ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠹᠦᠵᠢᠨᠤ᠋ .pptx

ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠹᠦᠵᠢᠨᠤ᠋,ᠯᠦ ᠰᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ,ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ,1᠂ ᠳᠣᠰ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠹᠦᠵᠢᠨᠤ᠋ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠷᠤᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠨ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮ ᠳᠡᠬᠡᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠤᠬᠠᠵᠤ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ 2᠂ ᠳᠣᠰ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠭᠣᠣᠯᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠳᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ 3᠂ ᠯᠦ ᠰᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠢᠷᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃,ᠯᠦ ᠰᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ︱︵ 1881︱1936︶ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠢ᠂ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠭᠠᠯᠴᠢ᠃ ᠤᠭ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠸᠦ ᠱᠣ ᠿᠸᠨ᠂ ᠵᠸᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠤᠤ ᠰᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ︵1902︱1909︶ᠶᠠᠫᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠳᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠳᠤᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠬᠡᠯ᠄ ︽ᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠳᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ︾ ︽ᠠ᠊ Q ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠩᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠮᠳᠠᠷ︾ ︽ᠥᠷᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠦᠳᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠡᠮ︾ ︽ ᠬᠠᠰᠭᠢᠷᠤᠯ︾,ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ,ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠹᠦᠵᠢᠨᠤ᠋ ︱︵1874︱1945︶ ᠶᠠᠫᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠹᠦᠺᠦ᠋ᠶᠢ᠋ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠯᠦ ᠰᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠸᠨ᠋ᠳᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ᠃,ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ,︽ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠹᠦᠵᠢᠨᠤ᠋ ︾ ᠬᠡᠭᠦ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠭᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠯᠦ ᠰᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠫᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃,ᠥᠭᠡ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠢᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢ,ᠲᠤᠤᠺᠢᠤ᠋ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ,ᠰᠠᠺᠦ᠋ᠷᠠ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ,ᠹᠦᠵᠢᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ,︽ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠶᠤᠳᠠᠨ︾︱ ᠳᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠫᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠶᠢ ᠣᠴᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠲᠤᠤᠺᠢᠤ᠋ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠩ ᠸᠸᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠌ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠫᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠶᠤᠳᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠶᠡᠬᠢ︱ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠣᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠣᠪᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠠᠳᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ︱ ᠬᠡᠳᠤᠢ ᠴᠦ᠋ᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠣᠳᠤᠮ ᠳᠠᠳᠤᠢ ᠦᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ᠃ ᠬᠦᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢ︱ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠨᠣᠭᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠪᠣᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠬᠡᠷᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ᠃ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ︱ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠳᠠᠪᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠃ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠯᠣᠷᠵᠣᠣ︱ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ᠃ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠴᠢᠬᠤ︱ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠃ ᠪᠢᠨᠳᠤ| ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠥᠭᠦᠷᠢᠭ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ᠃,ᠬᠦᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ︱ ᠹᠸᠣᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠳᠡᠳ ᠦᠨᠳᠤᠰᠤᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ᠌ ᠬᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃,ᠨᠠᠮᠠᠨᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠢ︱ ᠵᠠᠯᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ᠃,ᠪᠢᠪᠯᠢ︱ ᠡᠾᠷᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ᠃,ᠲᠣᠯᠰᠲ᠋ᠣᠢ︱︵1828︱1910︶ ᠣᠷᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠢ᠃ ᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ︽ᠳᠠᠢᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠩᠬᠡ︾᠂︽ ᠰᠡᠬᠡᠬᠡᠷᠡᠯᠳᠡ︾ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃,《 ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠣᠷᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠣᠷᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠡ》︱ ᠳᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠬᠣᠴᠤᠷᠤᠩᠭᠤᠢ᠂ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠢᠨᠴᠤᠬᠦᠷᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠪᠤᠰᠠᠨᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ︱ ᠰᠠᠮᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠃ ᠴᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠭᠢᠷ᠎ᠡ︱ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠠᠭᠤ᠃ ᠤᠷᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ︱ ᠤᠷᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ᠃ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠤᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠤ︱ ᠬᠡᠷᠰᠡᠦᠯᠡᠵᠤ᠃ ᠬᠣᠨᠤᠭᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ︱ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠃,ᠯᠦ ᠰᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ,ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢᠯᠠᠯ,ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠹᠦᠵᠢᠨᠤ᠋,,ᠨᠢᠬᠡᠳᠤᠬᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ︵1︱2︶ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ,ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ︵3︱31︶ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ,ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ︵32︱34︶ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ,,ᠯᠦ ᠰᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠤᠤᠺᠢᠤ᠋ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠤ ᠰᠣᠨᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠤ ᠲᠤᠤᠺᠢᠤ᠋ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠸᠨ᠋ᠳᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠴᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃,,ᠯᠦ ᠰᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ᠂ ᠰᠸᠨ᠋ᠳᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠴᠢᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠣᠴᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠹᠦᠵᠢᠨᠤ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠶᠠᠫᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠤᠰᠤᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠪᠴᠤᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠤᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠹᠦᠵᠢᠨᠤ᠋ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃,ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠰᠸᠨ᠋ᠳᠠᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠠᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠣᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠹᠦᠵᠢᠨᠤ᠋ ᠵᠢ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠥᠬᠡᠳᠴᠤ ᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃,,ᠯᠦ ᠰᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠹᠦᠵᠢᠨᠤ᠋ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤᠳᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ︖,,ᠯᠦ ᠰᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠯᠳᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠵᠤ ᠥᠭᠳᠡᠭ᠃,ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠹᠦᠵᠢᠨᠤ᠋ ᠯᠦ ᠰᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠢ ᠥᠷᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠱᠣ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠵᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠪᠤᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠠᠶᠢᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃,ᠯᠦ ᠰᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃,ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠠᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃,ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠹᠦᠵᠢᠨᠤ᠋ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ,ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠷᠤᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠨ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠳᠠ᠂ ᠲᠤᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠪᠤᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠩᠭ᠎ᠠ᠃,ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠹᠦᠵᠢᠨᠤ᠋ ᠨᠠᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠣᠳᠤᠨᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠳᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠡᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠣᠷ︽ ᠪᠢ︾ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠰᠳᠠᠭ᠃,ᠯᠦ ᠰᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠰᠸᠨ᠋ᠳᠠᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ︖,,ᠯᠦ ᠰᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠶᠠᠫᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠤᠰᠤᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠪᠴᠤᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠤᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃,ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨᠴᠤᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠤᠷᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠡᠷᠢᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠺᠢᠨᠣ᠋ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠷᠬᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠠᠳᠠ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠭᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠯ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠦᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠷᠬᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠶᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠢᠨᠴᠤᠬᠦᠷᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃,ᠯᠦ ᠰᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠢᠨᠴᠤᠬᠦᠷᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠮ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠯᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠦᠨᠳᠤᠰᠤᠳᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠣᠶᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠨᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠪᠴᠢᠵᠤ ᠤᠳᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠯᠦ ᠰᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ᠂ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠯ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠵᠠᠶᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠳᠠ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠵᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃,ᠯᠦ ᠰᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ,,ᠲᠤᠤᠺᠢᠤ᠋ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ,ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠶᠤᠳᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠵᠠᠷᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃,ᠰᠸᠨ᠋ᠳᠠᠢ,ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠹᠦᠵᠢᠨᠤ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃,ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ,ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠹᠦᠵᠢᠨᠤ᠋ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠥᠬᠡᠳᠴᠤ᠂ ᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃,ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠹᠦᠵᠢᠨᠤ᠋ ᠨᠠᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠣᠳᠤᠨᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠳᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠡᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠣᠷ︽ ᠪᠢ︾ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠰᠳᠠᠭ᠃,ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ,1᠂ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢᠬᠡᠳᠤᠬᠡᠷ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠨᠢᠬᠡᠳᠤᠬᠡᠷ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳᠠᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠨᠠᠮᠰᠢᠬᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠵᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠠᠳᠠᠢ᠃ 2᠂ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠳᠤᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠱᠥᠷᠪᠦᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠬᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠨᠢᠳᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠰᠤᠭᠤᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠩᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ᠃ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠠᠰᠢ ᠡᠮᠤᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠳᠡᠵᠤ ᠣᠷᠬᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠪᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠮᠤᠰᠴᠤ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 3᠂ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠳᠤᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠤᠨᠤᠪᠴᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃,ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠤᠳᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ,ᠳᠤᠰ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠯᠦ ᠰᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠴᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠥᠬᠡᠳᠴᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠹᠦᠵᠢᠨᠤ᠋ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠷᠤᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠨ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠴᠢᠩᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮ ᠳᠡᠬᠡᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠳᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠢᠷᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠢᠴᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃,ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢ᠃,ᠳᠠᠰᠭᠠᠯ,