高考 ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ᠂ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ .pdf

ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠ ᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ ᠨ ᠡᠯᠸᠮ ᠸᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠣᠨ᠋ᠤᠯ ᠲᠠ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠢ ᠮᠳᠠ᠂ ᠨᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ 1. ᠣᠨ᠋ᠤᠯ ᠳᠠ ◎ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡ ᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠠᠰᠠ ᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠠ ᠨᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠣᠪᠤᠷ ᠦᠵᠡ ᠯᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋ ᠢ ᠵᠠ ᠳᠠᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ◎ ᠣᠨ᠋ᠤᠯ ᠳᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠪᠠᠯ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ ᠲ ᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠂ ᠲ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠨ ᠬ ᠤᠷᠢᠶ ᠠᠩᠭ ᠤᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ ᠢ᠋ᠢ ᠡᠨ ᠲ ᠤᠪᠤᠢ ᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠃ ◎ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ᠋ᠤᠯ ᠳᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠦ ᠮᠵᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠ ᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠰᠦᠭ ᠰᠦᠨ᠋ᠡ ᠰᠦ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠ ᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠳᠠᠭ ᠂ ᠰ ᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠣᠨ᠋ᠤᠯ ᠳᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠰ ᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ◎ ᠤᠨ᠋ᠤᠯ ᠳᠠ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷ ᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡ ᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ ᠢ ᠠᠩᠬ ᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡ ᠢ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠣᠨ᠋ ᠤᠯᠳᠠ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢ ᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡ ᠯᠳᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠠ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡ ᠷᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠷ ᠴᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠷ ᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠃ ◎ ᠪᠠ ᠷᠢᠮᠳᠠ ᠠ᠋ᠴᠠ ᠤᠨ᠋ᠤᠯ ᠳᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠴᠢᠯ ᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠢ ᠮᠳᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠨ᠋ᠤᠯ ᠳᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯ ᠡᠴᠢᠯ ᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯ ᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠ ᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯ ᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠶ᠋ ᠢ ᠦᠨ᠋ ᠡᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡ ᠷᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶ᠋ ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡ ᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠃ ᠤᠨ᠋ᠤᠯ ᠳᠠ ᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠳᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠩᠬ ᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠵᠠᠪᠠ ᠯ ᠬ ᠤᠷᠴᠠ ᠤᠨ᠋ᠤᠪᠴᠢᠳᠠ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠠ ᠢ᠃ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡ ᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠠ ᠢ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ ᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡ ᠯ᠄᠁ ᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠂᠁ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴ ᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠁ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠁ ᠨᠢᠴᠤᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠁ ᠬᠠᠢᠷᠠ ᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠁ᠬᠣᠷᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ᠃ 2. ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠠ ᠪᠤᠳ ᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢ ᠮᠳᠠ ︱ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠮᠠ ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠯ᠂ ᠲ ᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠠ᠂ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠡ ᠷᠡᠭ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ᠂ ᠥᠪᠡ ᠷ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠳᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡ ᠭ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠷᠬᠤ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ᠄ ◎ᠦᠨ᠋ ᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳᠠᠢ᠂ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠂ ᠨᠡᠢᠳᠡᠯ ᠢᠭ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠬ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠠ ᠢ᠃ ◎ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨ᠋ᠠ ᠷ ᠢ᠋ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠣᠨ᠋ᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠭ ᠬ ᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠ ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠬ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠠ ᠢ᠃ ᠣᠨ᠋ᠤᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠠ ︱ ᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠳᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠰ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠯ᠂ ᠰ ᠣᠩᠭᠤ ᠳᠠᠭ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠ ᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠂ ᠣᠨ᠋ᠤᠯ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ᠂ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠷ ᠰᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠨ᠋ᠤᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠃ ᠣᠨ᠋ᠤᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢ ᠮᠳᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠷᠬᠤ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠯ᠄ ◎ᠤᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠠ ᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡ ᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠠ ᠢ᠃ ◎ᠲᠤᠮ ᠳᠠ ᠠ᠋ᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ◎ᠤᠤᠯ ᠰᠠᠨ᠋ᠠ ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠦᠢ ᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠡ ᠠ᠋ᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡ ᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠳᠡ ᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠯ ᠡᠳᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯ ᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡ ᠯᠳᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠬ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠠ ᠢ᠃ 3.ᠨᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠨᠤᠳᠠ ᠯᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠨᠤᠳᠠ ᠯᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠤᠳᠠ ᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠃ ⑴ᠨᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠢ᠋ ᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲ ᠦᠴᠡ᠄ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ︱ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠣᠨ᠋ᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ᠃ ᠯᠠᠪᠳᠠᠬᠠᠭᠰ ᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ | ᠰᠠᠨ᠋ᠠ ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ᠋ ᠢᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ᠃ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠶ ᠠᠨ ᠰᠠ ᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ | ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩ ᠭᠡᠢᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠥᠭᠦ ᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠠᠷᠠ ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠥ ᠭᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶ᠋ ᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ⑵ᠨᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠱᠢ ᠶᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ | ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠢ᠋ ᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠤᠴ ᠢᠷ ᠢ᠋ᠢ ᠠᠷ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠨᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠨᠤᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ︱ ᠠ ᠯᠳᠠᠷᠳᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠰ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠢ ᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠥᠭᠦ ᠯᠡᠯ᠂ ᠰᠣᠩᠭ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶ ᠠᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠣᠨ᠋ᠤᠯ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ᠂ ᠵᠦᠢᠷ ᠰᠡᠴᠡ ᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠨᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠ ᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠨᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ︱ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠ ᠭᠤᠯᠬ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭ ᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠡ ᠩ ᠲᠣᠪᠤᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠃ ᠵᠦᠢᠷ ᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠨᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ︱ ᠶᠣ ᠰᠤ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠷ ᠢ᠋ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠯᠢ ᠭ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳᠠᠢ ᠥᠭᠦ ᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠬᠡᠢᠰᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠵᠦ ᠢᠯ ᠢ᠋ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳᠠᠢ ᠪᠣ ᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠤᠨ᠋ᠤᠯᠵᠢᠭ ᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠ ︱ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠳᠡ ᠢ᠋ ᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠰ ᠦᠷ᠂ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠨᠡᠮ ᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵ ᠥᠪ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠠ᠋ᠴᠠ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶ᠋ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠨᠢᠴᠦᠭ ᠠᠯᠳᠠ ︱ ᠡᠰᠡ ᠷᠭᠦ ᠲ ᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠢ᠋ ᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ᠋ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠥ ᠪ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ᠋ ᠨᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠃ ᠤᠨ᠋ ᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠶ᠋ ᠢ ᠨᠢᠴᠦᠭ ᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠳᠠ ᠶ᠋ ᠢ ᠨᠢᠴᠤᠭᠠᠬ ᠤ᠂ ᠨᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠶ᠋ ᠢ ᠨᠢᠴᠤᠭᠠᠬ ᠤ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠵᠣᠬᠢ ᠶᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ ᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠭᠢ ᠶ᠋ ᠢ ᠰᠢ ᠭᠰᠢ ᠵᠦ ᠨ ᠡᠢᠳ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ 1.ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶ ᠠᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶ᠋ ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡ ᠮᠰᠢᠨ ᠎ᠡ᠃ § ᠤᠨ᠋ ᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠤᠯ ᠬᠤ § ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶ ᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠣᠪᠤᠷ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠶ᠋ ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡ ᠮᠰᠢᠬᠦ § ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶ ᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠳᠡ ᠶ᠋ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠰᠢ ᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ 2.ᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠭᠢ ᠶ᠋ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠰᠢ ᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠃ § ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠶ᠋ ᠢ ᠰᠠ ᠢᠳᠤᠷ ᠬᠢ ᠨ᠋ᠠᠬᠤ ᠂ § ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭ ᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠷᠢ ᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬ ᠠᠢ ᠮᠡ ᠳᠡᠬᠦ᠂ § ᠠᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠠ᠋ᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠢ ᠭᠤᠯᠬ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲ ᠤᠭᠳ ᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠂ § ᠴᠢᠬ ᠤᠯᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠭᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶ ᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠃ 3.ᠰᠤᠩᠭ ᠤᠬᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ ᠬᠠᠷᠢ ᠭᠤᠯᠬ ᠤ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠭ ᠳᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠭᠢ ᠶ᠋ ᠢ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢ ᠶᠠᠯ ᠤ᠋ ᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠦᠬᠦ ᠯᠡᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠ ᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ᠃ ⑴ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠬᠦᠷ ᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰᠭᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠭᠠᠬ ᠤ᠃ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠳᠤᠳᠤᠳᠬᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠ ᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢ᠋ ᠵᠣ ᠷᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠠ ᠬᠠᠰᠤᠬᠤ᠃ ⑵ᠦᠬᠦ ᠯᠡᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢ ᠯ ᠢ᠋ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠳ ᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠷᠡᠳᠦᠬᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠃ ⑶ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠶ᠋ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠃ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭ ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠂ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠣᠨᠴ ᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋ ᠢ ᠶᠠᠷᠥ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶ ᠡᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠃ ⑷ ᠴᠢᠬ ᠤᠯᠡ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠶ ᠤ ᠦᠬᠦ ᠯᠡᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠣᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠃ ⑸ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢ᠋ ᠪᠠᠳᠤ ᠨᠤᠳᠠᠳᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠮ ᠡᠵᠤ ᠥ ᠭᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠃ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠣᠷᠤ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠢ ᠭ ᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠣᠰᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠭᠡᠷᠢ ᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠃ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠬᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠢᠬᠢ ᠷ ᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠷ ᠪᠠᠭ ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠴ ᠢᠷ ᠢ᠋ ᠣᠷᠭᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢ ᠣᠪᠤᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠴ ᠢᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠰᠦᠢ ᠳᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠢ᠂ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡ ᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠴ ᠢᠬᠤᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠠ᠋ᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠯ ᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠭ ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠴ ᠢᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠎ᠡ ᠡ ᠷᠬᠢᠯᠳᠦᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭ ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ᠋ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠠ᠋ᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬ ᠤᠴᠤᠷᠴᠦ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠃ ᠰᠸᠧᠳᠧᠨ 1654 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠫᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ ᠲᠦ ᠳᠠᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠠ ᠪᠠ᠃ ᠰᠢ ᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠸᠧᠳᠧᠨ ᠤᠯ ᠤᠰ ᠤ᠋ ᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠠ᠋ᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠎ᠡ ᠢ᠋ᠢ ᠨ ᠬᠤᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠮ ᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠴᠤᠯᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠫᠣᠯᠠ ᠨᠳ᠋ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠡ ᠴᠤᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠣᠯ ᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠ᠋ᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 900 ᠤᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠡᠸᠦᠷᠦ ᠫᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰ ᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠢ ᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠩ ᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠮᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠬᠦᠰᠴᠠ ᠢ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠢᠴᠢ ᠶᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠢ ᠯ ᠴᠣᠮ ᠣ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠸᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠭᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠦᠰᠦ ᠷᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠ᠋ᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠠᠩᠭᠯ ᠢ ᠹᠷᠠᠨᠼᠢ ᠢ᠋ ᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠢ ᠨ ᠡ ᠭᠦᠰᠦ ᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠳ᠂ ᠭᠷᠥ ᠶᠢ᠍ᠰ ᠬᠡᠷᠭᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠥᠭᠡ ᠳᠡ ᠠ᠋ᠴᠠ ᠥ ᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠸᠠᠰᠢ ᠢ᠋ ᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠢᠳ ᠤᠯᠭ ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠ 30 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠳᠠᠢ ᠨ ᠢ᠋ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠪᠤ ᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠭ ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠴ ᠢᠷ ᠠ᠋ᠴ ᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠳᠠᠢ ᠨ ᠡ ᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴ ᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠯᠭ ᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠ ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠤ ᠦ ᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠷᠳᠠᠢ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠤᠴ ᠢᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠤᠴ ᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠪᠠ ᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠬᠡᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢ ᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠶ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ᠋ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠭ ᠠᠷᠠᠢ᠃ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠷ ᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠷ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠢ᠋ ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶ ᠠᠷ᠃ ⑴ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠬᠦᠷ ᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰᠭᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠰᠭ ᠠᠬᠤ᠃ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠳᠤᠳᠤᠳᠬᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠ ᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢ᠋ ᠵᠣ ᠷᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠠ ᠬᠠᠰᠤᠬᠤ ᠃ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠪᠤ ᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠭ ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠴ ᠢᠷ ᠠ᠋ᠴ ᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠳᠠᠢ ᠨ ᠡ ᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠤᠴ ᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠ ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡ ᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠳᠦᠭᠦ ᠯᠬᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠴ ᠢᠷᠳᠠᠢ᠃ ⑵ᠦᠬᠦ ᠯᠡᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢ ᠯ ᠢ᠋ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠳ ᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠷᠡᠳᠦᠬᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠭ ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠴ ᠢᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠎ᠡ ᠡ ᠷᠬᠢᠯᠳᠦᠵᠤ᠂ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ᠋ ᠪᠠᠭ ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦ ᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠠ᠋ᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬ ᠤᠴᠤᠷᠴᠦ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠃ ⑶ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠶ᠋ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠃ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭ ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠂ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠂ ᠣᠨᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠶᠠᠷᠥ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ ᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠤᠴ ᠢᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠤᠴ ᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠪᠠ ᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠢ ᠤᠴ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶ ᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷᠠᠢ᠃ ⑷ ᠴᠢᠬ ᠤᠯᠡ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠶ ᠤ ᠦᠬᠦ ᠯᠡᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠣᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠃ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢ ᠣᠪᠤᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠴ ᠢᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠰᠦᠢ ᠳᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠢ᠂ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡ ᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠯᠳᠠ ᠠ᠋ᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠠᠳᠠ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠃ ⑸ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢ᠋ ᠪᠠᠳᠤ ᠨᠤᠳᠠᠳᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠮ ᠡᠵᠤ ᠥ ᠭᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠃ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠣᠷᠤ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠢ ᠭ ᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠣᠰᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠭᠡᠷᠢ ᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠃ ᠪᠠᠭ ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠴ ᠢᠷ ᠠ᠋ᠴ ᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠ ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠤ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠷ ᠠ᠋ᠴᠠ ᠬᠢᠯᠭ ᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠲ ᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠤᠴ ᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠ ᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ᠋ ᠮ ᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠤᠴ ᠢᠷᠳᠠᠢ᠃ ⑴ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠬᠦᠷ ᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰᠭᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠰᠭ ᠠᠬᠤ᠃ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠳᠤᠳᠤᠳᠬᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠ ᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢ᠋ ᠵᠣ ᠷᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠠ ᠬᠠᠰᠤᠬᠤ ᠃ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠪᠤ ᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠭ ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠴ ᠢᠷ ᠠ᠋ᠴ ᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠳᠠᠢ ᠨ ᠡ ᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠤᠴ ᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠ ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡ ᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠳᠦᠭᠦ ᠯᠬᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠴ ᠢᠷᠳᠠᠢ᠃ ⑵ᠦᠬᠦ ᠯᠡᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢ ᠯ ᠢ᠋ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠳ ᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠷᠡᠳᠦᠬᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠭ ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠴ ᠢᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠎ᠡ ᠡ ᠷᠬᠢᠯᠳᠦᠵᠤ᠂ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ᠋ ᠪᠠᠭ ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦ ᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠠ᠋ᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬ ᠤᠴᠤᠷᠴᠦ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠃ ⑶ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠶ᠋ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠃ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭ ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠂ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠂ ᠣᠨᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠶᠠᠷᠥ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ ᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠤᠴ ᠢᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠤᠴ ᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠪᠠ ᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠢ ᠤᠴ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶ ᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷᠠᠢ᠃ ⑷ ᠴᠢᠬ ᠤᠯᠡ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠶ ᠤ ᠦᠬᠦ ᠯᠡᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠣᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠃ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢ ᠣᠪᠤᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠴ ᠢᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠰᠦᠢ ᠳᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠢ᠂ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡ ᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠯᠳᠠ ᠠ᠋ᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠠᠳᠠ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠃ ⑸ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢ᠋ ᠪᠠᠳᠤ ᠨᠤᠳᠠᠳᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠮ ᠡᠵᠤ ᠥ ᠭᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠃ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠣᠷᠤ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠢ ᠭ ᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠣᠰᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠭᠡᠷᠢ ᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠃ ᠪᠠᠭ ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠴ ᠢᠷ ᠠ᠋ᠴ ᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠ ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠤ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠷ ᠠ᠋ᠴᠠ ᠬᠢᠯᠭ ᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠲ ᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠤᠴ ᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠ ᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ᠋ ᠮ ᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠤᠴ ᠢᠷᠳᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠵᠣᠬᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠢ᠋ ᠢᠨ ᠣᠪᠤᠷ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠶ᠋ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠠᠩᠭ ᠤᠢᠯᠠ ᠬᠤ᠃ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶ ᠠᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ᠋ ᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠡ ᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠰ ᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠤᠨ᠋ᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠢ᠋ ᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠ ᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠣᠨ᠋ᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠤᠳᠠ ᠯᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠢ᠋ᠢ ᠨ ᠬᠠ ᠷᠢᠴᠠ ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠯᠠ ᠨ᠂ ᠵ ᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠮᠵᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ᠂ ᠵᠣᠬᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠳᠡ ᠵᠤᠷᠢ ᠯᠳᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ᠂ ᠤ ᠩᠰᠢᠭ ᠴᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶ ᠠᠯ ᠠ᠋ᠴ ᠠ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠤᠰᠤᠳᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠢ ︖ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ᠋ ᠰᠢᠢ ᠳᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠃ 1.ᠭ ᠣᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠦᠬᠦ ᠯᠡᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠮᠠ ᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠠᠢ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱ ᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠄ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶ ᠡᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠴ ᠠᠭ᠂ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠯᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠰᠬᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠢ᠋ᠢ ᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠂ ᠵ ᠤᠬᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠡ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠦᠬᠦ ᠯᠡᠪᠤᠷᠢ᠂ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶ ᠡᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠨᠢᠳᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤᠢᠴᠡ ᠦᠬᠦ ᠯᠡᠪᠤᠷᠢ᠃ ⑴ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠨ᠋ᠠ ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠵ ᠥᠪ ᠨᠢᠭ ᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ︽ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠎ᠡ᠂ ᠬᠡᠪᠡᠴ ᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ᠂ ᠮᠦ ᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠁ ᠪᠤ ᠯᠪᠠᠴ ᠦ ︾ ︱ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡ ︽ᠦᠯᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠷᠠᠮ᠂ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠤᠭᠠᠢ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ︾ ᠠ ᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡ ⑵ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠦᠬᠦ ᠯᠡᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠤᠷᠢ ᠳᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢᠭ ᠤ᠋ ᠨ ᠣᠨ ᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ︵ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠭᠡ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠ ᠯᠢᠭ ᠂ ᠢ ᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰ ᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ︶ ᠠ᠋ᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠ ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠ ᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠠᠨ᠋ᠠ ᠭ᠎ᠠ ︵ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠦ ᠵᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡ ᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠴᠢᠮ ᠎ᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠳᠦᠷᠥ ᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠥᠭᠭᠦ ᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠷᠭ ᠠᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮ ᠡᠲᠦ ︶ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠬᠤ᠃ 2. ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶ ᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠢ᠋ ᠢᠨ ᠵᠤ ᠬᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠨ᠋ᠡᠯᠡ ᠯᠳᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶ᠋ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠵᠣᠬᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠢ᠋ ᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠢ ᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡ ᠭ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠤᠶ ᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠢ᠋ ᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠨ᠋ᠡᠯᠡ ᠯᠳᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡ ᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠣᠷ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠳᠤᠷ ᠎ᠠ ᠲ ᠠᠪᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢ᠋ ᠢᠡᠨ ᠦᠨ᠋ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠢ᠃