ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠶᠢᠰᠦ᠂ ᠠᠷᠪᠠ .pptx

,, ᠳᠠᠰᠭᠠᠯ ᠶᠢᠰᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠳᠤᠳᠬᠠᠯ 1᠂ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠤᠪ ① ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠠᠰᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ︵D︶ A ᠣᠨᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ B ᠣᠨᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠤᠰᠤᠯᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠳᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ C ᠨᠤᠳᠠᠯᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠨᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠳᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ D ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠳᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠰᠢᠬᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠰᠢᠬᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ — ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳᠴᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠲᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠵᠤ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠭᠰᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠷᠢᠯᠳᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ᠄ ᠰᠢᠬᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠯᠤᠮᠤᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠣᠨ᠋ᠣᠯᠳᠠ᠄ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠳᠡ᠂ ᠵᠤᠷᠢᠯᠳᠠ᠂ ᠵᠤᠭᠰᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠣᠪᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠩᠭᠦᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠳᠠ᠄ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠪᠡᠷᠢᠮᠳᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠨᠤᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠳᠠ᠂ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠳᠠ ᠨᠣᠳᠠᠯᠠᠯᠳᠠ᠄ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠨᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠵᠤ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ ,② ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠴᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠰᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ︵C︶ A ᠪᠢᠳᠡ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ᠋ᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠠᠳ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨᠳᠠᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ B ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ C ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠢᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ D ᠢᠮᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠳᠤᠬᠡ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠤᠩ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ,2᠂ ᠳᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠢ᠃ 3᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠳᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠪᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠡᠷᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠠᠨᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠣᠣᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠭᠤᠰ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠠ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠷᠠᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ ,,,4᠂ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠵᠤ ᠤᠳᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠬᠡᠷᠡᠢ᠃ ᠳᠤᠭᠤᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ — ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠰᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠥᠷᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠃ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠤᠭᠤᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠣᠭᠤᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ — ᠲᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠬᠤ᠂ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠮᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ᠃ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠭᠤᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠦ — ᠦᠬᠦᠵᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠬᠦ — ᠳᠦᠯᠬᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠳᠭᠡᠬᠦ᠃ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠬᠦ᠃ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠬᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠯᠳᠠ 1᠂ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠤᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠤᠢ︖ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠨᠤᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠤᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠵᠦᠢᠷᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠤᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠷᠬᠦ ᠨᠤᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠨᠤᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠡᠯᠬᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠯᠵᠤ ᠨᠤᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ,2᠂ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠭᠠᠳ ︽ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠠᠳᠠ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠯᠠᠪᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠠ᠂ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠷᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠶᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠶᠤᠮ︾ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠤᠢ︖ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠣᠳᠤᠮ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ︽ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠠᠳᠠ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠯᠠᠪᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠠ᠂ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠷᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠶᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠶᠤᠮ︾ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 3᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠰᠤᠳᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠢᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠣᠶᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡ ᠲᠦᠭᠵᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠤ︖ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡᠳᠡ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠬᠦᠳᠦᠯᠦᠬᠦᠯᠵᠤ ᠰᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠤ︖ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠥᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠢ ᠤᠤ︖ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠴᠢᠨᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢᠰᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠠᠷᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ︕ ① ᠣᠶᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡ ᠲᠦᠭᠵᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ — ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠯᠠᠪᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠬᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠃ ② ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠥᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠭᠤ — ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠰᠡᠵᠢᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠩᠬᠤᠤ᠃ ③ ᠲᠠᠷᠠ ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠬᠤ — ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠠᠳᠠ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠯᠠᠪᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠳᠭᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ᠃ , ᠳᠠᠰᠭᠠᠯ ᠠᠷᠪᠠ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠳᠤᠳᠬᠠᠯ 1᠂ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠤᠪ ① ᠲᠠᠰᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ︵A︶ A ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠭᠬᠢᠷᠲᠦᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠯᠳᠡ B ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠬᠤ C ᠨᠠᠪᠳᠠᠷᠠᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠ D ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠤᠭᠳᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠵᠤ ② ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠰᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ᠄ ︵D︶ A ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠫᠡ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ᠂ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠳᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠃ B ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠯᠡᠩ᠂ ᠠᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠷᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ C ᠮᠢᠩᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠠᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠲᠠᠳᠠ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠡᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ D ᠣᠳᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠳᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠳᠤᠳᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠴᠣᠮᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠳᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠃ 2᠂ ᠤᠳᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠣᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠡᠷᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠦᠳᠡ — ᠲᠥᠬᠦᠮ᠂ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠢᠬᠤ — ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠡᠷᠢᠬᠦ ᠠᠢᠯᠠᠳᠭᠠᠬᠤ — ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤᠵᠢᠯᠳᠠᠢ — ᠰᠢᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤ᠂ ᠳᠠᠰᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠠᠢ ,3᠂ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠳᠠᠭᠯᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠢ᠃ ① ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠳᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯ᠂ ︵ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭ︶᠂ ︵ᠳᠤᠭᠤᠵᠢᠰ︶᠂ ︵ᠵᠦᠴᠦᠭᠡ︶ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ② ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ︵ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠮᠵᠢ︶ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ︵ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ︶ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠩ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ︵ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠬᠡᠳᠠᠢ︶ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 4᠂ ᠮᠢᠩᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠬᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠢ᠃ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠣᠷᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ᠄ 1692 — 1765 ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠳᠤᠭ᠄ ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨᠳᠣ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠢ︖ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠮᠢᠩᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠦᠨᠳᠣᠰᠣᠳᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠢ︖ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨᠳᠤᠰᠤᠳᠡᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠄ ᠳᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠦᠰᠦᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨᠳᠣ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠣᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ᠄ ᠡᠩᠬᠡ ᠠᠮᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨᠳᠣ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠮᠠᠢ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠢ︖ ᠣᠳᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠳᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ᠄ ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠫᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠳᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ 3000 ᠠᠰᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ 33 ᠠᠰᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠳᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦ ᠳᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ᠄ ︽ᠳᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠤᠭᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠯᠢᠭᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠳᠡ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ︾ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠵᠦ᠋ᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ᠄ ︽ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠢ ︽ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ︾ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠵᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠨᠠᠰᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠳᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠪᠠ︖ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ , ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠬᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠯᠳᠡ 1᠂ ᠬᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠬᠠᠮᠠᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ︽ᠮᠢᠩᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤ ᠣᠳᠣ︾ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠳᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠷᠠᠢ᠃ ᠮᠢᠩᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ 2001 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 5 ᠰᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠩ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠳᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠣᠳᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠯᠠᠬᠦ ᠺᠣᠮᠢᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠳᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ 28242 ᠨᠤᠮᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ︽ᠮᠢᠩᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ︾ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠩᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠢᠳᠴᠠᠢ᠃ 2᠂ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠢᠵᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨᠳᠤᠰᠤᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠃ ,3᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠰᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠤ︖ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠭᠠᠳ︖ ①1756 ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠬᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠡᠷᠬᠡᠵᠢᠯᠳᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ︽ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ︾ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠰᠤᠪᠠᠯ ᠮᠢᠩᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠬᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠣᠪᠦ᠋ᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠳᠠᠢᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ② ᠮᠢᠩᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤ ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤᠵᠢᠯᠳᠠᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ︽ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ︾ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠰᠤᠪᠠᠯ ᠮᠢᠩᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ︽ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤᠵᠢᠯᠳᠠᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ︾ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠢᠳᠡᠬᠡᠬᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ③ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠩᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠠᠢᠵᠤ ᠳᠤᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨᠳᠤᠰᠤᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ︽ᠠᠩᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ︾ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠰᠤᠪᠠᠯ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠠᠢᠵᠤ ᠳᠤᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨᠳᠤᠰᠤᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠤᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠣᠪᠦ᠋ᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠳᠠᠢᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ,4᠂ ᠲᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠬᠡᠯ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠳᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠡᠷᠡᠢ᠃ , ᠪ᠊᠂ ᠷᠢᠨᠴᠢᠨ — ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠢ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ᠂ ᠪᠢᠮᠪᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠷᠢᠨᠴᠢᠨ 1905.11.21 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠤᠷ ᠦᠪᠤᠷ ᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠤ ︵ᠣᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨᠪᠤᠯᠠᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤ ᠰᠠᠷᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠥᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠳᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠳᠠᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭᠰᠡᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠨᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠱᠠᠪᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠮᠦᠭᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠪᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠮᠡᠳᠠᠢ ᠠᠮᠳᠠᠳᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠥᠰᠦᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠶᠢᠷᠳᠢᠨᠴᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠤᠳᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠠᠷᠠ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠠᠪᠳᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠦᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠢᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠪ᠊᠂ ᠷᠢᠨᠴᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠦᠨᠳᠤᠰᠤᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠬᠠᠢᠷᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠰᠭᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠠᠠᠯᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠᠢᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠯᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠰᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠢᠯᠢᠰ ᠬᠦᠵᠢᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠤᠰᠤᠳᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠳᠭᠦᠭᠦ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠥᠷᠦᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ 1979 ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤ 75 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠳᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠷᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠤ ᠷᠢᠨᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠬᠠᠮᠠᠳ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ 1929 ᠣᠨ ᠲᠤ ︽ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠠᠯᠵᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ︾ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠢᠯᠡ ᠨᠡᠢᠳᠠᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ︽ᠴᠣᠭᠳᠣ ᠳᠠᠢᠵᠢ︾ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠺᠢᠨᠣ᠋ ᠵᠦᠴᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠯ ᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ︽ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠩᠬᠠᠭ︾ ᠢ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠢᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠣᠷᠤᠰ᠂ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠢ᠂ ᠹᠷᠠᠨᠼᠢ ᠬᠢᠳᠡᠳ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ 15 ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠳᠠᠢ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠬᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ︽ᠦᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠶᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ︾ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠷᠣᠮᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ,