ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠮᠡᠨᠴᠢ ᠱᠤᠭᠤᠮ

ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯ

ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ

ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠭᠲᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠢᠰᠠᠲᠦ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠳᠤᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠮᠲᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠪᠠ

ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠷᠠᠳ᠋ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠣᠮ ᠲᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠵᠢ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ

︽ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ︾ ᠰᠠᠯᠵᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠯᠠᠪᠠ

ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠷ ᠡᠷᠢᠬᠡ

ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ

ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠡᠮ ᠢ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ

ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠩᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤ ︵ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ︶

ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠩᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤ ︵ᠳᠣᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤ︶

ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ

ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠦᠷᠢᠮ

ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠲᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ

ᠪᠣᠳᠢ ᠭᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ

ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠳ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠵᠢ

ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ

︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ ᠪᠠ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ︾ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠤᠡᠭᠰᠢᠠᠠᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ

ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠰᠬᠦᠯᠡᠩ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠥᠰᠥᠪ — ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠨ 

ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠲᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠮᠲᠠ ᠰᠢᠪᠲᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ .docx

ᠬᠥᠷᠪᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ — ᠪᠢ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠁ ︵1964 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠫᠦᠯᠢᠽᠸᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠨᠢᠨ e ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ︶

ᠰᠢᠨ ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦᠯᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ 060501

ᠨᠤᠮ ᠤᠡᠭᠰᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯᠳᠡ --- ︽ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠢᠮᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ︾ ︵人类简史︶

︽ᠡᠵᠢ ᠮᠢᠨᠢ︾ - ᠮᠦᠸᠧ ᠶᠠᠨ - ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠪ — ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷ

ᠰᠤᠨᠳᠤᠷ - ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠪ — ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ 4

ᠨᠤᠮ ᠤᠡᠭᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠳᠠᠯᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ

ᠺᠢᠨᠣ᠋ ︿︿ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠲ᠋ᠠᠨᠨᠢᠺ﹀﹀ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠣᠯᠳᠠ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠯᠳᠡ

ᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ

︽ᠠᠹᠭᠠᠨᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠣᠳ︾ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠳᠠᠳᠣ ᠹᠢᠯᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠳᠡᠯ

︽ᠨᠤᠬᠠᠢ︾ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠷ ᠰᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ

︽ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠮᠠᠯ︾ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ

ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ ᠣᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡ

ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ

ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡ

ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡ

ᠰᠢᠨ ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ

ᠪᠢᠮᠪᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠷᠢᠨᠴᠢᠨ -- ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ︾

ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ — — ᠨ᠊᠂ ᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷ

ᠰᠢᠨ ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ 060901

ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠤ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ

︽ᠮᠦᠡᠭᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠤᠭᠤᠭ︾ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ 4

︽ᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ︾ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠤᠪ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠣᠳᠠᠭ ᠤᠭ ᠶᠤᠰᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ

︽ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ︾ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠤᠪ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠭ ᠶᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠳᠣᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠤ

︽ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ︾ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠣᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠭ ᠶᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ

︽ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠷᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠠᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ︾ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠣᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠤᠪ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠣᠳᠠᠭ ᠤᠭ ᠶᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠤ

︽ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠷᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠠᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ︾ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠣᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠤᠪ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠣᠳᠠᠭ ᠤᠭ ᠶᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠤ

ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠢᠮ

︽ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠢᠪᠡᠨᠡᠪᠠ︾ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ 3

ᠬᠠᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ