ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄ ᠵ ᠬᠡᠱᠢᠭᠳᠦ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠤᠷᠤ ᠨᠴᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠬᠦᠢᠴ ᠦᠦᠯ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠤᠷᠤᠨᠴᠢ ᠪᠦᠱᠡᠬᠦᠢᠴᠤ ᠤᠰ ᠪᠤᠰ ᠰᠢᠵᠢᠷ ᠡᠷᠢᠨ᠎ ᠤ ᠡᠱᠡᠨᠢᠨ ᠮ ᠠᠨᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠬ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠤᠷᠤᠨᠴᠢ ᠪᠦᠱᠡᠬᠦᠢᠴᠤ ᠤᠰ ᠪᠤᠰ ᠰᠢᠵᠢᠷ ᠡᠷᠢᠨ᠎ ᠤ ᠡᠨᠭᠬᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠦᠨᠭᠭᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷ ᠦᠱᠦ ᠰᠢᠷ ᠦᠢ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠤᠷᠤᠨᠴᠢ ᠪᠦᠱᠡᠬᠦᠢᠴᠤ ᠤᠰ ᠪᠤᠰ ᠰᠢᠵᠢᠷ ᠡᠷᠢᠨ᠎ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠯᠬᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠮᠡ ᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠵ ᠢᠨ ᠡ ᠷᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠃ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠤᠷᠤᠨᠴᠢ ᠪᠦ

ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄ \s1\s                                                                                      

ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄     ,,3       2        1         ,    ,  ,     2         

ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄ ,ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠫ ᠫᠦᠷᠪᠦᠰᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠩ,ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠂ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠥᠬᠥᠴᠡᠯ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠭ᠍ᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠯ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠢᠨ ᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠣᠷ

ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯᠵᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ , ᠰᠲ᠋ᠢᠯᠢ᠄ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ , ᠫᠦ᠋ ᠰᠦᠩ ᠯᠢᠩ , ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ , ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ , ᠫᠦ᠋ ᠰᠦᠩ ᠯᠢᠩ ︵1640\s1715︶ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ\sᠯᠢᠦ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠨᠳᠦ᠋ᠩ ᠽᠢ ᠴᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠢ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ︽ᠯᠢᠶᠤᠤ ᠵᠠᠢ ᡁᠢ ᠠᠢ︾ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤ

ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄ , ᠠᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ , ᠵᠤ᠋ ᠽᠢ ᠴᠢᠩ , ᠰᠲ᠋ᠢᠯᠢ\sᠬᠦᠦᠷᠨᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯ ﹇ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠬᠠᠯ﹈ , ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠄ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠲᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠯᠢᠭ᠂ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠴᠢᠯᠥᠭᠡᠲᠡᠶ᠂ ᠤᠶᠠᠩᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠣᠰᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ᠄ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ

ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠣᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠰᠤᠮᠵᠢ , ᠯ᠊᠂ ᠣᠳᠽᠠᠷ , ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ 202111212105, ᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠱᠣᠭᠳᠣ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠭᠡ , ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠵᠦ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠮᠢᠨᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠤᠳᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠮᠢᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠪᠠ

ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠣᠷ᠎ᠠ,ᠰᠣᠳᠨᠠᠮ,ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠨᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠤᠩᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠲᠤ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠨᠦᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠯᠠ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠡ ᠃,ᠮᠠᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠮᠠᠯ᠂ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ ᠯᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠣᠣᠰᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠭ᠍ᠷᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤ

ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠦᠤ,ᠠ᠊᠂ ᠣᠳᠽᠠᠷ,ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ,1ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ᠋ ᠲᠤᠯᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ 2ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳᠠᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ 3ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠭᠠᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠡᠭᠡ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠪᠢ

ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ ᠬᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ,ᠴ ᠳᠠᠮᠳᠢᠨᠰᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠩ,ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ,① ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭ᠌ᠴᠢ ᠴ ᠳᠠᠮᠳᠢᠨᠰᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠩ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ② ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠃ ③ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠥᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠃ ④ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠢ\sᠬᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠢ\sᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠃,ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ

ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄ ᠺᠢᠷᠢᠯ А Э И,Я О У Ө Үᠤᠭᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠠ᠂ᠠ᠋ ᠡᠧ ᠢ᠂ᠢ᠋ ᠣ ᠤ᠂ᠤ᠋ ᠥ ᠦ᠂ᠦ᠋᠂ᠦ᠋ᠦᠭᠡ᠎ᠶᠢᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠠ᠊᠂ᠡ᠊ ᠡ᠊᠂ᠡ᠋᠊ᠧ᠊ ᠢ᠊᠂ᠢ᠋᠊ ᠣ᠊ ᠤ᠊᠂ᠤ᠋᠊ ᠦ᠊ ᠦ᠊᠂ᠦ᠋᠊ᠦᠭᠡ ᠎ᠶᠢᠨᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠊ᠠ᠊᠂᠊ᠠ᠋᠊ ᠊ᠡ᠊᠊ᠧ᠊ ᠊ᠢ᠊᠂᠊ᠢ᠋᠊᠂᠊ᠢ᠋᠊ ᠊ᠣ᠊᠂᠊ᠣ᠋᠊ ᠊ᠤ᠊᠂᠊ᠤ᠋᠊ ᠊ᠥ᠊᠂᠊ᠥ᠋᠊᠂᠊ᠥ᠋᠊ ᠊ᠦ᠊᠂᠊ᠦ᠋᠊᠂᠊ᠦ᠋᠊ᠦᠭᠡ᠎ᠶᠢᠨᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠂᠊ᠠ᠋᠂ᠠ᠋ ᠊ᠡ᠂᠊ᠡ᠋᠂ᠡ᠋᠊ᠧ ᠊ᠢ ᠊ᠣ᠂᠊ᠣ᠋ ᠊ᠤ᠂᠊ᠤ᠋ ᠊ᠥ᠂᠊ᠥ᠋᠂᠊ᠥ᠋ ᠊ᠦ᠂᠊ᠦ᠋᠂᠊ᠦ᠋ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠲᠣᠯᠣᠭᠠᠢ᠎ᠶᠢᠨ

ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄ ᠃

ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄ �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� ��

ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄ ᠮᠢᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠠᠩᠨᠤᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠬᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ,ᠪ‍᠂ ᠷᠢᠨᠴᠢᠨ,1905–1977,ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ,1ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠯᠣᠳᠣᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠳ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠤᠭ ᠬᠢᠷᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠭᠢᠰ ᠬᠡᠷᠴᠡᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠵᠦᠳᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠭᠠᠰᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠯᠠᠩᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ

ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄ ᠨᠠᠴᠤᠭᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠮᠦᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠠᠪ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ .pdf ﹇ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠩᠭᠦᠢ ﹈