — , ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠲᠣᠪᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠣᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ᠃ , ᠰᠦᠯᠪᠡᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦ ︹sulwəldən︺ — , ᠵᠢᠳᠠ ᠰᠡᠯᠡᠮ᠎ᠡ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠠ ᠱᠣᠷᠤ ᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠳᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠴᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦ᠃ , ᠤᠪᠠᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ — , ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠬᠤ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠢᠬᠤᠷᠬᠤ᠃ , ᠬᠤᠢᠯᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ — ,① ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠰᠦ᠂ ᠪᠦᠰ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠠᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠬᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ᠄ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠢᠯᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ᠃ ② ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠣᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠨᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ᠄ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠨᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠷᠦᠭ ᠬᠤᠢᠯᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ᠃ ③ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠦ᠋ᠯᠵᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠬᠦ᠄ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠭ ᠨᠣᠪᠰᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠦ᠋ᠯᠵᠠᠬᠤ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠦ᠋ᠯᠵᠠᠬᠤ , ᠢᠨᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠠᠼᠢᠣᠨᠠᠯ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ — , ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠪᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠷᠤᠭ᠌ ᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠨᠡᠢᠲᠡ᠂ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ , ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ,1. ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠢᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ︖ , ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ,2. ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠢᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠢᠴᠠ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ︖ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ᠂ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ︖ ,3. ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠢ︖ ,4. ᠡᠨᠡ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠰ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠦ︖ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠭᠠᠳ︖ , ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠣᠬᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠥᠭᠭᠦᠨ᠂ ᠰᠣᠯᠤᠩᠭᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ ᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠣᠯᠤᠩᠭᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠢᠷᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠰᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠣᠯᠤᠩᠭᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠢᠷᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠵᠤᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠣᠷᠤᠨᠴᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠨᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠠᠼᠢᠣᠨᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ , ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ,, ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ︵1 — 3︶᠄ , ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ︵4 — 14︶᠄ , ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ︵15︶᠄ ,,,, ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠰᠦᠯᠳᠡ᠂ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠴᠢ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ , ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠡᠢᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠢᠴᠠ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ , ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠩᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠢᠪᠤᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠣᠯ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠮᠥᠨ᠂ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠢᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ , ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ — ᠪᠣᠲᠠᠲᠠᠢ — ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ,, ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ , ᠲᠤᠰ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠵᠦ ᠰᠣᠯᠤᠩᠭᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠣᠷᠤᠨᠴᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ᠂ ᠢᠨᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠠᠼᠢᠣᠨᠠᠯ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠭᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠢᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ , ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ,⒈ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠡᠢᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ⒉ ᠬᠦᠦᠷᠨᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠶᠠᠩᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ,