ᠵᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ — — ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ .pptx

, ᠵᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ , ᠦ᠊᠂ ᠰᠤᠮᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ , ᠲᠥᠰᠥᠪᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ᠄ ᠯᠢ ᠰᠢᠤ ᠯᠠᠨ , ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ᠄ 1. ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ᠃ 2. ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠵᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠤ᠂ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠃ 3. ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠣᠪᠤᠷ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠯᠳᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠃ ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ᠄ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠪᠳᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ᠂ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ᠂ ᠵᠥᠷᠢᠴᠡᠯ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠡᠮ ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠭᠦ᠃ ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠷᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ᠄ ᠨᠡᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠯ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠥᠷᠢᠴᠡᠯ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠬᠤ᠃ , ᠶᠠᠷᠦᠩᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠯ 1. ᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠯ 2. ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠢᠵᠢᠯᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠯ 3. ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠯ 4 . ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠯ ︵1~2︶ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ︵ᠨᠢᠭᠡ︶ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ︖ ᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠵᠥᠷᠢᠴᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠪᠡ︖ ᠵᠥᠷᠢᠴᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠪᠡ︖ ︵ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ︶ ᠰᠦᠩᠳᠦᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠢᠴᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠪᠠ︖ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠤ︖ ︵ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ︶ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯ᠃ 1.2.3.4.5. ︵ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡ︶ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯ᠃ ᠲᠠᠪᠤ᠂ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠳᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠬᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠳᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ ︵ᠨᠢᠭᠡ︶ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ᠄ 1.2. ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠳᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ ︵ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ︶ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠳᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ᠃ , ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠦ᠊᠂ ᠰᠤᠮᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ — ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠪᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠯᠵᠡᠢᠣ᠋ᠷᠤᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠮᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠥᠨᠢᠳ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠳᠦ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠢ᠃ ︽ᠰᠣᠯᠤᠩᠭ᠎ᠠ︾ ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷᠳᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠯ᠄ ︽ᠠᠶᠤᠩᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠰᠠᠢᠨᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠦ᠊᠂ ᠰᠤᠮᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢ︾ ︽ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠬᠦᠭᠡ︾ ︵ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢ︶ ︽ᠮᠠᠨᠠᠢᠬᠢ ᠮᠠᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠢᠯ︾ — ︵ᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢ︶ ︽ᠮᠢᠨᠦ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ — ᠲᠠᠰᠢᠷᠢ︾ ︵ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠵᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢ︶ ︽ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ — ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭ︾ ︽ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠩᠭᠦᠨ ᠵᠤᠯᠠ — ᠰᠥᠨᠢᠳ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯ︾ ︵ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠣᠮ︶ , ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ 1. ᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳᠦᠨ — ᠪᠣᠷᠭᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ — ᠰᠡᠬᠡᠭᠦᠨ — ᠴᠣᠮᠴᠦ᠋ᠵᠤ — ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢ — ᠲᠣᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ — ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ — ᠮᠤᠨᠳᠠᠭᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ — ᠮᠣᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ — ᠭᠤᠤᠵᠢᠵᠤ — ᠮᠦᠬᠤᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ — ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠴᠢᠬᠠᠵᠤ — ᠬᠠᠢᠩᠭᠤ — ᠰᠢᠨᠠ — ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ — ,[t∫orx],[bɔrgʃ],[səxu:n],[ t∫ɔ],[dæ],[tɔ],[xɔ᠄ ],[mʊ],[gʊ:],[mɔd],[ʃɪna:], ᠴᠥᠷᠬᠡ : ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ , ᠦᠬᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠳᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠤᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠤᠪᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ᠃ , ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ︔ ᠪᠦᠵᠢᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠰᠪᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ᠃ , ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠣᠪᠤᠷ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ , ᠥᠷᠦᠭᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠡᠪᠤᠳᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠵᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠬᠤ᠃ , ᠪᠠᠢᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ︔ ᠭᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ︔ ᠶᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠢᠷᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢ᠃ , ᠤᠭᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠤᠬᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠃ , ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ︔ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ︔ ,[tæ], ᠲᠣᠷᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ᠂ ᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠣᠭᠤᠰ ᠡᠳ᠋᠃ , ᠰᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠰᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠃ , ᠮᠤᠨᠳᠠᠭ ᠰᠦᠷᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠃ , ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠰᠦ ᠨᠣᠣᠰᠤ᠂ ᠥᠳᠦ ᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠤᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤᠨᠠᠬᠤ᠃ , ᠲᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠮᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠥᠷᠢᠭᠦᠳᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠃ , ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠰᠦ ᠨᠣᠣᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠤᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠤᠨᠠᠬᠤ᠃ , ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ᠃ , ᠰᠠᠨᠴᠢᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ᠃ , ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠩᠰᠠ᠃ , ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠳᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠢᠳᠤ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ , ᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠶᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠣᠷᠢ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠲᠣᠷᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤᠷ᠃ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠡᠯᠵᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ︵ᠬᠠᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠲᠤ ᠯᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ︶᠃ ,[xʊd],* ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠯᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠪᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃ , ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠤᠯᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠬᠤ᠃ ,2. ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠢᠵᠢᠯᠢ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠢᠷᠠᠵᠤ — ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠢᠵᠤ — ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ — ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢ — ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠳᠠᠢ — ᠤᠷᠤᠭ — ᠲᠤᠭ — ᠮᠠᠳᠠᠨ — ᠵᠤᠨ — ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ — ᠬᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ — ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠯᠳᠦᠵᠤ — ᠤᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ — ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠪᠠ᠃ ,[tʊ],[ɔ],[dʊ],[x],[g],[ga᠄ ],[a],[ga],[ʊ],[ ɔ],[ga:],[ga],[tʊ],[də],[ta],[ʊ],[t ɔ],[nə],[na],[ɔ],[ta],[da],[sʊ],[sɔ ],[ɪ],[i], ᠣᠴᠢᠵᠤ ~, ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠤ ~, ᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢ ~, ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ~, ᠲᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ~,,,,,,,,,,,,, ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ~, ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ~, ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡ ~, ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠨ ~,~ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠳᠠᠢ , ᠰᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ ~,~ ᠰᠠᠳᠤᠨ ,~ ᠮᠤᠷᠦ᠋ᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ , ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ~,~ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ,~ ᠵᠢᠰᠦᠮ , ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ~, ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ~,~ ~ ᠲᠣᠭᠰᠢᠬᠤ , ᠨᠣᠬᠠᠢ ~,~ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠷ ,~ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ,~ ᠢᠮᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ~ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠢ᠂ ~ ᠵᠠᠬ᠎ᠠ᠂ ~ ᠣᠪᠤᠬᠠᠢ , ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ~,~ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ , ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ~,~ ᠦᠰᠦ , ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ~,[tʊ],[dɔ],[dʊ],~ ᠨᠦᠷ ,~ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠳᠠᠬᠤ ,3. ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠭᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ — ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠶᠦᠮᠵᠢᠳ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ — ᠦᠰᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠣᠷᠢ ᠤᠨᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠭ — ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠨᠣᠭᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠬᠥᠷᠪᠡᠭᠦ ᠬᠥᠯᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ — ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠵᠤ — ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠴᠢᠬᠠᠵᠤ — ᠡᠭᠡᠵᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠴᠢᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠬᠤ — ᠨᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ — ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠯᠠ ᠦᠮᠦᠳᠤ ᠡᠮᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠢᠬᠠᠯ — ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠢᠰᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠦᠮᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ — ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠯ ᠴᠢᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠵᠤᠯᠠ ᠴᠢᠨᠢ ᠨᠤᠴᠦᠯ᠎ᠠ — , ᠬᠤᠪᠳᠤᠭ ᠰᠢᠨᠤᠬᠠᠢ᠂ , ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠷᠬᠢᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠠᠷᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠢᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ᠃ , ᠢᠳᠬᠠᠯ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠶᠦᠮᠵᠢᠳ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ , ᠬᠥᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠱᠠᠯᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠪᠰᠢᠭᠠᠢ᠃ , ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ᠃ , ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠥᠷᠦᠩᠭᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ᠃ , ᠦᠰᠦ ᠨᠣᠣᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠤᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠤᠨᠠᠬᠤ᠃ ︵ᠦ᠊︶ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠤᠯᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠬᠤ᠃ , ᠢᠵᠢᠯᠢᠰᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ᠃ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠤ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ , ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠭᠠᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠃ , ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠷᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ᠃ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠯ᠂ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠦᠢᠯᠠ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ᠃ , ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠤᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠃ ,※ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠴᠢᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠮᠵᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠃ , ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠨᠢᠨ ᠤ ,4. ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ,1978 ᠣᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠨᠾᠦ᠋ᠢ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠹᠤᠩᠶᠠᠩ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠣᠣ ᠭᠠᠩ ᠼᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠰᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠤ 18 ᠡᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠨ ︽ᠦᠬᠦᠵᠤ ᠰᠡᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ︾ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠨᠠᠯᠳᠠ 66 ᠲᠣᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ᠂ ᠥᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ 5 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠷᠥᠢ 1966~1970 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠨᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ 1958 ᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠢᠰᠢ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠩᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠬᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1982 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠧᠩ ᠰᠢᠶᠣᠣ ᠫᠢᠩ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ︽ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠰᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠢᠳᠭᠡᠯ︾ ᠬᠡᠭᠦ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠥᠭᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ 7% ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠷᠥᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ 22% ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠮᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠢᠯᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ , ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ,, ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ , ᠨᠡᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠥᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠥᠭᠴᠦ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠠᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠩᠨᠡᠬᠦᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠰᠦᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠠᠷᠥᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦᠤ ᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯᠳᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯᠳᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ︽ᠮᠠᠩᠵᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ︾ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ , ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ︵ᠨᠢᠭᠡ︶ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ︖ ᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠵᠥᠷᠢᠴᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠪᠡ︖ ᠵᠥᠷᠢᠴᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠪᠡ︖ , ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ᠃ , ᠰᠦᠩᠳᠦᠪ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠶᠦᠮᠵᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠵᠥᠷᠢᠴᠡᠯ᠄ ︽ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠣᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮ︾ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠦᠩᠳᠦᠪ ᠬᠤᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠶᠦᠮᠵᠢᠳ ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠷᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠡ᠃ , ᠰᠦᠩᠳᠦᠪ ᠪᠠ ᠮᠢᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠵᠥᠷᠢᠴᠡᠯ᠄ ᠮᠢᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠳ ︽ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠣᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮ︾ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠰᠦᠩᠳᠦᠪ ︽ᠲᠠᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠪᠡᠯ ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ︾ ᠬᠡᠭᠦ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃ , ᠬᠦᠩᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠮᠢᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠵᠥᠷᠢᠴᠡᠯ᠄ ᠬᠦᠩᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ︽ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ︾ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠢᠩᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠮᠢᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠳ ︽ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠣᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮ︾ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ , ᠵᠥᠷᠢᠴᠡᠯ᠄ , ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠬᠦᠩᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ︽ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ︾ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠥᠷᠢᠴᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠪᠡ᠃ , ︵ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ︶ ᠰᠦᠩᠳᠦᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠢᠴᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠪᠠ︖ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠤ︖ , ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠦᠩᠳᠦᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠢᠴᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ , ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠄ ᠬᠤᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠳ ᠡᠷᠳᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠴᠦ ᠤᠷᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠪᠡ᠃ , ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠄ ᠬᠤᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠯ ᠬᠢᠵᠤ ︽ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠮᠥ᠋ᠷᠡᠨ︾ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠳᠦ ᠬᠠᠢᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦᠳᠡᠵᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠪᠠ᠃ , ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠄ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠤᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠢᠴᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ︽ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠮᠥ᠋ᠷᠡᠨ︾ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠳᠦ ᠬᠠᠢᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠪᠠ᠃ , ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠄ ᠬᠦᠩᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠭᠦ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠦᠩᠳᠦᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠨᠳᠠ ᠬᠠᠢᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠪᠠ᠃ , ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ᠄ ᠰᠦᠩᠳᠦᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠮᠦᠷᠢᠴᠢ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠷᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠳᠠ ᠵᠤᠷᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠬᠠᠵᠠᠭᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ , ︵ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ︶ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯ᠃ P124~P125 ᠰᠦᠩᠳᠦᠪ᠂ ᠬᠤᠳᠳᠤᠭ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠯᠴᠠᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠵᠤ ᠁ ᠁ ᠠᠳᠠ ᠲᠡᠨᠳᠠ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠣᠣᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ 1. ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡ᠃ 2. ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ︖ 3. ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠪᠡ︖ , ᠰᠦᠩᠳᠦᠪ᠂ ᠶᠦᠮᠵᠢᠳ᠂ ᠮᠢᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ , ᠰᠦᠩᠳᠦᠪ᠄ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠮᠦᠷᠢᠴᠢ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠣᠮᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠵᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ , ᠶᠦᠮᠵᠢᠳ᠄ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠮᠦᠷᠢᠴᠢ᠂ ᠠᠰᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠮᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠳᠠᠢ᠂ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠩ ᠬᠠᠢᠷᠠᠳᠠᠢ᠃ , ᠮᠢᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ᠄ ᠠᠯᠵᠠᠭᠤ ᠵᠠᠯᠬᠠᠭᠤ᠂ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ , ᠰᠦᠩᠳᠦᠪ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠡᠬᠡᠯ ᠵᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠢᠳᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠢ᠃ ᠶᠦᠮᠵᠢᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠡᠬᠡᠯ ᠵᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠭᠦᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠢ᠃ ᠮᠢᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠲᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠤᠯᠢᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠢ᠃ , ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠠ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠦᠯ᠂ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ᠂ ᠬᠠᠵᠠᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ,4. ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠷᠤᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠢᠭ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠂ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯ᠃ ᠰᠡᠬᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ — ᠠᠳᠠ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠮᠦᠬᠤᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ — ᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠬᠡᠵᠤ — ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠨᠤᠳᠠᠭ — ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠶᠦᠮᠵᠢᠳ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ — ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ — ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ — ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠤᠷᠢᠬᠤ — , ᠮᠦᠬᠤᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠠᠳᠠ ᠴᠢᠳᠭᠦᠷ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠠᠭᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠵᠢᠭ ᠵᠥᠷᠢᠭᠦᠳ ᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠃ , ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠯ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠷᠡᠩ ᠤᠮᠤᠭᠳᠠᠢ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠬᠤ᠃ , ᠮᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠃ , ᠮᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠰᠥᠨᠢᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠮᠠᠨᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ , ᠢᠳᠬᠠᠯ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ , ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠶᠦᠮᠵᠢᠳ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ , ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠥᠪ ᠬᠥᠷᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠰᠢᠮ᠎ᠡ , ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠃ , ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ,⑴ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠨᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ , ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠢᠩᠭᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ᠃ ⑵ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠠᠳᠡᠬᠦᠤ ᠲᠠᠰᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠬᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ᠃ ,5. ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠯᠭᠡ᠂ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯ᠃ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ᠄ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳᠠᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠴᠦ᠋ᠬᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠢᠯᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ᠂ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠯᠭᠡ᠂ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ , ᠁ ᠤᠷᠤᠭ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠮᠤᠭᠯᠠᠩ ᠲᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠬᠡᠩ ᠬᠡᠭᠡᠩ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠠᠯᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠤᠨᠢᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠨ ᠰᠦᠯᠪᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠨᠢᠳ ᠠᠶᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠩᠭᠤᠴᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠰᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠥᠵᠤ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠤᠵᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠤᠷᠤᠭ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠰᠠᠬᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠥᠵᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠢᠷᠪᠠᠭᠠᠨᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠷᠤᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠰᠢᠭ ︽ᠬᠤᠷ︾ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠠ ᠬᠤᠩᠰᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠠᠢᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠷᠪᠠᠢᠵᠤ ᠰᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠢᠷᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ , ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ᠄ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠬᠡᠯ ᠵᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠢ ᠠᠶᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠬᠦᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠡᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠰᠤᠷᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠠᠵᠠᠭᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠣ᠂ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠦᠷᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ‍ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠣᠪᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ᠃ , ᠤᠷᠤᠭ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ᠂ ᠣᠪᠤᠷ ᠰᠤᠷᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠬᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠳᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠴᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ᠂ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠠᠳᠤᠭᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠷᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠤᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠩᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠩᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠦᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠴᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ , ︵ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡ︶᠂ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯ᠃ P127 ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ︽ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠪᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠪᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠣᠷᠭᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨᠡᠵᠤ ᠰᠢᠵᠢᠷ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠯᠵᠠᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠦᠩᠳᠦᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠪᠰᠢᠬᠦᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠨᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠷᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠱᠠ ᠨᠥᠮᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠢᠷᠠᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠯᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠦᠩᠳᠦᠪ᠂ ᠶᠦᠮᠵᠢᠳ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠨᠢᠶᠠᠮᠰᠦᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠨᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠣᠣᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠰᠭᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠥᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠪᠠᠴᠢᠵᠤ ᠤᠪᠤᠭᠠᠯᠬᠠᠤ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠯ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠴᠠᠭᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠯ᠎ᠠ︾ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠤᠢ︖ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠲᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠢ︖ , ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ᠃ , ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯᠳᠠ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠰᠬᠡᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ , ︽ᠰᠢᠵᠢᠷ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ︾᠂ ︽ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ︾᠂ ︽ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ︾ ᠬᠡᠭᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ︽ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠢᠨᠢᠶᠡᠮᠰᠦᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ︾᠂ ︽ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠯ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠭ︾ ᠬᠡᠭᠦ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠰᠠᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠮᠠᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠯ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠮᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠯᠳᠦᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ , ᠲᠠᠪᠤ᠂ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠳᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ ︵ᠨᠢᠭᠡ︶ 1. ᠮᠢᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠪᠡ︖ 100 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡ᠃ , ᠲᠠᠮ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠶᠦᠮᠵᠢᠳ ᠰᠦᠩᠳᠦᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯ᠂ ᠶᠦᠮᠵᠢᠳ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠦᠩᠳᠦᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ , ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮᠵᠢᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ︵ᠬᠦᠩᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ︶ ︽ᠬᠦᠩᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠥᠴᠦᠭᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ ︿ᠪᠢᠳᠠ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠠᠢ﹀ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡ︾ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠰᠦᠩᠳᠦᠪ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤ ᠶᠦᠮᠵᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠶᠡᠪᠡᠷᠬᠦᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ︽ᠮᠠᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠬᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ᠬᠦᠩᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠤᠤ︖︾ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠶᠦᠮᠵᠢᠳ ᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠯᠵᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ︽ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠠ᠂ ᠬᠦᠩᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠠᠷᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ︿ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠢᠰᠬᠢᠪᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ﹀ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡᠳᠠ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠰᠢᠤ︾ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠰᠦᠩᠳᠦᠪ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠯ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠷᠡᠩ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠮᠢᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ,2. ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠮᠢᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠢᠦᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦ