ᠡᠬᠡ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ .pptx

ᠡᠬᠡ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠯᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ,ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ 1᠂ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ 2᠂ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠣᠷᠤᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ᠂ ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠴᠡ᠂ ᠲᠣᠪᠤᠢᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠢ᠋ ᠰᠤᠷᠴᠤ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ 3᠂ ᠿᠦᠨ ᠲᠦ᠋ ᠬᠡᠭᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠢ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠵᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃,ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠢᠵᠢᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ,ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ,ᠯᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ︵1881᠂9᠂25︱1936᠂10᠂19︶︱ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠢ᠂ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠭᠠᠯᠴᠢ᠃ ᠵᠸᠵᠢᠶᠠᠡᠭ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠱᠤᠤᠰᠢᠡᠭ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠣᠪᠤᠭ ᠵᠸᠤ᠂ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠱᠤ ᠿᠸᠨ᠃ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠯ᠄︽ᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ︾︵1918᠂ ᠤᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ︶︽ ᠬᠠᠰᠬᠢᠷᠥᠯ︾︵1923︶ ︽ ᠠ᠊ Q ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠡᠭᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠮᠳᠠᠷ︾,ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠯᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ1919 ᠣᠨ ᠤ᠋12 ᠰᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠡᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠢᠡᠭᠭᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠰᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ᠋ ᠨᠢᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠰᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠤᠢᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠵᠦᠳᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ᠂ ᠣᠶᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠮᠢᠨᠴᠦᠭᠦᠷᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠯ ᠢ᠋ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ᠋ 1921 ᠣᠨ ᠤ᠋ 1 ᠰᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ᠄ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ,ᠦᠭᠡ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠯᠢ ᠰᠡᠯᠳᠡ︱ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠢᠯ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠵᠤ︱ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠵᠤ︱ ᠬᠠᠵᠠᠵᠤ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠲᠥᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠴᠦ︱ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡᠷᠴᠤ ᠲᠥᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ︱ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠥᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠷᠴᠦ︱ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠷᠴᠦ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠷᠢᠵᠤ︱ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠲᠥᠭᠡᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠴᠤᠡᠭᠬᠤᠷ︱ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠴᠤᠤᠬᠠᠯ ᠠᠮᠤ︱ ᠠᠮᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠢᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠦᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳ︱ ᠢᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠦᠱᠦᠭᠦᠷᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠡᠭ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ︱ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠦᠷᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ︱ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠣᠨᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ,ᠭᠠᠡᠭ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡ ︱ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠳ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠱᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ,ᠮᠢᠯᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ︱ ᠮᠠᠡᠭᠭᠢᠰᠦ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠠᠨ,ᠡᠯᠬᠡᠭ᠄ ᠨᠤᠨᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ᠋ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭ ᠰᠢᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ,ᠴᠤᠤᠬᠠᠯ᠄ ᠠᠮᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠢᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠦᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠡ,ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠪᠥᠬᠡ,ᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠪᠠᠯᠤ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠳᠤᠷ,ᠢᠪᠠᠤ,ᠬᠦᠵᠢ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠰ ᠯᠠ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠤᠷ,ᠹᠸᠣᠳᠠᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠳᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠤᠸ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠ᠋ᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠢᠳᠡᠳ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ᠋ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠ᠋ᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠥᠯ ᠢ᠋ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠵᠠᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃,ᠰᠲ᠋ᠢᠯᠢ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ,ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ,ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠮᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠨᠡᠰᠦ,ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠿᠦᠨ ᠲᠦ᠋ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠢ᠄ ᠪᠣᠮᠪᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠷᠤ ᠴᠢᠷᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭᠬᠡᠨ ᠢᠰᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠦᠡᠭᠭᠦᠨ ᠣᠨᠢᠰᠤ ᠭᠢᠯᠠᠯᠵᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠦ᠃ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠤᠯ᠄ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠡᠭ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠮᠢᠯᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ᠄︽ᠴᠢ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠲᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠣᠴᠢ᠂ ᠪᠢᠳᠠ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢ᠁︾,ᠴᠣᠪᠤᠭᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠯᠡᠡᠭ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠮᠰᠤᠭ᠂ ᠴᠠᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠪᠤᠷ᠂ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭ᠃,ᠢᠳᠡᠷ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠿᠦᠨ ᠲᠦ᠋ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠢ᠄ ᠤᠷᠠᠡᠭᠬᠠᠢ ᠢᠰᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠢ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠮᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠦᠪᠦᠡᠭᠳᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠡᠮᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠡᠭᠰᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠴᠢᠷᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠦᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠳᠤᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠂ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠦ ᠠᠷᠵᠠᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠰᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠦ᠁ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠭᠦᠳᠡᠯᠤᠯ᠄ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯᠵᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠦᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠭᠰᠦᠷᠬᠦ᠁ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ᠄︽ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦ︾,ᠭᠡᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠯᠦᠰᠭᠦᠯᠡᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤ᠂ ᠮᠢᠨᠴᠦᠭᠦᠷᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠢᠳᠠᠭᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠵᠠᠶᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠨᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠣᠷᠤᠨᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ᠃,ᠵᠤᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠭᠤᠨᠢᠭᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠄ ᠨᠡᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠤᠴᠤᠷᠤᠡᠭᠭᠤᠢ᠂ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠯ,ᠴᠣᠪᠤᠭᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠯᠡᠡᠭ,ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠣᠷᠤᠨᠴᠠᠭ,ᠢᠳᠡᠷ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠶᠠᠡᠭ ᠡᠯ ᠪᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠢ᠄ ᠥᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠴᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠨᠳᠦᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠮᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠠᠪᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠣᠷᠮᠤᠢᠪᠴᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠦᠯ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠡᠨ ᠠᠯᠴᠠᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠯᠠ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠤᠷᠳᠢᠭ ᠮᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ᠄︽ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠨᠢᠳᠦ ᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠯᠠᠴᠢᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠠ᠁︾ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠭᠦᠳᠡᠯᠦᠯ᠄ ᠬᠦᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠢᠨᠢᠶᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠴᠤᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠳᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠡᠵᠢ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠢ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠠᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠣᠳᠪᠠ᠃,ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠶᠠᠡᠭ ᠡᠯ ᠪᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ᠄ ᠤ ᠡᠡᠭᠭᠡᠰᠬᠡ ᠲᠦᠷᠬᠢᠴᠢᠬᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠥᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠴᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠢ ᠡᠢᠮᠦ ᠴᠦᠨᠳᠦᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠢᠮᠦ ᠨᠢᠮᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠸᠤ᠊᠊ᠹᠦ᠋ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠫᠦᠰᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ︽ᠳ᠋ᠸᠤ᠊᠊ᠹᠦ᠋ ᠰᠢᠽᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃,ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠰᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠤᠢᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠯ᠂ ᠣᠶᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠮᠢᠨᠴᠦᠭᠦᠷᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ,ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠡᠭᠭᠤᠢᠯᠡᠯ,ᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ,,ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠴᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ︵ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ︶᠄ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ,ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ︵ ᠣᠳᠣ︶᠄ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳᠴᠢ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠲᠤᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠣᠶᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠠᠮᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠭᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ,ᠭᠦᠰᠡᠯᠡᠡᠭ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ︵ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ︶᠄︽ ᠪᠢ︾ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠯᠡᠩ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ᠋ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠲᠠᠪᠢᠯᠠᠡᠭ ᠢ᠋ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠨᠡᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠢ᠋ ᠡᠷᠢᠯᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠠᠯᠤᠰ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃,ᠬᠦᠨ ᠴᠡᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠭᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠯᠳᠡᠢᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠲᠤᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢᠳᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠪᠤᠰ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠣᠭᠤᠭᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃,ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠥᠭᠡᠳᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠣᠷᠪᠤᠢᠵᠤ ᠬᠣᠴᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠰᠭᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠲᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ,ᠴᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠮ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠴᠡᠯ ᠨᠣᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠯᠡᠰᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠦᠨ ᠴᠡᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠭᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠮᠡᠯᠳᠡᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃,ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠴᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠣᠨᠤᠭᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠿᠦᠨ ᠲᠦ᠋ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠷᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ᠋ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠨᠡᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠰᠡᠯ ᠮᠥᠷᠦᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠡᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃,ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠯ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠠ᠋ᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠭᠦᠰᠡᠯ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠢ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ᠃ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠢ᠋ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠣᠷ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠢᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠯ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠡᠢ᠃ ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠᠢᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠯᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠯ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠤᠰᠤᠳᠠᠢ᠃ ᠴᠢ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠢᠷᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠤ᠋ᠤ︖ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠢ᠋ ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ᠃ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠢ᠋ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠰᠳᠠᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠳᠬᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠯᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠯ ᠮᠥᠷᠦᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ᠃,