ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ 《ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ》 .pdf

1 ︽ᠴᠢ ᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠨ᠊ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠ ᠮᠠᠭᠠ ᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠ ᠭᠰᠠ ᠨ᠊ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠠᠨ︾ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶ ᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶ ᠡᠯᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠨ᠄ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠦᠳᠤᠬᠡ ᠷ᠊ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠬᠡᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶ ᠡᠯᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ : ᠠᠡ ᠭᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠠ ︵ᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠠ︶ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶ ᠡᠯ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠯ᠊᠄ ᠮᠤᠩᠭ ᠤᠯ ᠬᠡ ᠯᠡ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬ ᠤ ᠠ ᠭᠤᠯᠭ ᠎ᠠ᠄ ︽ᠴᠢᠯᠠ ᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠮᠠ ᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠳᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠠᠨ︾ ᠬᠣ ᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠢ ᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯᠯ ᠡᠭᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠴᠠ ᠬ᠋᠊ ᠵᠢᠭᠠ ᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲ ᠠ᠄ ⒈ ᠵᠣᠬᠢ ᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤ ᠢ ᠤᠩ ᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠨ᠊ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤ ᠬ᠋᠊ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠬᠠ ᠢ ᠤᠢᠯᠠᠭ ᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤ ᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢᠯᠠ ᠨ᠊ ᠶᠠ ᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳ ᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ⒉ ᠵ᠊ ᠣᠬᠢᠶ ᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋᠊ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠡ ᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡ ᠨ᠊ ᠬᠦᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢ ᠷ᠊ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳ ‍ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡ ‍ᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ 3᠂ ᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠨ᠊ ᠵᠢᠷᠤ ᠬ᠋᠊ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠭᠢ ᠤᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠵ ᠡᠬᠡᠢᠷ ᠠᠬᠦᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠷᠳᠡ ᠳᠡᠬᠡᠳᠤ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠥᠪ ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠯ ᠢᠢᠡ ᠨ᠊ ᠨᠠᠨᠳ ᠢᠩᠨᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠢᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠬᠤ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠰᠠ ᠷ᠊ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠤ ᠯᠲᠠᠯᠭ ᠎ᠠ᠄ ᠵᠣᠬᠢ ᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤ ᠢ ᠤᠩ ᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠨ᠊ ᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠨ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠢ ᠤᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤ ᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢᠯᠠ ᠨ᠊ ᠶ᠊ ᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠ ‍ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬ ᠤ ᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠷᠳᠡ ᠯᠭᠡ᠄ ᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠨ᠊ ᠵᠢᠷᠤ ᠬ᠋᠊ ᠤ ᠨ᠊ ᠳᠣ ᠬᠢ ᠤᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠵᠡᠬᠡᠢᠷ ᠠᠬᠦᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠷᠳᠡ ᠳᠡᠬᠡᠳᠤ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠥᠪ ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠯ ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠨᠠ ᠨᠳᠢᠩᠨ ᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠢᠷᠠᠯᠠ ᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠮ ᠰᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠯᠠᠭ ᠎ᠠ᠄ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠷ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠭᠤᠯᠤ ᠨ᠊ ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤ ᠲᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ ᠎ᠠ᠄ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠩᠬᠡ ᠷᠡᠭᠦ ᠯᠦᠨ ᠬᠥᠲᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠤᠩ ᠰᠢᠨ ᠰᠡ ᠲᠭᠢ ᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠬ᠊ ᠣᠷᠰᠢ ᠨ᠊ ᠰᠤᠷᠤ ᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬ ᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠢ᠄ ᠰ᠊ ᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠴ ᠢᠭ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠵ᠊ ᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷ᠂ ᠰᠤᠷ ᠬᠤ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠦᠪ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ᠄ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶ ᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋᠊ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠲᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠄ ᠮᠣᠩᠭ ᠤᠯᠴᠤ ᠳ᠋᠊ ᠴᠢᠯᠠ ᠭᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠢ ᠮᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠳ ᠡᠭ ᠳ᠋᠊ ᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠯᠵ ᠤ ᠶᠠ ᠷᠢ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶ ᠠᠷ᠂ ᠵᠣᠬᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠠ ᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠯᠭ ᠎ᠠ᠄ ᠮᠢ ᠩᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳ ᠤ — 1969 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠪᠡ᠃ ᠦᠪᠤᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭ ᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠩᠨ ᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠤᠰ ᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠤ ᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠷ ᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭ ᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠤᠳ ‍ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢ ᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠦ ᠷᠢ ᠠᠴ ᠠ ᠳᠡᠬᠦᠰᠴᠤ 20 05 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠤᠷ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠ ᠭᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠤ ᠨ᠊ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠤᠰ ᠤᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠷ ᠭᠠᠭ ᠤᠯᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭ ᠤᠯ ᠬᠡ ᠯᠡ ᠤᠳ ‍ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢ ᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠦ ᠷᠢ ᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡ ᠷᠷᠣ ᠧᠰᠰ ᠰᠣᠷ᠂ ᠭᠤᠣ ᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠤ ᠮᠣ ᠩᠭᠤ ᠯ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ᠤᠷᠪᠦ ᠯᠵᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢ ᠬ᠋᠊ ᠰ᠊ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠠ᠂ ᠰᠢ ᠢᠳᠪᠦ ᠷᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠲ᠊ ᠢᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡ ᠨ᠊ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠳ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠷᠢ ᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠰᠢᠢ ᠲᠪᠦ ᠷᠢᠯᠡ ‍ᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠳᠤᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠠᠨ — ᠬᠠᠰᠠ ᠬ᠋᠊ ᠲᠡᠷ ᠭᠡ — ᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠨ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠢᠷᠤᠭ — ᠴᠦᠷᠬᠡ ᠯᠡᠬᠡᠳ — ᠷᠣᠮᠠ ᠨᠲ᠋ᠢ ᠬ᠋᠊ ᠰ᠊ ᠡᠳᠭᠢᠬᠦ ᠢ — ᠲᠦᠷᠥ ᠳᠡᠰᠤ — ᠬᠡᠴᠡ — ᠥᠷᠦᠨᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠦᠷᠠᠨ — ᠲᠥᠷᠪᠡ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭ ᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤ ᠰ᠊ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠯ ᠠᠭ ᠤᠯᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠠ ᠳᠠᠨ ᠵ᠊ ᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠬᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠳ ᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ 2 ᠲᠠᠪᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠨ᠊ ᠶᠢ ᠷᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠬ ᠠᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭ ᠤᠯᠴᠤ ᠳ᠋᠊ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠳᠡᠳᠡ ᠨ᠊ ᠤ ᠲ᠊ ᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭ ᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬ ᠤ ᠪᠤ ᠰᠤᠳ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠯ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭ ᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠰ᠄ 1᠂ ᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠨ᠊ ᠶᠢ ᠷᠤᠭ 2᠂ ᠬᠡ ᠷᠡᠯᠳᠤ ᠬᠥᠰᠢ ‍ᠶ᠎ᠡ 3᠂ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠯ ᠠᠭᠤ 4᠂ ᠺᠦᠯ ᠲᠢᠺᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠰᠢ ᠶᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠴ ᠢᠭ᠂ ᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠦ ᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭ ᠠᠢ ᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠶᠡ ᠨ᠊ ᠪᠢᠴᠢ ᠬ᠋᠊ 5᠂ ᠴᠢ ᠩᠭᠢ ᠰ᠊ ᠤ ᠨ᠊ ᠴᠢ ᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢ ᠬ᠋᠊ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭ ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭ ᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠨ᠊ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠪᠤ ᠬ᠋᠊ ᠠᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠬᠠᠢ 1᠂ ᠡᠾᠦᠩᠨᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦ ᠨ᠊ ᠤ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠢ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠽ ᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠷ ᠯᠢᠭ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠢ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠳ ᠤᠰᠦᠳᠡ ᠨ᠊᠂ ᠨᠠᠢᠳ ᠠ ᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨᠳ ᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠ ᠯ᠊ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦ ‍ᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠ ᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠴ ᠠ ᠨ᠊ ᠢᠬᠡᠳᠤᠬᠡ ᠷ᠊ ᠵᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠯ ᠎ᠡ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠠᠵ ᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭ ᠠᠭᠰᠠ ᠨ᠊ ᠨ᠊ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠤᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠ ᠬ᠋᠊ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠷᠡᠪᠡ᠃ 2᠂ ᠮᠣᠭᠳᠤᠭ ︵ᠮᠣᠳᠤ ᠨ᠊︶ ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠦᠢ ︵ᠨᠠᠢᠳ ᠠ ᠢᠢ ᠨ᠊ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠯᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠤᠨ ᠎ᠠ 20 9 — ᠨᠠᠢᠳ ᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠯᠠ ᠯ᠊ ᠠ᠋ ᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠤᠨ ᠎ᠠ 17 4 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ 36 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠴᠠ ᠨ᠊ ᠢᠦᠢ ᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠾᠦᠩᠨᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦ ᠨ᠊ ᠤ ᠠᠩᠬ ᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠴᠠ ᠨ᠊ ᠢᠦᠢ ᠲᠦᠮᠡ ᠨ᠊ ᠤ ᠠᠬ ᠠᠮᠠᠳ ᠬᠥᠪᠡ ᠭᠦᠨ᠃ 3᠂ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠢ ᠯᠠ ᠬᠠ ᠭᠠᠨ — ︵40 5 — 45 3︶ ᠡᠾᠦᠩᠨᠤ ᠢᠢ ᠨ᠊ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠨ᠊ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠢᠴᠢ ᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨᠰᠢ ᠳᠠᠢᠯᠠ ᠨ᠊ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷ ᠬᠡᠭ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠷᠣᠮ ᠬᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠬᠡ ᠵᠤ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠡᠯᠲ ᠳ᠋᠊ ᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠰ᠊ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠤ ᠨᠡᠳᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠢ ᠬᠤᠢᠭ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲ᠊ ᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠳ᠋᠊ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠰ᠊ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠲᠯᠠ ᠨᠲ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠯᠡ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠡᠸᠦᠷᠦᠫᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠢᠯᠡ ᠵᠤ ︽ᠳᠡᠭᠷ ᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠨ᠊ ᠳᠠᠰᠢ ᠭᠤᠷ︾ ᠬᠡᠮᠡ ᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠯᠳ ᠠᠷᠳᠤ ᠬᠦ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡ ᠳ᠋᠊ ᠡᠾᠦᠩᠨᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦ ᠨ᠊ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡ ᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠦᠢ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ᠃ 4᠂ ᠪᠦᠷᠳᠡ ᠴᠢ ᠨ᠊ ᠤᠠ᠋ — ᠳᠣ ᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠴ᠊ ᠢᠩᠭᠢ ᠰ᠊ ᠬᠠᠭᠠ ᠨ᠊ ᠤ 22 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠬᠡᠳᠤ ᠰ᠊᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠸ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠳᠡ ᠬ᠋᠊᠃ ᠤᠨᠤ ᠨ᠊ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷ ᠢᠬᠦᠨ ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠵ ᠤ ᠨᠤ ᠳᠤᠭᠯ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠪᠡ᠃ 5᠂ ᠨᠡᠭᠦ ᠰ᠊ ᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ — ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠯᠠᠯ ᠶᠠᠷᠢ ᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭ ᠤᠯ ᠠᠢᠮ ᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠠᠢᠮ ᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳ᠋᠊ ᠠᠷᠤᠭᠳ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠤᠶᠠ ᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠣ ᠣᠰ ᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠡᠮ᠎ᠡ ᠦᠯᠡᠳ ᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠷᠭᠦ ‍ᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠭᠣ ᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠭᠴᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠷᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠤᠳᠠ ᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠷ ᠤᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠠᠷᠠ ᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠷ ᠡᠭᠳᠠ ᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠨ᠊ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠰ᠂ ᠨᠥᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ᠃ ᠬᠣ ᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠰ ᠬᠢᠶᠠ ᠨ᠊ ᠤ ᠦ ‍ᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠡᠷᠭᠦ ‍ᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠬ᠊ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠ ᠷᠤᠭᠰ ᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡ ᠳ᠋᠊ ᠳᠡᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠳᠡ ᠬᠡᠳᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣ ᠪᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠭ ᠠᠭᠰᠠ ᠨ᠊ ᠪᠥᠭᠡ ᠳ᠋᠊ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠦ ᠷᠢ ᠪᠤ ᠯᠵᠤ ᠰᠠᠯ ᠤᠭᠰ ᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠢᠴᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭ ᠤᠯ ᠬᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠳᠤ ᠤ ᠯᠤᠰ᠂ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤ ᠰ᠊ ᠤ ᠨ᠊ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣ ᠪᠤᠭ ᠠᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠳᠤ ‍ᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠥᠭᠡ ᠳ᠋᠊ ᠴᠢᠨᠤᠰ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠳᠡᠮᠳ ᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡ ᠨ᠊ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤ ᠢᠴᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠷᠵ ᠢᠭᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠬᠤᠶ ᠠᠷ ᠰᠠ ᠯᠪᠦᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠭᠳᠠ ᠭᠰᠠ ᠨ᠊ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠶ ᠠᠨ ᠪᠤ ᠷᠵᠢᠭᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠨᠴᠢ ᠷ᠊ ᠮᠤᠩᠬ ᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠷᠵ ᠢᠭᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ᠃ ᠨᠠᠢᠮ ᠠ᠂ ᠰᠠᠮᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠎ᠠ ᠴᠢᠯᠠ ᠭᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋᠊ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠮᠠ ᠭᠠᠯᠠ ᠭᠳᠠ ᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠠᠨ ᠮᠢ ᠩᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤ ᠢ ᠪᠢᠯ ᠢᠭ ᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠨ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠣᠶᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠ ᠨ᠊ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠤ ᠲᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠨ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠨ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠨ᠊ ᠵᠡ ᠪᠰᠡ ᠬ᠋᠊ ᠤ ᠨ᠊ ᠦᠶ ᠎ᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡ ᠨ᠊ ᠬᠦᠷ ᠡᠯ ᠲ᠊ ᠡᠮᠤᠷ ᠵᠡᠪᠰ ᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶ ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠨ᠊ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡ ᠨ᠊ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ 3 ︽ᠴᠢᠯᠠ ᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠮᠠ ᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠳᠠᠭᠰ ᠠᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠠᠨ︾ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶ ᠡᠯ ᠦ ᠨ᠊ ᠠ ᠵᠢᠯᠯ ᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠲ ᠠᠰᠤ 【 ᠬᠤ ᠷᠰᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠳ ᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ 】 ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠡ ᠬ᠋᠊ ᠤ ᠨ᠊ ᠬᠤ ᠷᠠᠮᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯ ※ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ︵ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶ ᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯ ᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳ ‍ᠬ᠎ᠠ︶ ᠳᠤᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠠᠨ — ᠬᠠᠰᠠ ᠬ᠋᠊ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡ — ᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠨ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠢᠷᠤᠭ — ᠴᠦᠷᠬᠡ ᠯᠡᠬᠡᠳ — ᠷᠣᠮᠠ ᠨᠲ᠋ᠢ ᠬ᠋᠊ ᠰ᠊ ᠡᠳᠭᠢᠬᠦ ᠢ — ᠲᠦᠷᠥ ᠳᠡᠰᠤ — ᠬᠡᠴᠡ — ᠥᠷᠦᠨᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠦᠷᠠᠨ — ᠬᠤᠶ ᠠᠷ᠂ ᠠᠭ ᠤᠯᠭ ᠎ᠠ ᠢᠢ ᠨ᠊ ᠬᠤ ᠷᠢᠶᠠᠡ ᠭᠭᠤᠢᠯᠠᠯ ︽ᠴᠢᠯᠠ ᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠮᠠ ᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠳᠠᠭᠰ ᠠᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠠᠨ︾ ᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠠ᠂ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶ ᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠳ ᠤᠷ ᠤᠩ ᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠠ ᠭᠤᠯᠳ ᠠ ᠵ᠊ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠯ᠃ 1᠂ ︽ᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠨ᠊ ᠶᠢ ᠷᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠰ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨ᠊ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨ᠊ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠮᠠᠭ ᠠᠳ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡ ᠨ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤ ᠨ᠊ ᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠬᠡ ᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ︾ ᠬᠡᠭᠦ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷ ᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠨ᠊ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠢ ᠤᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶ᠊ ᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠢ᠃ 2᠂ ︽ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠨ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢ ᠮ᠊ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠶᠠᠯ ᠠᠯ ᠵ᠊ ᠢᠭᠤ ᠯᠴᠢᠯ ᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋᠊ ᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢ ᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭ ᠳᠠᠨ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢ ᠮ᠊ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤ ᠢ ᠰ᠊ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠷ ᠡᠰᠤ ᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭ ᠳᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠷ᠊᠃ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠵᠠᠷᠢ ᠮ᠊ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠬᠡ ᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ‍ᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠡ ᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨ ᠎ᠡ ᠴᠡᠨ ᠎ᠡ ᠵ᠊ ᠢ ᠣᠭᠳᠤᠭ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠢ ᠲᠬᠡ ᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠶ ᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠳ᠋᠊ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ᠃︾ ᠬᠡᠭᠦ ᠬᠡᠰᠡ ᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠰᠠ ᠨᠠᠭ ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠭ ᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ︖ 4 ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠠ᠄ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠦ ᠳᠦᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯ᠃ ᠰ᠊ ᠠᠷᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ — ᠠᠮ ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ — ᠥᠪᠯᠡ ᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ — ᠰ᠊ ᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤ ᠭᠠᠳ — ᠲᠠᠪᠤ᠄ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠥᠷ ᠦᠯ ᠵ᠊ ᠦᠢᠯ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠯᠠ᠃ ︽ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠬᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢ ᠷ᠊᠂ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠯᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷ︾ ︽ᠠᠭ ᠤᠯᠠ ᠵ᠊ ᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠷ ‍ᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ︾ ︽ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤ ᠭᠤᠯᠬ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤ ᠭᠤᠯ︾