ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠨ ᠤ （ᠳᠣᠤᠷᠠᠲᠦ） ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠲᠦ .pptx

ᠮᠢᠩᠬᠠᠳᠤ , ᠨᠠ᠊᠂ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨᠱᠠ , ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ,1. ᠮᠢᠩᠬᠠᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠮᠲᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ 2. ︽ᠮᠢᠩᠬᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ︾᠂ ︽ᠮᠢᠩᠬᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠪᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠳᠭᠦᠯ︾ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠢᠩᠬᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ 3. ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠮᠢᠩᠬᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠬᠠᠨ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠯᠣᠳᠣ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠪᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠳᠭᠦᠯ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠮᠤᠭᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ , ᠮᠢᠩᠬᠠᠳᠤ ︵1692 — 1765︶ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨ᠂ ᠣᠳᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠲᠡᠨ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠦᠰᠦᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ᠃ ᠹᠷᠠᠨᠼᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠢᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠮ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠮᠰᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ︽ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠣᠭᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠯᠢᠭᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠳᠡ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ︾ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠣᠳᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ︽ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ 3000 ᠠᠰᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠳᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ 33 ᠣᠳᠣ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ᠋ᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ , ᠰᠲ᠋ᠢᠯᠢ — ᠨᠠᠮᠲᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ,1. ᠨᠠᠮᠲᠠᠷ — , ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠲᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠲᠤ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠳᠠᠭ ︽ᠱᠠᠰᠳᠢᠷ︾᠂ ︽ᠴᠠᠳᠢᠭ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠨᠠᠮᠳᠠᠷ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠳᠭᠦᠯᠲᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ︽ᠱᠠᠰᠳᠢᠷ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ︽ᠴᠠᠳᠢᠭ︾ ᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ , ᠨᠠᠮᠲᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠲᠤ᠄ , ᠣᠪᠤᠭ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ᠂ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ︵ᠭᠠᠪᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠳᠭᠦᠯ᠂ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ︶᠂ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ᠂᠂᠂᠂ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ,2. ᠨᠠᠮᠲᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ᠄ ,, ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠮᠲᠠᠷ — ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠲᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠃ , ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠮᠲᠠᠷ — ᠦᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠲᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠃ ,3. ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ᠄ , ︵1︶ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ︵2︶ ᠨᠠᠮᠲᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠬᠤᠵᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠣᠨᠤᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ︵3︶ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠰ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ , ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ,1. ᠵᠥᠪ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠶ᠎ᠠ , ᠰᠦᠰᠦᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ , ᠦᠷᠥᠨᠡᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ , ᠪᠤᠰᠬᠠᠨ , ᠳᠥᠲᠡ ,[orondɑixɑn],[bʊsgɑn],[susəgləx],[dot],2. ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ , ᠺᠤᠫᠯᠤᠷ — ︵1571 — 1630︶᠂ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠳᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠵᠤᠤᠪᠠᠩ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠥᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩᠨᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠳᠤ ᠺᠤᠫᠯᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠦᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ , ᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ — , ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠨᠣᠣᠷᠠᠭ , ᠮᠣᠷᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ — , ᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ 11 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ 13 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ , ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ — , ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠵᠢᠩᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ , ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠠᠮ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ — , ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠣᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ , ᠡᠩᠬᠡ ᠠᠮᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ — , ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ 2 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠵᠥᠷᠢᠳᠡᠭ᠃ , ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠬᠤ — , ︵1654 — 1722︶ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠃ ,1. ᠮᠢᠩᠬᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠃ ,7,★1692 ᠣᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠪᠡ᠃ ,★1711 ᠣᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠢᠩᠬᠠᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠦᠰᠦᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠳᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠢᠷᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠩᠬᠡ ᠠᠮᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠦᠰᠦᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ,★1713 — 1723 ᠣᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠢᠩᠬᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠳᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠥᠰᠦᠪᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠬᠤ ︽ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠪᠦᠷᠢ︾᠂ ︽ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠲᠣᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠢᠩᠬᠠᠳᠤ ᠦᠷᠥᠨᠠᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠰᠬᠠᠵᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ,★1730 ᠣᠨ ᠲᠤ ︽ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠷᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠰᠦᠨᠦᠭᠳᠦ︾ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠᠢᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠳᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ — ︽ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠢᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠡᠮᠬᠢᠳᠭᠡᠯ︾ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ,★1739 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 8 ᠰᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 26 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠮᠢᠩᠬᠠᠳᠤ ︽ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠭᠬᠢᠷᠳᠦᠬᠦ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠪᠡ᠃ ,★1744 ᠣᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠦᠰᠦᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ︽ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠮᠢᠩᠬᠠᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳ 32 ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠰᠦᠨᠦᠭᠳᠦ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ 3000 ᠠᠰᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠳᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ 33 ᠶᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠲᠡᠭᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ,★1756 ᠣᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠴᠢᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ︽ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠷᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ︽ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ︾ ᠢ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ,★ ᠮᠢᠩᠬᠠᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠵᠦᠢ᠂ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠣᠳᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠷᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ,★ ︽ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠣᠭᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠯᠢᠭᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠳᠡ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ︾ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ,★1765 ᠣᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠥᠭᠴᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ,★ ᠮᠢᠩᠬᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ︽ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠣᠭᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠯᠢᠭᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠳᠡ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ︾ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠰᠢᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠴᠤᠨ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ,★1759 ᠣᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ 26 ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ︽ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠢᠩᠬᠠᠳᠤ ︽ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ︾ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ,★2001 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 5 ᠰᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ 28242 ᠨᠣᠮᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠶᠢ ︽ᠮᠢᠩᠬᠠᠳᠤ ᠣᠳᠣ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ,, ᠨᠠᠮᠲᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠢᠩᠬᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠪᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠳᠭᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ,