ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠨ 《ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠲᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ》 中国石拱桥.pptx

ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ , ᠮᠣᠣ ᠢ ᠱᠧᠩ ,, ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯᠯᠡᠭᠡ , ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠄ , ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠤᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠤᠳᠤ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡ᠂ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ , ᠵᠤᠭᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ , ᠮᠣᠣ ᠢ ᠱᠧᠩ ︵1896-1989︶ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠨ᠂ ᠫᠷᠦᠹᠧᠰᠰᠤᠷ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩᠰᠤ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠧᠨ ᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ᠃ , ᠵᠤᠭᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ , ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠳ᠋ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ︽ᠶᠢᠰᠦ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ︾ ᠨᠡᠢᠭᠡᠮᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠳ᠋ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠦ᠋ᠭᠨᠢᠭ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠭᠡᠮᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠳ᠋ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠦ᠋ᠭᠨᠢᠭ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠭᠡᠮᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠢᠳᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ 1920 ᠣᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠠᠪᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠮᠣ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠵᠤ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ︽ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ︾ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠮᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ , ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠯ , ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ [ɡʊldɑŋ ] 1. ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠰᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠷᠢᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2. ᠨᠣᠮᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠨᠤᠮᠤ [nʊm] [nɔm] [nʊm] ᠨᠤᠮᠤ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ ᠨᠤᠮᠤ [nʊm] ᠨᠤᠮᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠯᠢᠳᠴᠤ [xondoltoʧ] ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ [ɑʊɡɑː] [ʊːɡɑː] ᠡᠭᠡᠨᠡᠭᠲᠡ [əɡnəɡt] ─ ᠢᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠ᠂ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡᠲᠡ , ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠯ , ᠮᠥᠭᠡᠷ [moːr] ─ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠢ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ , ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠯ , ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠰᠬᠡ [xərsəɡ] ─ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠪᠴᠢ , ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠯ ,, ᠴᠤᠬᠤᠶᠢᠵᠤ ─ [ʧɔxɔiʤ] [ʧʊxʊiʤ] ᠢᠷᠮᠡᠭᠦᠨ ─ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠰᠢᠪᠡᠨᠡᠯᠳᠦᠵᠦ ─ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠭᠡᠨᠴᠢᠷ [xəːnʧir] ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠳ ᠰᠢᠷᠪᠦᠰᠥᠲᠦ ᠪᠧᠲ᠋ᠤᠨ ─ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠳ ᠤᠲᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠰᠢᠷᠪᠦᠰᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠱᠦᠢᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠳᠬᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ , ᠰᠲ᠋ᠢᠯᠢ , ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ,, ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯᠯᠡᠭᠡ , ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠄ , ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ,, ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ︖ , ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ , ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤᠨ᠄ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡ , ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ , ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠶᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ,, ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ︖ , ᠵᠤᠥ ᠵᠸᠦ ᠴᠢᠶᠣᠥ , ᠯᠦ ᠭᠸᠦ ᠴᠢᠶᠣᠥ ,, ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠵᠤᠥ ᠵᠸᠥ ᠴᠢᠶᠤᠦ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ᠂ ᠴᠤᠭᠴᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ᠂ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠡᠷᠡᠢ᠃ , ᠵᠤᠥ ᠵᠸᠦ ᠴᠢᠶᠣᠥ , ᠪᠠᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ᠄ ᠰᠢᠶᠣᠥ ᠾᠧ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠠᠮᠨᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ , ᠴᠤᠭᠴᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠨᠡᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 605 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠶ᠎ᠡ , ᠪᠥᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ,1. ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠯᠬᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ 2. ᠲᠤᠮᠤ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠮᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ 3. ᠨᠤᠮᠤᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ 4. ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡ ᠰᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ᠃ ,,, ᠵᠤᠥ ᠵᠸᠦ ᠴᠢᠶᠣᠥ ,, ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡ᠂ ᠯᠦ ᠭᠸᠦ ᠴᠢᠶᠤᠦ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ᠂ ᠴᠤᠭᠴᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ᠂ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠡᠷᠡᠢ᠃ , ᠯᠦ ᠭᠸᠦ ᠴᠢᠶᠣᠥ , ᠪᠠᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ᠄ ᠶᠦᠩ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠩ ᠾᠧ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ , ᠴᠤᠭᠴᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ᠄ ᠨᠡᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 1189-1192 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ , ᠪᠥᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ᠄ 1. ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢ ᠴᠤᠭᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 2. ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠪ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ᠃ 3. ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠤᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ᠃ 4. ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠪᠢᠰᠴᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠰᠭᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠴᠤᠭᠴᠠᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 5. ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠰᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠰᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠢᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ,, ᠯᠦ ᠭᠸᠦ ᠴᠢᠶᠣᠥ ,, ᠲᠠᠪᠤ᠂ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠢᠮᠦ ᠭᠢᠯᠠᠯᠵᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠢ︖ , ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠮᠦᠷᠢᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠮᠦᠷᠢ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠶᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 2. ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ 3. ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ,,1. ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ᠄ ︵ᠵᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ︶ 2. ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠤᠯᠳᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ᠄ ︵ᠵᠤᠤ ᠵᠸᠦ ᠴᠢᠶᠣᠣ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ︶ 3. ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮᠡᠬᠡᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮᠡᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯᠵᠡᠬᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ᠄ ︵ᠯᠦ ᠭᠸᠦ ᠴᠢᠶᠣᠣ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ︶ ,,4. ᠯᠦ ᠭᠸᠦ ᠴᠢᠶᠣᠣ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ︽ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ︾ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠭᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ᠄ ︵ᠮᠡᠷᠺᠦ ᠫᠤᠯᠣ᠋︶ 5. ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠮᠤ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ᠄ ︵ᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠰᠣᠯᠤᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ︶ ,, ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯᠯᠡᠭᠡ ,, ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ , ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠤᠲᠠᠳᠠᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠳᠬᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ,, ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ,,,, ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠲᠠᠲᠠᠢ ︵ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ︶ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢ ᠴᠤᠭᠴᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢ ᠴᠤᠭᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ,,, ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ , ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ , ᠵᠤᠥ ᠵᠧᠦ ᠴᠢᠶᠤᠥ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ , ᠯᠦ ᠭᠸᠦ ᠴᠢᠶᠤᠥ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ , ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ , ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ , ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠠᠢ ,,, ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠯᠬᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ 37.5 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠁ , ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢ ᠴᠤᠭᠴᠠ , ᠲᠤᠮᠤ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠮᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠁ ᠁ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠨᠢ 28 ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠮᠥᠬᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢᠲᠦ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠵᠡᠢ᠃ , ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ,,, ︽ᠵᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ︾ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 282 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠴᠤᠭᠴᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ︽ᠵᠤᠥ ᠵᠸᠦ ᠴᠢᠶᠣᠥ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ︾ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 605 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠴᠤᠭᠴᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ︽ᠯᠦ ᠭᠸᠦ ᠴᠢᠶᠣᠥ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ︾ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 1189-1192 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠴᠤᠭᠴᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ︽ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠤᠯᠤᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡ︾ 1961 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠤᠭᠴᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃ , ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ,, ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ , ᠲᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠦᠢᠷᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠤᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ,555,222,333,444,111,666,777,, ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠤᠯᠤᠩᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠮᠣ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ,, ᠵᠦᠢᠷᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ , ᠲᠤᠮᠤ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠳᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠤᠮᠤ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ , ᠵᠦᠢᠷᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ , ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠷᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ,, ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠤᠲᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠾᠪᠸᠢ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠤᠥ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠤᠥ ᠵᠸᠥ ᠴᠢᠶᠤᠦ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠯᠦ ᠭᠸᠦ ᠴᠢᠶᠤᠦ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ , ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ , ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠲᠠᠳᠠᠢ᠂ ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠴᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠁ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠁ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ,, ᠶᠦᠩ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠩ ᠾᠧ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠷᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠢᠷᠮᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠰᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠰᠡᠲᠡᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠴᠦ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠡᠷᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠴᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠦᠨᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ , ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ,, ᠵᠤᠥ ᠵᠧᠦ ᠴᠢᠶᠤᠥ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠶᠡᠷᠦ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ 58.2 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ᠃ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠰᠴᠤ 9 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ , ᠯᠦ ᠭᠸᠦ ᠴᠢᠶᠤᠥ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ︽ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ 256 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ᠂ 11 ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠳᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠤᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ 16 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ 21.6 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠣᠢ︾ , ᠲᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ , ᠵᠤᠥ ᠵᠧᠦ ᠴᠢᠶᠤᠥ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠯᠦ ᠭᠸᠦ ᠴᠢᠶᠤᠥ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ᠂ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ,, ᠲᠠᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠵᠢᠶ᠋ᠨ ᠵᠧᠨ ᠤ ︽ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠨ ᠴᠤᠭᠴᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠤᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭ᠂ ᠡᠭᠡᠨᠡᠭᠲᠡ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡ︾ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠵᠦᠸᠧ ᠶᠢᠨ ︽ᠰᠢᠨᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠴᠤᠬᠤᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠯᠤᠩᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠯᠠᠮᠤᠢ︾ ᠮᠠᠷᠺᠦ ᠫᠤᠯᠤ᠋ ᠶᠢᠨ ︽ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ︾ ︽ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠲᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠰᠭᠦᠯᠡᠩ ᠢ ᠭᠤᠶᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠵᠠᠢ︾ , ᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ , ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ,, ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ , ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤ᠄ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢ ᠴᠤᠭᠴᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠭᠯ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠢ ᠴᠤᠭᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠪᠠ᠃ , ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤ᠄ ᠯᠦ ᠭᠸᠦ ᠴᠢᠶᠣᠥ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩᠲᠤ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠰᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠢᠯᠪᠡ᠃ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠯᠢᠭ᠂ ᠭᠤᠸ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠰᠭᠦᠯᠡᠩ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠰᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠪᠡ᠃ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤ᠄ ᠵᠦᠢᠷᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ,, ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ , ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤ᠄ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ᠂ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠠᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠭᠤᠤᠯᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ,