ᠬᠤᠨᠢᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ .docx

︽ᠬᠣ ᠨᠢᠴᠢ ᠨ ᠠ ᠪᠤ ᠢ ᠋ᠢ ᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠤᠷ ᠲ ᠤ ︾ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠸᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪ ᠡᠯᠡᠳ ᠭᠡᠰᠵᠤ ᠬᠤᠴᠢᠸᠡᠯ ᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠣ ᠨ᠄ ᠨᠠᠢ᠍ᠰ ᠠᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠲ ᠤᠤᠷᠠ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠴᠢ ᠸᠡᠯᠯᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠠ ᠪᠭᠣ : ᠠ ᠡᠭᠬ ᠠ ᠬ ᠤᠸᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠴᠢᠸᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠴ ᠤ᠄ ᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠸᠡᠯ ᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠄ ᠬᠤᠴ ᠢᠸᠡᠯ ᠲ ᠦᠷᠦᠯ᠄ ᠮᠤᠪᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬ ᠤ ᠠ ᠭᠤᠯᠭ ᠠ᠄ ᠬᠣᠨ ᠢᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠤ ᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬ ᠤ ᠬ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲ ᠠ᠄ ᠮᠡᠳᠡ ᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠢᠲ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠤ 1᠂ ᠣᠷᠠ ᠭᠤ ᠰᠢᠯ ᠦᠭᠯ ᠢᠭ ᠥ ᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠤ᠂ ᠠᠰ ᠢᠳᠤ ᠲᠦ ᠷᠰᠦᠯ ᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠯᠭᠡ ᠵᠤ ᠨᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯ ᠴᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠡᠯ ᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡ ᠷᠡᠰᠵ ᠤ ᠪ ᠠᠨ ᠳᠡ ᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡ ᠭᠦᠯᠦ ᠨ ᠡ᠃ 2᠂ ᠵᠣᠬ ᠤᠸᠠᠭᠴᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠬ ᠤᠸᠠᠰᠵ ᠤ᠂ ᠰᠡᠳ ᠭᠤᠰᠵ ᠤ᠂ ᠤᠷ ᠠ ᠳᠠ ᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠴᠤ ᠡᠵ ᠡᠰᠰᠢᠨ ᠡ᠃ ᠶᠠᠪᠤ ᠴᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠷᠭ ᠠ ᠤᠷᠢ ᠳᠴᠢ ᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠡ ᠭᠰᠢᠵ ᠤ ᠣᠢᠯ ᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦ ᠭᠡᠤ ᠦ ᠭᠡ ᠥ ᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠡ ᠭᠰᠢᠯᠭ ᠠ ᠢ᠋ᠢ ᠨ ᠪᠤ ᠭᠤᠰ ᠳᠠ ᠶᠤ ᠲᠠᠪᠠ ᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠠᠳᠠ ᠭ ᠲᠠ ᠤ ᠵ ᠤᠢᠯ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠰ ᠵᠢᠯᠴ ᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠢ ᠳᠪᠦ ᠷᠢᠯᠡ ᠨ ᠡ᠃ ᠣᠪ ᠣᠷ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠤ ᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠦ ᠷᠲᠡᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠵᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠵᠣᠯ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠰᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠯ ᠢᠹ ᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠳᠤᠨ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠤ ᠨᠠᠯ ᠤ ᠨ ᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠠᠪᠢᠷ ᠠ ᠵᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠬ ᠡ ᠤᠯ ᠤᠱ ᠢᠹᠡ ᠨ ᠬ ᠠᠢᠷᠠ ᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠥ ᠰᠦᠵᠢ ᠯ ᠬᠦ ᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠡ᠃ ᠵᠢᠭᠠ ᠬᠤ ᠭᠤ ᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠯᠭ ᠠ ᠄ ᠵ ᠣᠬᠤ ᠸᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭ ᠡᠯ ᠪᠣ ᠷᠤᠭᠵ ᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠮᠦ ᠷᠳᠡ ᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠰᠢ ᠳᠦ ᠲᠦ ᠷᠰᠦᠯ ᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠤ ᠡᠵᠡᠰ ᠰᠢᠵ ᠦ ᠦ ᠯᠢᠭᠡ ᠷᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡ ᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠡ᠃ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬ ᠤ ᠬ ᠦᠴᠢᠷᠳ ᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠄ ᠠ ᠭᠤᠯ ᠭ ᠠ ᠤᠳ ᠬ ᠠ ᠰᠠᠨᠠ ᠭ ᠠ ᠶᠤ ᠣᠢᠯ ᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢ ᠸᠠᠡᠭ ᠭᠤᠢᠯ ᠠᠨ ᠠ᠃ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬ ᠤ ᠵ ᠠᠪᠭᠤ ᠯᠠᠭ ᠠ᠄ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠰᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠷᠰ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬ ᠤ ᠠ ᠷᠭ ᠠ᠄ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠰᠤ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠡ ᠪᠬᠡ ᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦ ᠨ ᠬᠥ ᠲᠦᠯ ᠬᠦ᠂ ᠤᠪᠰ ᠢᠨ ᠰᠡ ᠳᠭᠤ ᠭᠦᠯᠵ ᠦ ᠬ ᠣᠷᠰᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯ ᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬ ᠤ ᠪ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠄ ᠪᠢᠴ ᠢᠭ᠌᠂ ᠤᠯ ᠠᠨ ᠵ ᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷ᠂ ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠲᠥ ᠰᠦᠪ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬ ᠤ ᠶ ᠠᠪᠤᠴ ᠠ᠄ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠂ ᠬᠤᠴᠢ ᠸᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠥ ᠲᠦᠯ ᠬᠦ ᠄ ᠮ ᠠᠤ ᠲᠡ ᠷᠢᠭᠦ ᠯᠡᠭᠴᠤ ᠂ ᠨᠠ ᠯ ᠵ ᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠ ᠤ ᠪᠣ ᠳᠤᠯ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠤ ᠯ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠡᠨ ᠲᠡ ᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠡ᠃ ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠷ ᠂ ᠤᠡ ᠭᠰᠢᠯᠭ ᠠ ᠪᠡ ᠷ ᠲᠠ ᠰᠵᠢᠨ ᠠᠰᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦ ᠷᠰᠦᠯ ᠢᠭ ᠬ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠤ ᠲᠡᠰᠲᠡ ᠭᠯᠡᠵ ᠦ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠨ ᠠ᠃ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠰᠢᠢ ᠳᠪᠦ ᠷᠢᠯᠡ ᠵᠦ ᠲᠡ ᠢᠯᠦᠭᠰ ᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠭᠡᠤ ᠦ ᠭᠡ ᠦ ᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠪᠤᠷᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠ ᠰᠳᠤ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠶ ᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠰᠢ ᠢᠳᠪᠦ ᠷᠢᠯᠡ ᠨ ᠡ᠃ ᠲᠥ ᠷᠪᠡ᠂ ᠵᠣᠬ ᠤᠸᠠᠭᠴᠤ ᠢ᠋ ᠢᠨ ᠬᠡ ᠷᠬᠤ ᠨ ᠦ ᠢᠯᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤ ᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ᠋ ᠢᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠳ ᠭᠤᠰᠵ ᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠷᠢ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠ ᠨ ᠠ ᠷᠭ ᠠ ᠶᠤ ᠮᠥ ᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠭ ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢ ᠸᠡᠡᠭ ᠭᠤᠢᠯ ᠠᠨ ᠠ᠃ ᠲᠠᠪᠤ᠂ ᠰᠡ ᠳᠭᠤ ᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠤ ᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠ ᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭ ᠠ᠂ ᠪᠢᠴ ᠢᠭᠰᠡ ᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠤ ᠤᠪᠰ ᠢᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠ ᠃ ᠲᠤᠯ ᠤᠭ ᠠ᠂ ᠦ ᠸᠡᠯᠵ ᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠠ ᠭᠰᠠ ᠨ ᠴᠡ ᠪᠬᠡ ᠷ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠳᠡ ᠭᠡᠭᠦ ᠷ᠂ ᠬᠦ ᠨᠳᠡᠯ ᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠦᠭ ᠰᠡᠨ ᠥ ᠷᠭᠡ ᠨ ᠬᠥ ᠭᠦᠷᠭ ᠡ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰ ᠳᠠᠬᠠ ᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠰᠡᠢᠯ ᠤᠰᠡᠯ ᠬᠡ ᠲᠠ ᠤ ᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠢᠭ ᠬᠠᠢᠰᠠᠩ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠳᠡᠷᠭ ᠡᠳᠡ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠ ᠨ ᠠ ᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠬᠥ ᠰᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠪᠠ ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠷᠭᠤ ᠬᠥᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠨᠳᠤᠷ ᠨ ᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠲᠠ ᠤ᠂ ᠥ ᠷᠭᠡ ᠨ ᠮᠥ ᠷᠦ ᠲᠠᠤ᠂ ᠠᠯ ᠤᠱ ᠢ᠋ ᠰᠢᠷ ᠳᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦ ᠨ ᠢ᠋ ᠰᠡᠳ ᠭᠤᠵᠡ ᠤ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠬᠠ ᠢᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠷᠢ ᠳᠤᠭᠴᠤ ᠮᠠᠦ ᠽᠸ ᠳᠦ ᠩ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠠᠸᠠ ᠰᠤᠪ ᠭᠤᠤ ᠪᠥᠭᠡ ᠳ ᠲᠥ ᠪ ᠶ ᠡᠬᠡᠰ ᠰᠦᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠷᠤ ᠮᠥ ᠨ᠃ ︽ ᠪᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠢ ᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠥ ᠰᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠤᠴᠢ ᠷ ᠠ ᠴᠠ ᠪᠢᠳ ᠡ ᠡᠢᠰ ᠤ ᠤᠬᠠ ᠭ ᠠ ᠲᠠᠤ᠂ ᠡᠢᠰ ᠤ ᠤᠬᠠ ᠰᠰᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤ ᠳᠠᠭ ᠶᠤᠯ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠥᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠪᠢᠳ ᠡ ᠪᠦ ᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ᠌᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠂ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ᠂ ᠰᠥᠰᠦ ᠮ ᠥᠨ᠃ ︾ ᠨᠠᠢ ᠍ᠰ ᠠ᠂ ᠳᠠᠰᠬᠠ ᠯ ᠶᠢ᠍ᠰᠤ ᠂ ᠰᠠ ᠰᠪᠠᠷᠠ ᠯᠠᠭ ᠠ ᠬᠣᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠪ ᠤ ᠢ ᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ᠄ ᠴᠣᠭᠰ ᠤᠩ ᠴᠠᠭ᠄ ᠡᠪᠤᠯ ᠤ ᠨ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠ ᠷ: ᠬᠣ ᠨᠢᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠪ ᠤ ᠢ ᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠤᠷ ᠲ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠠᠯ ᠤ ᠨ ᠰᠢ ᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠄ ᠵᠠ ᠪᠰᠢᠶ ᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠢᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠳ᠂ ᠴᠤᠭᠰ ᠤᠡᠭ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠮᠣᠷ ᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠠᠯ ᠤ ᠨ ᠦᠡ ᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠯᠳᠡ᠄ ᠬᠣᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠪ ᠤ ᠲᠠ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴ ᠢ ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠷᠦᠨ ᠂ ᠬᠣ ᠨᠢᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠪ ᠤ ᠢ ᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠤᠷ ᠲᠡ ᠬᠢ ᠡ ᠷᠬᠢᠮ ᠨᠠᠨᠳ ᠢᠨ ᠪ ᠡᠯᠡᠭ ᠤ ᠨ ᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠡᠷ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠ ᠨ ⑴ ᠬᠣ ᠨᠢᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠪ ᠤ ᠢ ᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠬ ᠢ ᠪᠡ ᠯᠡᠭ ᠤ ᠨ ᠣᠨ ᠢᠰᠤᠭ ᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠤᠭ ᠰᠠᠨ ⑵ ᠬᠣ ᠨᠢᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠪ ᠤ ᠢ ᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴ ᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠭᠡ ᠮ ᠳ᠋ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠵᠤᠪᠠ ᠭᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠦ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠰᠡᠨ ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠ ᠯ ᠤ ᠨ ᠦᠷ ᠡ ᠳ᠋ ᠦᠡᠭ ᠄ ᠬᠣ ᠨᠢᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠢ ᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠ ᠨ ᠦ ᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ ︽ ᠪᠢ ︾ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠤᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠡ ᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪ ᠡ᠃ ᠵᠣᠯ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠᠯᠳ ᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳ ᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠢᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠨᠳ ᠢᠡᠭᠨᠠ ᠬᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠤᠬ ᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ ᠃ ︽ᠬᠣᠨᠢᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠪ ᠤ ᠢ ᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ︾ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠢᠴ ᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯ ᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠲ ᠠᠰᠤ 【 】 ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠵᠣᠬ ᠢᠶᠠᠭ ᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ ᠢᠨ ᠳᠡ ᠨᠢᠯᠴ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ ᠠ ᠨᠠ᠊᠂ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠲᠤ ︱ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠤᠰ ᠤᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠷ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠦᠶ ᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤ ᠷᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠢᠯᠠᠭ ᠴᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡ ᠳ ᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠷᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭᠴ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠠ᠃ 19 14 .2.2 3 ᠤ ᠡᠳ ᠤᠷ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯ ᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠯᠦ ᠬᠥᠬ ᠡ ︵ᠣᠳᠣ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠢ ᠯᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠭᠣ ᠣᠯ ᠠᠢᠮᠠ ᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢ ᠯᠦᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠥ ᠬᠡ ︶ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠣ ᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠡ ᠩᠭᠡᠰᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠡᠪᠤᠯ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠨ ᠳ᠋ ᠤ ᠲᠥᠷ ᠦᠵᠡᠢ᠃ 1 92 8ᠤ ᠨ ᠳ᠋ ᠤ ᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠ ᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪ ᠠᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠂ 1 93 6ᠤ ᠨ ᠳ᠋ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠵᠠᠯᠠ ᠭᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ᠂ ᠬᠢᠳᠡᠳ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠴ ᠤ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠤᠰ ᠤᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠭ ᠠ ᠵᠣᠬ ᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠪ ᠲᠠ ᠢ ᠳᠠ ᠨᠢᠯᠴ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵ ᠡᠢ᠃ 19 37 ︱19 42 ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠷᠳᠠᠯ ᠠ ᠶ ᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴ ᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 19 45 ︱19 47 ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠷᠳᠡᠯ ᠡ ᠪᠦ ᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠ ᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠷ ᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠬ ᠡᠪᠡᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠷ ᠨᠡ ᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢᠳ ᠤ ᠰᠢ ᠨ ᠡ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡ ᠬᠡᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠵᠠ ᠢ᠃ 19 73 .5.13 ᠤ ᠡ ᠳᠤᠷ ᠱᠠᠩᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠦᠮᠡ ᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠡᠳᠴ ᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠭᠣ ᠣᠯ ᠪᠦ ᠳᠦᠬᠡ ᠯ᠄ ︽ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠯ ᠪᠡ ᠬᠠᠨᠢ ︾ ︽ᠡᠯᠡᠰᠤ ᠮᠡᠩᠬ ᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠨᠤᠳ ᠤᠭ ︾ ︽ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠳ ᠤᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠨ ︾ ︽ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠷ ︾ ︽ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦ ᠴᠦᠷᠬᠡᠭ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠨ ︾ ︽ᠬᠥᠬ ᠡ ᠳᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠷ ᠯᠢᠭ ︾ ︽ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠯ ︾ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠂ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯ ᠵᠢᠯᠠ ᠭ ᠠ ᠢ ᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠷ ᠤ ᠢ ᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳ ᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯ ᠵᠢᠯᠠ ᠭ ᠠ ︱ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠶ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠ ᠷ ᠣᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯ ᠵᠢᠯᠠ ᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠡᠷ ᠪᠢ ᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡ ᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠴᠢᠭᠰ ᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠣᠬ ᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ ᠣ ᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ᠄ 1᠂ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ᠂ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡ ᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳ ᠠᠢ᠃ 2᠂ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯ ᠵᠢᠯᠠ ᠭ ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠵᠣᠬ ᠢᠶᠠᠭ ᠴᠢ ᠵᠣᠷ ᠢᠯᠭ ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪ ᠡᠷ ᠬᠢᠳᠡᠭ᠃ 3᠂ ᠬᠦᠦᠷᠨᠢᠨ ᠥᠭᠦ ᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴ ᠠ ᠳ᠋ ᠤ ᠵᠣᠬ ᠢᠶᠠᠭ ᠴᠢ ᠦᠵᠡ ᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠰᠣᠨᠤᠰ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠭᠰ ᠡᠨ ᠲᠥᠷ ᠦᠭᠳᠡ ᠯ ᠢ ᠢᠡ ᠨ ᠪᠢ ᠴᠢᠵᠤ ᠣᠷ ᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳ ᠠᠢ᠃ 4᠂ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠠᠷ ᠭ ᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠤᠷ ᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠷ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠵᠤᠬ ᠢᠰᠳᠠ ᠢ ᠬᠡ ᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡ ᠵᠤ ᠤ ᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠤ ᠨ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭ ᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠠ ᠢ᠃ 【 】 ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠂ ᠦ ᠭᠡᠱ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠰᠠᠡᠭ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠠ ᠰᠳᠤᠭᠤ ᠯᠤᠯ ᠭᠠᠪᠬᠤᠬᠤ ︱ ᠪᠠᠷᠢ ᠭᠠᠳᠠ ︱ ︵ ᠥ ᠪᠭᠡ ᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡ ᠨ ᠳ ᠤ ︶ ᠬᠥ ᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠤᠰ ᠬᠤᠨ᠂ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵ ᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠵᠠᠬᠤ ᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦ ᠨᠳᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠴᠤ᠃ ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠣ ᠭ ᠠᠴᠠᠭ ᠠ ᠵᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠠ ᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ ᠠ᠃ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠯᠠᠬᠤ ︱ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠤ ᠬᠥ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠦ ︱ ᠲᠦ ᠢᠪᠤ ᠷ ︱ᠶᠠᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠹᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠯ ᠠ ᠠ ᠸᠠᠯᠠᠬ ᠤ ᠪᠤ ᠸᠤ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠠ ᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠯ ᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤ ᠳᠠᠭ ᠳᠠ ᠸᠠᠭ ᠮᠡᠳᠤ ᠮᠣᠳᠤ᠃ ᠰᠡᠳ ᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠥ ᠪᠬᠤ ᠬᠦ ︱ ᠭᠤᠤ ︱ ᠵᠢ ᠷᠤᠭ ᠬᠥ ᠷᠦᠭ᠂ ᠳᠤᠯ ᠤ ᠵ ᠡᠷᠭ ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠷᠢᠷ ᠡ᠃ ᠠᠰᠪᠠ ᠨ ᠨᠣᠸ ᠠᠨ ︱ ᠮᠠ ᠨᠵᠤ ᠡ ᠴᠡ ᠮᠣᠪᠭᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠ ᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠭᠠᠵ ᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠭᠰᠠ ᠨ ᠲᠥ ᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠ ᠢᠳ᠃ ᠤᠯ ᠢᠸᠠᠰᠤᠳᠠ ᠤ ᠠ ᠰᠪᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦ ᠷᠢᠸᠡ ᠨ ᠤ ᠠ ᠰᠪᠠᠨ᠃ ᠮᠥ ᠷᠦ ᠪᠥ ᠳᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠡ ᠰᠤ ᠴᠠ ᠳᠭᠤ ᠯᠠᠩ ︱ ᠬᠦ ᠯᠦᠰᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠭᠤᠬᠤ ︱ ᠪᠥ ᠬᠦᠭᠡ ︱ ᠨᠠ ᠷᠠ᠂ ᠰᠠ ᠯᠬᠣ ᠵᠡᠷᠭ ᠡ ᠵ ᠦᠢ ᠯ ᠡ ᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠯᠠ ᠵᠤ ᠪᠦ ᠷᠬᠦ ᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠭ ᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠥ ᠬᠦᠯ ᠣᠷᠤᠰ ᠴᠤ᠃ ᠨᠢᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠤ ᠯᠠᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ︱ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠬᠠ ᠷᠠᠪᠭᠤᠢ ᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠳᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠯᠠᠷᠠ ᠬᠤ ︱ ᠬᠦ ᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠯᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡ ᠨ ︱ ᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠰᠳᠠ ᠬᠠ ᠷᠠᠯᠠ ᠬᠤ ︱ ᠬᠡᠭᠦ ᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠤ ᠳᠡ ᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠦ ︱ ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠰᠳᠠ ᠵᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠬᠤ ︱ ᠠᠰᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤ ᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠨ ᠠᠸ ᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠠ ︱ ᠠ ᠰᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠯ ᠤ ᠨ ᠵᠠ ᠯ ᠳᠡ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ ᠰᠠ ᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠬᠠ ᠨ ᠤᠴᠠ ᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠸᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠠ᠃ ᠬᠥ ᠷᠵᠡᠩ ︱ ᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠢᠭ ︱ ᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠤ ᠸᠤ ᠬᠠᠷ ᠠ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠷᠠᠯ ᠂ ᠬᠦ ᠷᠡᠩ ᠵᠡᠷᠭ ᠡ ᠥ ᠪᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠢ ᠸᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠷ ᠲᠠ ᠤ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠡ ᠯ ᠬᠤ ᠯᠪᠠᠭ ᠠ ᠲᠠ ᠤ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰ ᠡᠭᠯᠡ ᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠢ ᠯᠦᠰᠡ ᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠷᠢᠯᠭ ᠠ ᠳ ᠤ ᠬᠡ ᠷᠡᠭᠯ ᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠯ ᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠢᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠢᠰᠠᠩ ︱ ᠬᠥ ᠯᠰᠦᠭ ᠳᠠ ᠳᠠᠬᠤ ︱ ᠴᠠᠩ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠ ᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠ ᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠ ᠵᠠᠤ᠃ ᠰᠠᠭᠰᠤᠷᠭ ᠠ ︱ ᠬᠦ ᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠣᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠ ᠯᠠᠭ ᠠ ᠨᠠᠢᠯ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠳᠡ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ ᠴᠠ ᠷᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠ ᠨ ᠠ ᠭᠤᠷ᠂ ᠴᠠ ᠩ᠃ ᠴᠠᠩ ᠰᠠ ᠭᠰᠤᠷᠭ ᠠ ᠬ ᠤᠪ ᠭᠤᠷᠴᠠᠭᠯ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ︱ ᠴᠠ ᠩ ᠰᠠᠭᠰᠤᠷᠭ ᠠ ᠪᠦ ᠬᠡᠰᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠬᠥ ᠯᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠃ ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠷ ᠂ ᠬᠤᠴᠢ ᠸᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠯ ᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠡ ᠭᠭᠤᠳᠠ ᠭ ᠦ ᠭᠡᠱ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠠ ᠰᠳᠤ ᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯ ⒈ ᠮᠢ ᠨᠣ ᠡᠪᠤ ᠷ ᠲ ᠤ ᠪᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠢ ᠩ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ ᠠ ᠰᠢᠤ ︱ ᠠ ᠭᠤᠤ ᠨᠠᠯ᠂ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠦ ᠳᠡ ᠷᠢᠬᠦ ᠯᠡᠭᠴᠤ ᠂ ᠡᠬ ᠡ ᠤᠯ ᠤᠱ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠹᠡᠨ ᠬᠠ ᠢᠷ ᠠ ᠬ ᠠᠯᠠᠰᠵ ᠤ᠂ ᠠᠴᠤ ᠭᠠ ᠪᠢᠷ ᠠ ᠵᠤ ᠡᠭᠦ ᠷᠢᠳᠡ ᠮᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠦ ᠭᠡᠤ᠃ ⒉ᠪᠥ ᠮᠠᠪᠬᠠ ᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠤ ᠵᠤ ᠬᠣᠷᠰ ᠤᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠹᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠷ ᠪᠢᠵ ᠤ᠂ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠥ ᠭᠰᠡ ᠵᠤ ᠳᠤᠢ ᠪᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠹᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠹᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠰᠢ ᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤ ᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣ ᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠴᠢᠬ ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮ ᠢᠨᠤ ᠰᠣᠨ ᠤᠷ ᠲ ᠤ ᠪᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠢ ᠩ ᠤ ᠨ ᠳᠠ ᠭᠤ ᠰᠣᠨ ᠤᠰᠳᠠ ᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠮ ᠢᠨᠤ ᠳᠣᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠤ ᠽᠸ ᠳᠦ ᠩ ᠤ ᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠯ ᠰᠢᠪᠬᠡ ᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠ ᠭ ᠶ ᠤᠯ ︱ ᠡᠬ ᠡᠯ ᠵᠢᠷ ᠤ ᠨ ᠮᠠ ᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣ ᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠨᠠ ᠯ ᠵᠠᠰᠠ ᠭ ᠤ ᠨ ᠢᠹ ᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠬ ᠣᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠤ᠂ ᠵᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠤ ᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠬᠠ ᠷᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠨ ᠤᠰᠴᠤ᠂ ᠮᠠᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠢ ᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠭᠴᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠹᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠬᠤ ᠷ ᠠ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠯ ᠢ ᠋ᠢ ᠡᠨ ᠡᠭᠦ ᠷᠢᠳᠡ ᠴᠡ ᠬᠡᠵᠢ ᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠠᠭ᠃ ⒊ᠪᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠩ ᠪᠢᠳ ᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦ ᠭᠡ ᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠷᠢ ᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠢ ᠳᠡ ᠪᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠥ ᠭᠡ ᠵᠤ ᠰᠣᠨ ᠤᠰᠴᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤ ᠳᠠᠭ ︱ ᠨᠠ ᠯ ᠵ ᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠪᠤ ᠯ ᠠ ᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦ ᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪ ᠠᠨ ᠲᠥ ᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢ ᠯᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠ ᠳ ᠲᠦ ᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠤ ᠨᠠᠯ ᠵᠠᠰᠠ ᠭ ᠤ ᠨ ᠢᠹ ᠡᠨ ᠵ ᠠᠬᠤᠷ ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠭᠠᠪᠦ ᠷᠤ ᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠳᠤ ᠴᠡ ᠬᠡᠵᠢ ᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠸᠠᠯᠠᠬ ᠦᠯᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠠᠭ᠃ ⒋ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠥ ᠰᠦᠨ ᠪᠣ ᠯ ᠪᠢᠳ ᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ᠌᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠦ ᠬᠡ᠂ ᠨᠢᠳᠤᠨ ᠤᠨ᠂ ᠰᠥ ᠰᠦ ᠮᠥ ᠨ ︱ᠠᠴᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠦ ᠳᠠᠷᠢ ᠬᠦᠯᠡ ᠭᠴᠤ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠥ ᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠯᠡᠭᠦ ᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡ ᠨ ᠳᠤᠰ ᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯ ᠤᠱ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠ ᠰᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠯ ᠨᠤ ᠠᠷᠠ ᠳ ᠲᠦ ᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠸ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ᠌ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡ ᠭᠦᠯᠵ ᠦ᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠰᠡ ᠳᠭᠤ ᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠠ ᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯ ᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠨ ᠬᠠ ᠷᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠤ ᠨᠤ ᠦ ᠷᠬᠡ ᠳᠬᠡ ᠵᠤ᠂ ᠣᠰ ᠤᠭ ᠰᠥᠰᠦ ᠵᠤ ᠨᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠ ᠨ ᠶᠤᠯ᠃ ⒌ᠵᠤᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠴᠠ ᠭ ᠲ ᠤ ᠨᠣᠰ ᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠭᠤᠭᠠ ᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠸᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠭᠤᠨᠠ ᠭᠯᠠᠳᠠ ᠭ ᠡ ᠨᠡ ᠨᠤ ᠳᠤᠭ᠂ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠮᠥ ᠪᠭᠦ ᠨ ᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠥ ᠯᠰᠦᠭ ᠳᠠᠳᠠ ᠵᠤ᠂ ᠶᠤᠰᠤ ᠳᠠᠤ ᠰᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠮᠢᠯ ᠢᠸᠠᠭᠰᠠ ᠨ ᠶᠢ ᠍ᠷᠳᠢ ᠨᠴᠤ ᠪᠣ ᠯᠤᠭᠠ ᠳ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ ᠠ᠃ ⒍ ᠪᠠ ᠯᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠢᠯ ᠠᠰᠤ ᠂ ᠪ ᠠᠭᠯᠠ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠤ ᠷᠭᠠᠰ ᠤ ᠨᠤ ᠬᠦ ᠷᠳᠡ ᠯ ᠡ ᠴᠥᠯ ᠠ ᠯᠢᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠳᠡ ᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠭᠰᠡ ᠨ ᠶ ᠤᠯ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠴᠠ ᠩ ᠰᠠᠭᠰᠤᠷᠭ ᠠ ᠬ ᠣᠪ ᠭᠤᠷᠴᠤ ᠭᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠳ ᠨᠠᠰᠠ ᠭ ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠠ ᠭᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤ ᠦ ᠭᠡᠤ ᠭᠠ ᠪᠬᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠨ ᠠ ᠃ ⒎ᠬᠣᠨ ᠢᠳ ᠤ᠋ ᠨ ᠣ ᠳᠠᠰᠢᠯᠡ ᠨ ᠨᠡ ᠭᠦᠬᠦ ᠨᠤ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠯᠡ ᠭᠠ ᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠡ ᠯᠡᠬᠡ ᠤ ᠬᠥ ᠷᠦᠰ ᠦ ᠪ ᠡᠷ ᠢ᠋ ᠢᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠯᠵᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠯ ᠭᠤᠸᠠ ᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠳᠤ᠃ ⒏ ᠶᠤᠰᠤ ᠳᠠᠤ ᠪᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠤᠯ ᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠨ ᠶᠢ᠍ᠷᠳᠢ ᠨᠴᠤ ᠢ᠋ ᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠩ ᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠵ ᠡᠨ᠃ ⒐ᠪᠥ ᠪᠤ ᠯ ᠡᠪᠬ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠯᠬ ᠠ ᠴᠠ ᠭ ᠲ ᠤ ᠪ ᠠᠨ ᠡᠬ ᠡ ᠦ ᠭᠡᠤ ᠥ ᠨᠦᠴᠢ ᠨ᠂ ᠡᠷ ᠡ ᠳᠤᠰ ᠳᠠ ᠦ ᠷ ᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪ ᠠᠨ ᠡ ᠬᠡᠨᠡ ᠷ ᠦ ᠭᠡᠤ ᠭᠣᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠶ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠ ᠨ ᠬᠥ ᠰᠦᠨ᠃ ᠥ ᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠯ ᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠦ ᠪᠡᠢ ᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠦ ᠵᠡᠭᠡ ᠦ ᠭᠡᠤ ᠪᠣ ᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠦ ᠳᠡᠯᠬᠦ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪ ᠠᠨ ᠪᠥ ᠡᠬ ᠡ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪ ᠠᠨ ᠬ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠠ ᠯᠠᠰᠵᠤ ᠳᠣᠣ ᠷ ᠠ ᠠᠰᠢ ᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠯᠰ ᠤᠷᠢ ᠯᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤ ᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ ᠠ᠃ ᠪᠢᠳ ᠡ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠰ ᠢᠳᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠢᠯᠠ ᠭᠤᠷᠠ ᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠵᠣᠪᠠ ᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠮᠠ ᠷᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣ ᠯᠬᠤ ᠦ ᠭᠡᠤ᠃ ⒑ ︽ᠮᠢᠨ ᠣ ᠬ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠭᠰᠠ ᠨ ᠬ ᠣᠨᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠮ ᠢᠨᠤ ᠰᠢᠯ ᠠ ᠲᠠ ᠤ ᠰᠦ ᠨᠤ᠂ ᠣ ᠯᠴᠤ ᠲᠠ ᠤ ᠨᠣᠣᠰᠤ ᠨᠤ᠂ ᠥᠯ ᠲᠠ ᠤ ᠮᠢᠬ ᠠ ᠨᠤ᠂ ᠬᠥ ᠷᠦᠰᠦ ᠲᠠ ᠤ ᠠ ᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠤ ᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠯᠰ ᠤᠷᠢ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠦ ᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥ ᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠳᠡ ᠰᠡᠴᠡ ᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠭ ᠠ ᠠ ᠪᠭᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠬ ᠠ ᠳᠡ ᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲ ᠤ ᠮ ᠢᠨᠤ ᠥᠯ ᠪᠣ ᠯᠤᠭ ᠂ ᠣ ᠯᠴᠤ ᠨᠡ ᠰᠡᠭ︕ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣ ᠯ ᠮᠢ ᠨᠤ ᠬᠦ ᠰᠡᠯᠡ ᠩ᠂ ᠮᠢ ᠨᠣ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠠᠩ᠃ ︾ ⒒ ᠬᠥ ᠭᠡᠷᠦᠬᠦ ᠤ ᠲ ᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠯ ᠠ ᠪᠦ ᠰᠡᠭᠦ ᠤ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷ ᠤ ᠨ ᠬ ᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠤ ᠬ ᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠬᠠ ᠷᠭᠤ ᠱ ᠭ ᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠣ ᠷ ᠠ ᠣᠳᠡ ᠷ ᠵ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪ ᠠᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠯᠰ ᠤᠷᠤ ᠬᠡ ᠳᠡᠭ ᠲ ᠤ ᠳᠠ ᠰᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠹᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠠᠯ ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠳᠬᠦ ᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠦ ᠯᠦᠰᠤ ᠬᠡᠳ ᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠴᠢᠰ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠷ ᠬᠤᠳᠡ ᠯ ᠡ ᠪᠠᠳ ᠭᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠭᠰᠠ ᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠥ ᠷᠦ ᠪᠥ ᠳᠦᠨ᠂ ᠬᠡᠳᠡ ᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠳᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠩ ᠶᠠᠪᠤ ᠭᠰᠠ ᠨ ᠡᠳᠤᠷ ᠦ ᠭᠡᠤ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ 12 . ᠣᠷᠴᠢ ᠯᠠᠩ ᠬᠡᠳᠤᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠ ᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠪ ᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠣᠷᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠤ ᠨᠠᠳᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠦ ᠭᠡᠤ ᠪᠣ ᠯᠪᠠ᠃ 13. ᠠᠰ ᠢᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤ ᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠨ ᠠᠸ ᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠠ᠃ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠭ ᠠ ᠰᠠᠨᠠ ᠭ ᠠ᠄ ᠳᠤᠱ ᠵᠣᠬ ᠤᠸᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ︵ ︶ᠣ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠤ ᠷ ᠳᠡ ᠬᠣ ᠡᠷᠬ ᠤᠯ ᠨᠠᠨᠳᠢ ᠨ ᠪᠡ ᠯᠡᠭ ᠤ᠋ ᠨ ᠦ ᠯᠢᠭᠡ ᠷ ᠤᠴᠢ ᠷ ᠢ᠋ ᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠ ᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ︵ ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠬ ᠡ ᠴᠢᠯ ᠥᠭᠡ᠂ ᠠᠵ ᠠ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠠ ᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠰᠠ ᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠬᠠ ᠨ ᠢ᠋ ᠣᠯ ᠭᠤᠵ ᠤ ᠥ ᠭᠭᠦ ᠭᠰᠡ ᠨ ᠠ ᠭᠤᠤ ︵ ︶᠂ ᠠ ᠴᠢᠳᠤ ︵ ︶᠂ ︵ ︶ ᠤ᠋ ᠨ ᠢ᠋ ᠢᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠢᠷ ᠠ ᠬᠠᠯ ᠠᠰᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠴᠤ ᠭᠠ ᠪᠢᠷ ᠠ ᠵᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠳᠠ ᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠵᠠᠤ᠃ ᠲᠦ ᠷᠪᠡ᠂ ᠤᠷᠠ ᠯᠢᠭ ᠤ᠋ ᠨ ᠣᠨ ᠴᠠᠯᠢ ᠭ ⒈ ᠭ ᠠᠷᠴᠠᠭ ᠰᠤᠨ ᠢᠷᠬᠠ ᠯᠳᠠᠤ ᠮᠦ ᠷᠳᠡᠬᠡ ᠨ ᠠ ᠭᠤᠯ ᠭ ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢ ᠸᠠᠪᠭᠤᠢ ᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠ ᠨ ᠣᠨ ᠴᠠᠯᠢ ᠭ ᠲᠠ ᠤ᠃ ⒉ ᠲᠦ ᠷᠰᠦᠯ ᠡᠯ ᠢ᠋ ᠰᠠ ᠢᠬᠠ ᠨ ᠬᠡ ᠷᠡᠭ ᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠤᠳ ᠭ ᠠ ᠰᠠᠨᠠ ᠭ ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠨᠵᠡᠬᠡ ᠢᠷᠡ ᠬᠦᠯᠵᠡ ᠤ᠃ ⑴ ︵ ︶ᠲᠦ ᠷᠰᠦᠯ ᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠋ᠢ ᠠᠷ ᠡᠷᠬ ᠡ ᠵ ᠢᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠ ᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠬᠠ ᠨ ᠠ ᠰᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠯ ᠢ᠋ ᠳᠤᠯ ᠢᠳᠬᠠ ᠨ ᠦ ᠵᠡᠭᠦ ᠯᠵᠡᠤ ᠃ ⑵ ︵ ︶ᠲᠦ ᠷᠰᠦᠯ ᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠋ᠢ ᠠᠷ ᠬᠣᠨ ᠢᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠢ᠋ ᠢᠨ ᠰᠠ ᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠬᠠ ᠨ ᠵᠠ ᠩ ᠰᠤᠷᠳᠠ ᠯ ᠢ ᠋ ᠣᠯᠡ ᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠡ ᠤ᠃ ⒊ ︵ ︶ ᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠴᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠵᠤ ᠠᠸ ᠠᠨᠳᠠ ᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠯᠠᠵᠠᠤ᠃ ⒋ᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠯᠡ ᠯ᠂ ᠤᠭᠰᠠ ᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯ᠂ ᠬᠣ ᠣᠰᠯ ᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯ ᠤ᠋ ᠨ ᠤᠷᠠ ᠨ ᠨᠠ ᠢᠷᠠ ᠭᠤᠯ ᠭ ᠠ ᠢ᠋ ᠢᠨ ᠠ ᠷᠭ ᠠ ᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡ ᠭᠯᠡᠵ ᠤ᠂ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠯ ᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠢ᠋ ᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠡ ᠳᠭᠡ ᠰᠵᠤ ᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠪᠭᠠ ᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠵᠠᠤ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠷ ᠡ᠄