第一课 《天上的街市》 .pdf

ᠲᠡᠭ ᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠬ ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠡ ᠭᠡᠯᠢ ᠬᠦᠸ ᠸ ᠮᠦᠸ ᠸ ᠿ ᠦᠸ ᠧ ᠦᠬᠡᠷᠴ ᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠨᠡᠬᠡ ᠮᠡᠯᠴᠢ ᠨ ᠥᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠯᠢ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳ ᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠤᠤ︖ ᠳᠡᠭ ᠷᠢ ᠶ ᠢᠨ ᠣ ᠷᠳᠤ ᠨ ᠳ ᠤ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠳᠤᠷ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢ ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠡᠳ ᠡᠨᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠡ ᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠰ ᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳ ᠡᠭ ᠪᠤᠢ︖ 1᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠦ ᠭ ᠤ ᠨ ᠠᠭᠤ ᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠯᠢ ᠴᠣ ᠭᠴᠠ ᠡᠴ ᠡ ᠨ ᠢ ᠣᠢ ᠯᠠᠭᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤ ᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠡᠤ ᠷᠤᠰ ᠤᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠢᠷ ᠠᠭᠤ ᠂ ᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠴᠣᠬᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠩᠰᠢ ᠵᠤ ᠰᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠃ 2᠂ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠰᠢᠯᠦ ᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯ ᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤ ᠨ ᠪᠣ ᠳᠤᠯᠲ ᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠥᠰ ᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠤ ᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠰᠤ ᠷᠴᠤ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰ ᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠃ 3᠂ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶ ᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨ ᠰ ᠡᠳᠭᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠳᠤᠷ ᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠢ ᠷᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠂ ᠵᠣ ᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠵ ᠡᠯ ᠰ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠦᠷ ᠳᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠸᠸ ᠮᠦᠸ ᠸ ᠿ ᠦᠸ ᠧ ︱ ︵189 2 ︱19 78 ︶ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠠᠳᠤ ᠡᠷ ᠳᠡᠮᠳ ᠡᠨ᠂ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶ ᠠᠯᠴᠢ ᠂ ᠰ ᠢᠯᠦᠭ ᠴᠢ᠂ ᠲ ᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠴᠢ᠂ ᠡᠷᠳ ᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠰ ᠦᠭ ᠪᠣᠴᠢ ᠭ ᠰᠤᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠂ ᠨᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠳ ᠬᠦᠯᠳ ᠡᠨ᠃ ᠤᠤ ᠯ ᠨᠤ ᠳᠤᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠹᠦᠵ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠵ ᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨ ᠳ ᠢᠩᠵ ᠸᠤ᠃ ᠰᠸ ᠴᠤᠸ ᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠯᠸ ᠢ ᠱ ᠠᠨ ᠳ ᠤ ᠮᠡᠨᠳ ᠤᠯᠠᠵ ᠠᠢ᠃ ᠰᠢ ᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ︽ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨ ᠢ ︾ ︽ᠤᠭᠳ ᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠢ ︾ ᠲᠡᠦ ᠬᠡᠳᠤ ᠵᠦᠴ ᠦᠭᠡ ︽ᠴᠢᠦ ᠢ ᠶ ᠤᠸᠠᠨ ︾ ︽ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰ ᠤ ᠨ ᠱ ᠣᠰᠢ ᠭ᠎ᠠ ︾ ︽ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠯᠯ ᠢᠭ ᠮᠣᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ︾ ᠵ ᠣᠬᠢᠶ ᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠴᠢ ᠭᠳᠡᠭ ᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ︽ᠳᠡᠭ ᠷᠢ ᠶ ᠢᠨ ᠵ ᠠᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠡᠭᠡ ᠯᠢ ︾ ᠵᠢ 192 1 ᠣᠨ ᠤ10 ᠰᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠴᠢ ᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠦᠸ ᠸ ᠮᠦᠸ ᠸ ᠿ ᠦᠸ ᠧ ᠶ ᠢᠨ ᠣᠷ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠳ ᠣ ᠦ ᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶ ᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨ ᠎ᠡ ᠰᠢᠯ ᠦᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠤ ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ︽ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠳ ᠤ ᠤᠭ ᠳᠠᠷᠭ ᠤᠢ ︾ ᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠣ ᠩᠭᠤ ᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ ᠎ᠡ ᠳ ᠤ ︽5.4 ︾ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠳ ᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡ ᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠴ ᠦᠳᠤ ᠤᠷ ᠤᠰᠭᠠ ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠠ ᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠳᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨ ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠤᠰ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷ ᠤᠰᠭ ᠠᠯ ᠬ ᠠᠷᠠᠬ ᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠷᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷ ᠠᠩᠭ ᠤᠢ ᠨᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳ ᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠨᠳ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠳ ᠤ ᠬᠡ ᠴᠡᠭᠦ ᠦ ᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠷ ᠵᠣᠪᠠ ᠯᠠᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠪ ᠰᠢᠩᠭ ᠤᠢ ᠰᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠳ ᠪᠤᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠯ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡ ᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠳᠠ ᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠳᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠠ᠃ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶ ᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠡᠢ ᠮᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠦ ᠵᠡᠭᠰ ᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷ ᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ︽ᠤᠰ ᠠᠳᠬ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠳ ᠤ ᠭᠤ ᠨᠢᠭ ᠵᠣᠪᠠ ᠯᠠᠩ ︾ ᠢ ᠤᠬ ᠠᠮᠰᠠᠷ ᠠᠨ᠂ ︽ᠠᠭᠤᠵ ᠢᠮ ᠴᠡᠪᠡ ᠷᠬᠡᠨ ︾ ᠤ ︽ ᠰᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ︾ ᠢ ᠬᠦ ᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠦᠷ ᠥᠬᠡᠳ ᠴᠤ᠂ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠥᠪᠡ ᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠰ ᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦ ᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠶᠷ ᠳᠢᠨᠴᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠡᠶ ᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦ ᠯᠬᠦ ᠵᠢ ᠮᠡᠳ ᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠢ᠂ ᠭᠤ ᠨᠢᠭ ᠵᠣᠪᠠ ᠯᠠᠩ᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡ ᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠵᠡᠷ ᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠳᠤ ᠯ ᠰᠡᠳ ᠭᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠢ ᠲ ᠥᠷᠦ ᠭᠳᠡᠭ ᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠢ ᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶ ᠠᠯ ᠤ ᠨ ᠲ ᠡᠭᠦᠪᠦ ᠷᠢ ︽ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠳ ᠤ ᠤ ᠭᠳᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠢ ︾ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠳ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠨ ᠣ ᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢ ᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠮᠥᠨ ︽ ᠲ ᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠡᠭᠡᠯᠢ ︾ ᠰᠢᠯ ᠦᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠨᠡᠬᠡ ᠮᠡᠯᠴᠢ ᠨ ᠥᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠯᠢ ᠭᠡᠷ 1᠂ ᠠᠯᠤ ᠰ ᠲ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠢ ᠵ ᠡᠭᠡᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠸᠩ ᠠᠰ ᠠᠪᠠ ᠠᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠦ ᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠯᠳ ᠤ ᠣ ᠳᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯᠵ ᠡᠬᠤ ᠮᠡᠳ ᠤ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭ ᠷᠢ ᠶ ᠢᠨ ᠬᠡ ᠷᠡᠯᠳ ᠤ ᠣ ᠳᠤᠳ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠡ ᠠᠰ ᠢᠭᠦᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠡ ᠯᠢ ᠶ ᠢᠨ ᠳ ᠸᠩ ᠠᠰ ᠠᠭᠰ ᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳ ᠤ᠃ ᠲᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠡ︱ 2᠂ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠦᠭ ᠪᠠᠷᠤ ᠭ ᠤ ᠭᠳᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠣᠶ ᠤᠮᠰᠤ ᠭ ᠰ ᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠡᠭᠡ ᠯᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠭ ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠠᠬ᠎ ᠠ ᠵᠡᠭᠡ ᠯᠢ ᠳ ᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠰ ᠠᠭᠠᠭ ᠳᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠽᠠᠮᠪᠤ ᠲᠢᠪ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠯᠳ ᠠᠰᠢ ᠥᠬᠡ ᠢ ᠬ ᠣᠪᠤᠷ ᠡᠷᠳ ᠡᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠢ ᠬ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠪᠦ ᠷᠦᠭ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠭ ︱ ᠽ ᠠᠮᠪᠤᠲ ᠢᠪ ︱ ᠳ ᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷ ᠡᠩᠭᠦ ᠢ ᠪᠤ ᠯᠬᠤ ᠂ ᠳ ᠡᠷᠬᠠ ᠬᠤ᠃ ᠪᠦ ᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠦᠳ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠵᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠷ ᠠᠭᠳ ᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠵ ᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠠᠵ ᠠᠷ ᠳ ᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡ ᠢ᠂ ᠳ ᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡ ᠢ ᠶᠶ ᠷᠳᠢ ᠨᠴᠤ ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷ ᠠᠭᠠᠴ ᠢ ᠲ ᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷ ᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠬᠦ ᠪ ᠬᠦ ᠢᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭ ᠷᠢ ᠶ ᠢᠨ ᠣᠶᠤ ᠳᠠᠯ ᠬᠢᠵᠡᠭ ᠠᠯᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠦ ᠭᠡᠢ ᠥᠷ ᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠤ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠪᠣᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠯ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠭ ᠷᠢ ᠶ ᠢᠨ ᠣᠶᠤ ᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠤ ᠰᠯᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠨᠡᠬᠡ ᠮᠡᠯᠴ ᠢᠨ ᠥ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠪᠡ ᠳᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠷ ᠤ ᠨᠤᠵᠤ ᠦ ᠶᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢ ᠯ ᠦ ᠭᠡᠢ︕ ᠦ ᠶᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠳᠡᠭ ︱ ᠲᠡᠳ ᠡ ᠬ ᠣᠶᠠᠭ ᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠮᠥᠴᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠭ ᠷᠢ ᠶ ᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠡᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠰᠡᠯᠡ ᠭᠦᠴᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠤ ᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢ ᠯ ᠦ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠲᠡᠷ ᠡ ᠰ ᠣᠯᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠬ ᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠲᠠ᠂ ᠢᠳ ᠡᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠦ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠳᠡᠳ ᠡᠨᠤᠰ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠳᠧᠩᠯ ᠦ ᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠵ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠳ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠵ ᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠭ ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠣᠰ ᠢ ᠤᠤ ᠰ ᠣᠯᠢᠷ ︱ ᠦ ᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠶ ᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦ ᠰ ᠬ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠂ ᠨᠥᠬᠦ ᠷᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠃ ᠤ ᠤᠯ ᠡ ᠷᠬᠡᠰ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠵ ᠤ ᠰ ᠠᠨᠰᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠪ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠢ ᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠵ ᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠳᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠥᠮᠪᠦ ᠷᠴᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠳ ᠠᠯ ᠳ ᠤ ᠣ ᠷᠤᠵᠤ ᠢᠷ ᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠳ ᠡᠨ ᠰ ᠢᠳᠠᠬ ᠤ ᠦ ᠵᠡᠭᠳ ᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠣ ᠯᠢᠷ ᠬᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠃ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤ ᠨ ᠪᠤ ᠳᠤᠯᠳ ᠠ︱ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠥ ᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠣ ᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳ ᠠᠯ ᠪᠦ ᠬᠦᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠣ ᠯᠪᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠤ ᠬᠤ ᠰᠡᠳ ᠬᠢᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢ ᠯᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠃ ᠲᠥᠰ ᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠤ ᠯᠳᠠ ︱ ᠣᠳ ᠣᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠢ ᠬᠤ ᠰᠡᠳ ᠭᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤ ᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠳ ᠦᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠃ 1᠂ ᠠᠯᠤ ᠰ ᠲ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠢ ᠵ ᠡᠭᠡᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠸᠩ ᠠᠰ ᠠᠪᠠ ᠠᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠢ ᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠯᠳ ᠤ ᠣ ᠳᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯᠵ ᠡᠬᠤ ᠮᠡᠳ ᠤ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭ ᠷᠢ ᠶ ᠢᠨ ᠬᠡ ᠷᠡᠯᠳ ᠤ ᠣ ᠳᠤᠳ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠡ ᠠᠰ ᠢᠭᠦᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠡ ᠯᠢ ᠶ ᠢᠨ ᠳ ᠸᠩ ᠠᠰ ᠠᠭᠰ ᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳ ᠤ᠃ 2᠂ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠦᠭ ᠪᠠᠷᠤ ᠭ ᠤ ᠭᠳᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠣᠶ ᠤᠮᠰᠤ ᠭ ᠰ ᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠡᠭᠡ ᠯᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠭ ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠠᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠡᠭᠡ ᠯᠢ ᠳ ᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠰ ᠠᠭᠠᠭ ᠳᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠽᠠᠮᠪᠤ ᠲᠢᠪ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠯᠳ ᠠᠰᠢ ᠥᠬᠡ ᠢ ᠬ ᠣᠪᠤᠷ ᠡᠷᠳ ᠡᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠢ ᠬ᠎ᠠ᠃ 3᠂ ᠬᠠᠷ ᠠᠭᠠᠴ ᠢ ᠲ ᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷ ᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠬᠦ ᠪ ᠬᠦ ᠢᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭ ᠷᠢ ᠶ ᠢᠨ ᠣ ᠶᠤᠳ ᠠᠯ ᠬᠢᠵᠡᠭ ᠠᠯᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠢ ᠥᠷ ᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠤ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠪᠣᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠯ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠭ ᠷᠢ ᠶ ᠢᠨ ᠣᠶᠤ ᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠤ ᠰᠯᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠨᠡᠬᠡ ᠮᠡᠯᠴ ᠢᠨ ᠥᠬᠢ ᠨ ᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠪᠡ ᠳᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠷ ᠤ ᠨᠤᠵᠤ ᠦᠶ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢ ᠯ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠢ︕ 4᠂ ᠲᠡᠳ ᠡ ᠬ ᠣᠶᠠᠭ ᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠮᠥᠴᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠭ ᠷᠢ ᠶ ᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠡᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠰᠡᠯᠡ ᠭᠦᠴᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠤ ᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢ ᠯ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠷ ᠡ ᠰ ᠣᠯᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠬ ᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠲᠠ᠂ ᠢᠳ ᠡᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠢ ᠪᠤ ᠯ ᠳᠡᠳ ᠡᠨᠤᠰ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠳᠧᠩᠯ ᠦ ᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠵ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠳ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠵ ᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠭ ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠣᠰ ᠢ ᠤᠤ ᠃ ᠵᠡᠭᠡ ᠯᠢ ᠶ ᠢᠨ ᠳ ᠸᠩ ︵ ᠬ ᠣᠯᠪᠤ ᠨ ᠪᠤ ᠳᠤᠯᠳᠠ ︶ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠯᠳ ᠤ ᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠭ ᠷᠢ ᠶ ᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠡᠭᠡ ᠯᠢ ︵ᠲᠥ ᠰᠦᠭᠡ ᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤ ᠭᠰᠠ ᠨ ︶ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠨᠡᠬᠡ ᠮᠡᠯᠴᠢ ᠨ ᠥ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭ ᠷᠢ ᠶ ᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠡᠭᠡ ᠯᠢ ᠪᠡ ᠷ ᠰᠡᠯᠡ ᠭᠦᠴᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤ ᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢ ᠬ᠎ᠠ ︵ᠲᠥ ᠰᠦᠭᠡ ᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤ ᠭᠰᠠ ᠨ ︶ ᠳᠡᠭ ᠷᠢ ᠶ ᠢᠨ ᠵ ᠠᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠡᠭᠡ ᠯᠢ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠨᠡᠬᠡ ᠮᠡᠯᠴᠢ ᠨ ᠥ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦ ᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶ ᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠳ ᠭᠢᠯᠭᠡ᠄ ᠪᠣᠴᠢ ᠭᠳᠡᠭ ᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠬ ᠤᠢ ᠵᠣ ᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭ ᠴᠢ ᠶ ᠢᠨ ᠲ ᠥᠰᠦ ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭ ᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭ ᠷᠢ ᠶ ᠢᠨ ᠵ ᠠᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠰ ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠭ ᠠᠯ ᠤ ᠨ ᠤ ᠷᠤᠰ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠬᠠ ᠷᠠᠬᠠ ᠨ ᠢᠷᠡ ᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠂ ᠬᠠ ᠷᠠᠩᠭ ᠤᠢ ᠨ ᠠᠢᠬᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠳ ᠠᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠳ ᠠᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠦ ᠨᠳᠤᠰ ᠤᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦ ᠨᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠴ ᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠦᠴ ᠢᠷ ᠵ ᠣᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠪ ᠰᠢᠩᠭ ᠤᠢ ᠰ ᠡᠬᠡᠬᠡᠳ ᠡᠳ ᠪᠤᠬᠢᠨ ᠢᠳᠤ ᠯ ᠡ ᠷᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠵᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮ ᠳᠠ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠳᠴ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠵ ᠠᠢ᠃ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶ ᠠᠭᠴ ᠢ ᠡᠢᠮ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠳ ᠠᠯ ᠳᠣ ᠣᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠬᠠ ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶ ᠠᠨ ᠴ ᠢᠨᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠢᠭ᠂ ᠵᠤᠯ ᠵᠢᠷᠭ ᠠᠯ ᠲᠠ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠳᠤᠷ ᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠦ ᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠦ ᠷᠥᠬᠡᠳᠴ ᠤ᠂ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠰᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦ ᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠶᠷᠳ ᠢᠨᠴᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠡᠶ ᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠦ ᠵ ᠢ ᠮ ᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠂ ᠭᠤᠨ ᠢᠭ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠩ᠂ ᠡᠷᠡ ᠭᠡᠯᠵ ᠡᠯ ᠵ ᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠳ ᠤᠯ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠯ ᠭᠡ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠦ ᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠥ ᠷᠦᠭᠳ ᠡᠭᠰᠡ ᠨ ᠪᠡᠢᠵ ᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭ ᠣᠶᠤᠮ ᠰᠤᠭ ᠰᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠬ ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠡ ᠭᠡᠯᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠂ ᠬ ᠣᠪᠤᠷ ᠡᠷᠳ ᠡᠨᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠠ ᠷᠠᠭ ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠭᠰ ᠠᠭᠠᠭ ᠳᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠨ ᠂ ᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠴᠢ ᠨ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠮ ᠡᠯᠴᠢ ᠨ ᠥᠬᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠴᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭ ᠤᠷᠢᠵ ᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠭ ᠎ᠠ ᠰ ᠠᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠠ ᠨ ᠴᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠢᠭ᠂ ᠵᠤᠯ ᠵᠢᠷᠭ ᠠᠯ ᠲ ᠠᠢ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠳᠤᠷ ᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲ ᠦᠰᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵ ᠠᠢ᠃ ᠰ ᠢᠳᠢᠳ ᠤ ᠦᠯ ᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠦᠬᠡᠷ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠦ ᠨᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠥᠬᠢ ᠨ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠰᠢ ᠯᠦᠭ ᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠦᠬᠡᠷ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠦ ᠨᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠥᠬᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠴᠢᠯᠥ ᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠳᠡ ᠨᠢᠬᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠠ ᠳᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠵᠤ ᠦ ᠶᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠵᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠷ ᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨ ᠵ ᠡᠭᠡᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠳᠧᠩᠯᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠦ ᠵᠢᠯᠡ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠡᠯᠡ ᠭᠦᠴᠡ ᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢ ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠠ ᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ ᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠡ ᠭᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠂ ᠵᠤᠯ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠ ᠯ ᠲ ᠠᠢ ᠠ ᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢ ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠃ ᠡᠷ ᠬᠡ ᠴᠢᠯᠥ ᠭᠡ ᠦ ᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠳᠡ ᠭᠷᠢ ᠶ ᠢᠨ ᠣᠶᠤ ᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠠ ᠭᠠᠭ ᠯᠠᠭᠳ ᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠯᠡ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠭ ᠎ᠠ ᠠ ᠭᠤᠯᠵ ᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠤᠨ ᠢᠭᠳ ᠤ ᠬ ᠤᠪᠥ ᠵᠠᠶᠠ ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠ ᠢ᠃ ᠢᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ᠄ ᠳᠡ ᠭᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠬ ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠡ ᠭᠡᠯᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠪᠣᠴᠢ ᠵᠦ ᠳᠡᠯᠳ ᠠ ᠪᠡ ᠷ᠄ ᠬᠥᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠶᠶ ᠷᠳᠢᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠳᠠ ᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠭᠠᠵᠠ ᠢ᠃ ᠬᠥ ᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠯ ᠦᠬᠡᠯ ᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠦᠰ ᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠭ ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠢ ᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠡᠴ ᠡ ᠪᠤᠳ ᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠳᠤᠷ ᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠨ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠷᠡᠴᠢ ᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠰᠠᠢ ᠨ ᠰ ᠠᠢᠬ ᠠᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠠ ᠨ ᠴᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠢᠭ᠂ ᠵᠤᠯ ᠵᠢᠷ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠲᠠ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠳᠤᠷ ᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠦ ᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠦ ᠷᠥᠬᠡᠳ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠢ ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠡᠳ ᠭᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠢᠯ ᠡᠳᠭᠡᠵ ᠡᠢ᠃ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶ ᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠡᠴ ᠡ ᠭᠣ ᠶᠤ ᠰ ᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠭ ᠷᠢ ᠶ ᠢᠨ ᠶᠶᠷᠳ ᠢᠨᠴᠤ ᠵᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠤ ᠭᠯᠠᠵ ᠤ᠂ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳ ᠤ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠳᠤᠷ ᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠨ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠵ ᠤ ᠰ ᠠᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠂ ᠪᠠ ᠶᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠡᠭᠡ ᠯᠢᠭ ᠂ ᠵᠤᠯ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠳᠤᠷ ᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠰ ᠡᠨ ᠮᠦᠷ ᠥᠬᠡᠳ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠢ ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠡᠳ ᠭᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠳ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ ᠃ 1᠂ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠰᠢᠯᠦ ᠭ ᠠᠭᠤ ᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡ ᠷᠢ ᠪᠡ ᠷ ᠢᠶ ᠡᠨ ᠲ ᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠦ ᠭ ᠲ ᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠳᠠᠬ ᠤ ᠪᠤ ᠢ ︖ 2᠂ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶ ᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠡᠴ ᠡ ᠭᠠᠵ ᠠᠷ ᠳ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠵᠠᠬᠡᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠯᠳ ᠤ ᠳ ᠧᠩ ᠡᠴ ᠡ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤ ᠨ ᠪᠣ ᠳᠤᠭᠰ ᠠᠨ ᠪᠤ ᠢ ︖ 3᠂ ︽ᠳᠡᠭ ᠷᠢ ᠶ ᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠡᠭᠡ ᠯᠢ ︾ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠢ ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠢ ︖ 4᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠢᠯᠡ ᠰᠢᠯᠦ ᠭ ᠲ ᠤ ᠭᠣ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠠ ᠷ ᠵᠣ ᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠴ ᠢᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯ ᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ ︖