ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠣᠨ （ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ） ᠡᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠦᠭᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ .pptx

ᠡᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠦᠭᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ , ᠵᠦ ᠳᠤ , ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ , ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠤᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠦᠪᠡᠭᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠡᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠮᠦᠷᠢᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ , ᠰᠲ᠋ᠢᠯᠢ — , ᠬᠦᠦᠷᠨᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯ ︵ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠰᠤᠮᠵᠢ︶ , ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ , ᠵᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠧ ︵1886 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 12 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 1 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ — 1976 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 7 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 6 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ︶ — ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠦᠢ ᠵᠢᠶᠤ᠂ ᠤᠭ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠢ ᠵᠤᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠵᠦ ᠵᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠧ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠰᠴᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠦ᠋ᠩ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠥᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ᠂ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨᠱᠤᠸᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ ᠦᠭᠡᠢᠭᠦᠦ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯᠴᠢ᠂ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠨ᠂ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ 1922 ᠣᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1955 ᠣᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ︽ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠵᠤᠨ︾ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠴᠣᠯᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ , ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ,1. ᠵᠥᠪ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠶ᠎ᠠ︕ , ᠬᠥᠯᠦᠰᠦᠨ , ᠭᠤᠨᠢᠭ , ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠰᠦ , ᠦᠷᠳᠦᠭᠡᠳ ,[gʊnɑg],[xolson],[turə᠄ s],[orto᠄ d],2. ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ , ᠬᠥᠯᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠨ — , ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠨ᠃ , ᠤᠶᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠤ ᠮᠣᠳᠤ — , ᠦᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠰᠤ ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠳᠤ᠃ , ᠦᠩ ᠵᠢᠯ — , ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ , ᠦᠷᠲᠦᠭᠡᠳ — ,① ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠷᠲᠦᠬᠦ ② ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ᠂ ᠨᠡᠷᠪᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ , ᠠᠪᠢᠰᠤᠨ — , ᠠᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠠᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠡᠨᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠬᠡᠨᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ , ᠴᠢᠩᠳᠠᠯᠠᠨ — , ᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠲᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠠᠦᠯᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠠᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠃ ᠴᠢᠩᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠩᠳᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠃ , ︽ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠬᠦ︾ — , ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠩ ᠭᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠨᠡᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ , ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ — , ᠰᠠᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ , ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ , ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ︵ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ︶᠄ , ᠡᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠥᠭᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠮᠭᠡᠨᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠡᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠮᠦᠷᠢᠴᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠥᠷᠦᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ , ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ︵2 — 17︶᠄ , ᠡᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠮᠦᠷᠢᠴᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠲᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠢᠵᠤ ᠡᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠰᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠰᠤᠷᠳᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠤᠶᠠᠩᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠰᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠡᠨᠡᠷᠢᠯ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ , ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ︵18.19︶᠄ , ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠡᠨᠡᠷᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ , ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯ᠃ ,1. ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠴᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ︖ ,① ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠵᠦᠳᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠪᠡ᠃ ︵2.3︶ ,② ᠡᠵᠢ ᠮᠢᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠮᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠮᠦᠷᠢᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠳᠦᠷᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠷᠪᠢ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠰᠭᠢᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠪᠡ᠃ ︵4.5︶ ,③ ᠡᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠯᠡᠩ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠪᠡ᠃ ︵6︶ ,④ ᠬᠠᠯᠠ ᠲᠠᠮᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠰᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠡᠪ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ︵7︶ ,⑤ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠤᠨᠢᠭ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠮᠣᠬᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠥᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠢ ᠦᠷᠥ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠭᠢᠰ ᠬᠡᠷᠴᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠴᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠠᠷᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ︵8︶ ,⑥1905 ᠣᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠡᠮᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠠᠳᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ︵9︶ ,⑦ ᠡᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ︵10︶ ,⑧1919 ᠣᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠢ ᠡᠵᠢ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠰᠴᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠪᠠ᠂ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ᠡᠵᠢ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠮᠢᠨᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠮᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠮᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ︵11︶ ,⑨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ,2. ᠵᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠧ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮ ᠰᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠵᠤᠷᠪᠤᠰᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷᠠᠢ᠃ , ︵1︶ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢ ᠮᠥᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠯᠡᠩ ︵2︶ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠴᠢᠩᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ︵3︶ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ︵4︶ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠷᠥᠰᠢᠶᠡᠩᠭᠦᠢ ᠣᠪᠤᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ︵5︶ ᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯ ᠠᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ , ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ , ᠲᠤᠰ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠦ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠡᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠦᠭᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠰᠴᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠵᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ᠋ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠥᠯᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠢ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠡᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠭᠡᠴᠡᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ᠂ ᠵᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮ ᠰᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ , ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ,1 . ᠲᠤᠰ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠷᠤᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ᠂ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠤᠮ ᠨᠡᠢᠴᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢᠲᠡᠢ᠃ 2. ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰᠭᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠬᠢ ᠴᠡᠭᠴᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠩᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯᠳᠤᠩᠭᠤᠢ᠂ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠡ ᠲᠣᠪᠦ᠋ᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰᠭᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 3. ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ,