8 ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ .pdf

ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠽᠠᠩ ᠺᠧ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠲᠠ ⒈ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠢᠴᠢ ᠶᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠪ ᠴᠢᠲᠠ ᠢ ᠮᠠ ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠩᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠ ᠴ ᠢᠩᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠮ ᠵᠢ ᠪᠦᠲ ᠦᠴᠡ ᠲᠠ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠ ᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠡ ᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠢᠯ ᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ⒉ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠳ ᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠭᠢᠯᠤᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠴᠠᠯᠭᠢᠯ ᠠᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠯ ᠭᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠣᠢᠯ ᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠ ᠴᠢᠬᠤ ᠵᠢ ᠳᠠ ᠭᠠᠦ ᠤᠶᠠ ᠩᠭᠠᠯ ᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠮ ᠵᠢᠯᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠴ ᠢ ᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠣᠢᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠦ ᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ ᠳᠤᠭᠰ ᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠ ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ⒊ ᠸᠧᠨ ᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠸ ᠸ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠩᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠪᠤᠷ ᠰᠤᠷ ᠲᠠᠯ᠂ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠴᠦ ᠦᠯ ᠦ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠡ ᠴᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠣᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠯᠭᠢᠯ ᠠᠭᠰᠠ ᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢᠶᠡ ᠨ ᠬᠠ ᠢᠷᠠ ᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠ ᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠯ ᠭᠡ᠂ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠲᠦᠯ ᠲᠠ ᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠴ ᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠ ᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠣᠨᠤᠪ ᠴᠢᠲᠠ ᠢ ᠶᠶᠷᠳᠢᠨᠴ ᠦ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦ ᠵᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠢ ᠯᠢ︱ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠮ ᠵᠢ ᠨᠠ ᠢᠷᠠ ᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯ ⒈ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤᠨ᠄ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠵᠡ ᠯ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠵᠦ ᠲᠣᠳ ᠤᠷᠬ ᠠᠢᠯᠠ ᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ⒉ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠮ ᠵᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨᠲ ① ᠣᠨᠣᠯᠲᠠ ② ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ③ ᠨᠤᠲᠠᠯ ᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠳ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠵᠡ ᠯᠲᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠣᠨᠣᠯᠲᠠ ᠰᠠ ᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠣᠨᠣᠯᠲᠠ ᠣᠨᠣᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠ ᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠲᠠ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠲᠠ ᠣᠨᠣ ᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠰ ᠬᠠᠵᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠦᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠨᠣᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠵᠤ ᠦᠭᠦᠯ ᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠ ᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠣᠨᠤᠯᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ᠄ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠲᠠ ᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠴ ᠡ ᠨᠤᠲᠠᠯ ᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠦ ᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠠ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷ ᠡᠭ ᠶᠠ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠢᠨ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠢᠶᠡ ᠷ ᠦᠪᠡ ᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡ ᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠴ ᠡ ᠨᠣᠲᠠᠯ ᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠ ᠮ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠣᠨᠣᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠨᠢᠴ ᠤᠭᠠᠯ ᠲᠠ᠄ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠰᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠦᠵᠡ ᠯᠲᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠴ ᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠴ ᠤᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠳ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡ ᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠨ᠎ᠡ ⒊ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠮ ᠵᠢᠯᠡ ᠨ ᠦᠭᠦᠯ ᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠮ ᠵᠢ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠬᠤ ︱ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯ ᠬᠤ ︱ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠢᠳ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡ ᠬᠦ ①ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠦᠪᠡ ᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡ ᠯᠲᠡ᠂ ᠣᠪᠤᠷ ᠢᠶᠡ ᠨ ᠪᠣᠰᠬᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ②ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯ ᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠦᠵᠡ ᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯ ᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡ ᠳ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠲᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ③ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠢᠳ ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠡ ᠨ ᠣᠨᠣ ᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴ ᠢᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠬᠣᠶᠠ ᠷ᠂ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠ ᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠽᠠᠩ ᠺᠧ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ︵1905.10. 08 --2004.0 2.0 5)| ᠱᠠᠨᠳᠦ ᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠸᠧᠢ ᠹᠠᠩ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠴᠧᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ᠂ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠽᠠᠩ ᠶ ᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ᠂ ᠪᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠱᠣᠣ ᠴᠢᠤᠸᠠᠨ ︵ ᠾᠸ ᠵᠢᠶ ᠠ ︶᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠸᠧᠨ ᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠸᠸ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠪᠢ᠂ ᠮ ᠥᠨ ᠴᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢᠶᠡ ᠨ ᠬᠠᠢᠷᠠ ᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠵᠡ ᠯᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ︽ ᠲᠠ ᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢ ᠨ ᠰᠢᠯ ᠦᠭᠴᠢ ︾ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠲᠠ ᠢ᠃ ︽ ᠢᠮ ᠲᠠᠮᠠ ᠭ᠎ᠠ ︾ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠠ ᠢ᠃ ᠸᠧᠨ ᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠸ ᠸ ︵18 99 — 1946 ︶︱ ᠬᠤᠪᠧᠢ ᠮᠣᠵᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰ ᠢᠱᠦᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠮ ᠲᠡᠨ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠳᠴ ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠ ᠨ ᠦᠵᠡ ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ ᠯᠳᠤᠭᠴᠢ᠃ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠯ ᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠬᠤ︱ ᠮᠡᠷᠡᠢ ᠬᠦ᠂ ᠴᠢᠷᠮ ᠠᠢᠬᠤ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠ ᠢᠬᠤ᠄ ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠬᠤ᠃ ᠮᠡᠷᠡᠢ ᠨ︱ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠢ ᠴᠢᠳᠠ ᠯ ᠢᠶᠡ ᠷ ᠢᠶ ᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠷᠮ ᠠᠢᠬᠤ᠃ ᠵᠤᠷ ︱ ᠡᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠ ᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠢ ᠶᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠭᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ᠃ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡ ᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲ ᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡ ᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠ ᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢ ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠥᠮ ᠨᠦᠭᠡ omn oː︱ ① ᠦᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣ᠄ ᠥᠮ ᠨᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ᠃ ② ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ᠂ ᠦᠪᠡ ᠷ ᠢᠶ ᠡᠨ᠄ ᠪᠢ ᠥᠮ ᠨᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢ ᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠰᠦ ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠯ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠠᠯᠮ ᠠᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ︱ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠰᠠᠷᠨ ᠢᠵᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠯ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠ ᠬᠤ᠃ ᠰᠦᠭ soɡ ︱ ① ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠮ᠎ᠡ᠂ ᠰᠦᠨᠡᠰᠦ᠃ ② ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ᠄ ᠰᠦᠭ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠃ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡ ᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠨ ᠰᠦᠭ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠪ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠣᠪᠤᠭᠠᠯ ᠠᠭᠰᠠ ᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠬᠦᠭᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ︱ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠ ᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠰᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠤᠨᠵᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠨᠣᠣᠷ ᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠮ ᠬᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯ ᠵᠢᠯᠡ ᠬᠦ᠃ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠤ︱ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠮᠳᠠᠨ ᠴ ᠢᠷᠮᠠ ᠢᠭᠰᠠ ᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ ᠳᠠᠯ᠃ ᠡᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠪᠤᠷ ︱ ᠶᠠ ᠭᠤᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠴᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠠ ᠭ ᠡᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠨ ᠶᠠ ᠭᠤᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠤᠳᠬᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠯᠢ ᠪᠦᠲ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠ ᠯ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠷᠲ ᠦ ᠰᠡ ᠳᠭᠢᠯ ︱ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠠᠭᠴ ᠠ ᠰᠠ ᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ᠃ ᠰᠥᠬᠦᠭᠡᠵᠦ ︱ ᠨᠢᠴ ᠤᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠦ ᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ᠃ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠯᠲᠠ ⒈ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠬ ᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠴ ᠡ ᠸᠧᠨ ᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠸ ᠧ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠭᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ︽ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ︾ ᠬᠣᠶᠠ ᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠢᠴ ᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ︖ ① ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠲᠠ ᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ② ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯᠴ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲ ᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ⒉ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠲᠠ ᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠸᠧᠨ ᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠸᠧ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ︖ ︽ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠴᠢᠬᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠢᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠪᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠢᠴ ᠢᠬᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠳᠡᠭ ︾ ︽ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠴᠢᠬᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢ ᠵᠤ ᠮᠡ ᠳᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠂ ᠪᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠬᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ︾ ︽ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠬᠡᠭᠡᠳ ︾ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ ︽ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠬᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠬᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠰᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ︾ ⒊ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠲᠠ ᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠸᠧᠨ ᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠸ ᠧ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡ ᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ︖ ︽ ᠲᠠ ᠩ ᠤᠯ ᠤᠰ ᠤ ᠨ ᠰᠢᠯ ᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠪᠤᠷ ᠦᠭᠦᠯ ᠡᠯ ︾ ︽ ᠴᠥ᠋ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠶᠠ ᠩᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠭᠤᠭ ᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ︾ ︽ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠠᠢᠯ ᠪᠤᠷᠢ ︾ ⒋ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯᠴ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠸᠧᠨ ᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠸᠧ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢ ᠨ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ︖ ︽ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠭᠰᠡᠨ ︾ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ︽ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ︾ ᠡᠬᠢᠯ ᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ︽ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠮᠡᠭᠴᠡ ᠬᠢᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠬᠡᠯ ᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠲᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ︾ ⒌ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡ ᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯᠴ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠸᠧᠨ ᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠸᠧ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ︖ ① ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠣᠣᠷᠬᠠᠯ ᠠᠭᠰᠠ ᠨ ② ᠣᠯᠠ ᠨ ᠲᠦᠮ ᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠ ᠭᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ③ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠦ ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠ ᠭᠰᠠᠨ ⒍ ᠸᠧᠨ ᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠸᠧ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠠ ᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠯ ᠪᠢᠯᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠ ᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠣᠷᠤᠨᠴᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠲᠡᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠ ᠨ ᠦᠵᠡ ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠢ ᠯᠳᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠸᠧᠨ ᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠸᠧ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠮᠥᠰᠦ ᠵᠠ ᠩ ᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠩᠭᠤᠢᠯ ᠠ᠃ ᠸᠧᠨ ᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠸ ᠧ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠭᠠᠢ ᠦᠪᠡ ᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠠ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡ ᠯ ᠭᠠᠪᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠳᠭᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠨ ᠦᠯ ᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴ ᠢᠬᠤ᠂ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠯ ᠬᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ ᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠤ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡ ᠩᠭᠦᠢ᠃ ⒍ ᠸᠧᠨ ᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠸ ᠧ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠣᠢᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠦ ᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡ ᠯ ᠰ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠨᠴ ᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢ ᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ︖ ᠡᠮ ᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠢᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲ ᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠷ ᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠡᠴ ᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠡᠰᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠨ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰ ᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠨ ᠦᠮ ᠨᠦᠭᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠡᠰᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ ᠵᠢᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠡ ᠨ ᠰᠢᠪᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ ᠵᠤ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠦᠷ ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡ ᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠪᠠ ᠃ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠠᠷᠠᠳᠴᠢᠯ ᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠡ ᠮᠡᠴᠡ ᠨ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮ ᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠯ ᠡᠨ᠂ ᠳᠠᠢᠰᠤᠩᠨᠠ ᠭᠴᠢ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠭᠢᠰ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠬᠡᠭᠯ ᠡᠯ ᠡᠴ ᠡ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠡ ᠴᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ᠰ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠ ᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠲᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠴ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠣᠷᠤᠨᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯᠴ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠨ ᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠦ ᠡ ᠬᠡ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢᠶᠡ ᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠦ ᠢᠯᠡ ᠬᠣᠶᠠ ᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠲᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠸᠧᠨ ᠢ ᠳ᠋ ᠦᠸᠧ ᠠᠪᠤᠭ ᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠷᠳᠦ ᠰᠡ ᠳᠭᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠨ᠂ ᠬᠣᠷᠤᠮ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ᠂ ᠠᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯ ᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠠ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡ ᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠ ᠨ ᠴᠦ ᠶᠠ ᠭᠤ ᠴᠦ ︽ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠭᠡ ᠦ ᠭᠡᠢ ︾ ᠪᠠᠢ ᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠ ᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳᠴ ᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠲ ᠡᠮᠡᠴ ᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮ ᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠡᠴᠡ ︽ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦ ︾᠂ ᠦᠬᠦᠵᠦ ᠰᠡᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠ ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠵ ᠤ ︽ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ︾ ᠲᠠ ᠭᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ︽ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠣᠶᠠ ᠷ ︾ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠴᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠲᠦᠯᠳᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠠ ᠢ᠃ ᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠴ ᠠᠯᠢᠭ ⒈ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴ ᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠤ ᠳ ᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠯᠡᠯ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯ ᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡ ᠪᠡ᠃ ⒉ ᠰᠢᠯ ᠵᠢᠯᠳᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠳᠡ ᠮᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠪᠡ ᠃ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩᠨᠡᠯ ᠲᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠣᠶᠠ ᠷ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠲᠠ ᠨ ᠸᠧᠨ ᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠸᠧ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠯᠴᠢ ᠸᠧᠨ ᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠸᠧ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ ᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ① ︽ ᠲ ᠠᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠷᠢᠶ ᠡᠪᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶ ᠠᠪᠤᠷ ︾ ② ︽ ᠴᠥ᠋ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠶᠠ ᠩᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠭᠤᠭᠤᠯᠭ ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠠ ᠯᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ︾ ③ ︽ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠤ ᠨ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠲ ᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ︾ ︽ ᠬᠢᠴ ᠢᠬᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠂ ᠬᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠰᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠦ ︾ ᠰᠢᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠠ ᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡ ᠮᠲᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ ᠨ ᠦᠢ ᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ① ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠥ ᠷᠦ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠠ ᠭᠤᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠣᠣᠷᠬᠠᠯ ᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ② ᠣᠯᠠ ᠨ ᠲ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠤᠭ ᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ③ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠦ ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠯ ᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠮᠡᠭᠴᠡ ᠬᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠂ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠲᠦᠯ ᠲ ᠠᠢ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠠ ᠰᠠ ᠢᠳᠤ ᠵᠢ ᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠤ ᠲᠠ ᠭᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠠᠢᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ