ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠨ （ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ） ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ .pptx

ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ , ᠮᠣᠣ ᠢ ᠱᠤᠩ , ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ , ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ , ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠠᠶᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠴᠤ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠮᠦᠷᠢᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠮᠦᠷᠢᠴᠢ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠶᠦᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠨ᠂ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠮᠦᠷᠢᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠯᠴᠢ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ , ᠰᠲ᠋ᠢᠯᠢ — , ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ,1. ᠤᠬᠬᠠᠳᠠᠬᠤᠨ — ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠣᠯᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ,2. ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ᠄ , ︵1︶ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ — ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ᠂ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ , ︵2︶ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ — ᠢᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠮ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ , ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ᠄ ① ᠯᠠᠢᠰᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠠ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ ② ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠢᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ ③ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ︖ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠴᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ , ︵3︶ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ — ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠣᠨᠤᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ , ︵4︶ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ — ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ , ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ᠄ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠬᠡᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠣᠮᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠯᠡᠩ ᠢᠵᠢᠯᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ᠂ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠮᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠢ᠂ ᠭᠡᠷᠰᠡᠭ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠯᠤᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠵᠥᠷᠢᠭᠦᠳ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠬᠡᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠷᠠᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠰᠢᠨ᠂ ᠰᠣᠴᠢᠵᠤ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ᠂ ᠦᠯᠴᠢᠷ᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠰᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ , ︵5︶ ᠲᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ — ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ , ︵6︶ ᠵᠦᠢᠷᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ — ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠷᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠷᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ , ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ᠄ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠤᠩᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠣᠮᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ , ︵7︶ ᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ — ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠳᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠠᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ,3. ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠰ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ , ︵1︶ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ — ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠰ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ , ︵2︶ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ — ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠦᠷᠨᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠰ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ , ︵3︶ ᠯᠣᠭᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ — ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠯᠣᠭᠢᠭ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠰ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ,4. ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ᠄ , ᠬᠠᠯᠭᠤᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠢᠭ᠂ ᠪᠠᠯᠠᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ᠂ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠮ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ᠂ ᠬᠥᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ,5. ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠂ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠂ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ , ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ , ᠮᠣᠣ ᠢ ᠱᠤᠩ ︵1896 — 1989︶ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠳᠤ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠬᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠨ᠂ ᠫᠷᠣᠹᠧᠰᠰᠣᠷ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ ᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩᠰᠦ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠳ᠋ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ︽ᠶᠢᠰᠦ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ︾ ᠨᠡᠢᠭᠡᠮᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠳ᠋ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠦ᠋ᠭᠨᠢᠭ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠭᠡᠮᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠳ᠋ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠦ᠋ᠭᠨᠢᠭ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠭᠡᠮᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠢᠳᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ 1920 ᠣᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠠᠪᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠮᠣ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠵᠤ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠯ᠄ ︽ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ︾ , ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ,⒈ ᠵᠦ᠋ᠪ ᠲᠤᠳᠤ᠂ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠤᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ⒉ ᠡᠷᠬᠦᠯᠳᠡ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ⒊ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠪᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ , ᠵᠥᠪ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠶ᠎ᠠ︕ , ᠮᠥᠬᠡᠷᠬᠡᠨ , ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ,moːrxon, ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠰᠭᠡ ,xərsəɡ,ɡʊldɑnŋ, ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ , ᠮᠦᠬᠡᠷᠬᠡᠨ — , ᠮᠦᠬᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ︵ᠮᠦᠬᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ︶ , ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠰᠭᠡ — , ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠪᠴᠢ , ᠢᠷᠮᠡᠭᠦᠨ — , ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ , ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠳ ᠰᠢᠷᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠲ᠋ᠤᠨ — , ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠳ ᠤᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠰᠢᠷᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠱᠦᠢᠨᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠳᠬᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ , ᠬᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠴᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ — , ᠠᠵᠢᠭ ᠴᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ , ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ , ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠤᠷ — ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ — ᠪᠠᠬᠢ | ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷ — ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠷᠭᠡ — ᠪᠡᠭᠡ — 2. ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠲᠤᠯᠠ᠃ ︵1︶ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠳᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠾᠧᠪᠧᠢ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠣ ᠵᠸᠦ ᠴᠢᠶᠣᠣ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠯᠦ ᠭᠧᠤ ᠴᠢᠶᠣᠣ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ︵︶ ︵2︶ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠯᠡ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ 37.4m᠃ ︵︶ ︵3︶ ᠵᠣᠣ ᠵᠧᠦ ᠴᠢᠶᠣᠣ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠯᠬᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠷᠲᠦ ᠨᠢ 37.4m᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠮᠥᠷᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ︵︶ , ︵4︶ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠢᠮᠦ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩᠳᠤ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ︵︶ ︵5︶ ᠶᠦᠩ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠩ ᠾᠤ᠋ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠷᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠢᠷᠮᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠵᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠰᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠰᠡᠲᠡᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠴᠦ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠬᠡ ᠶᠡᠷᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠴᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠦᠨᠳᠡᠷᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ︵︶ ︵6︶ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ︽ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠣᠨᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠢᠬᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭ᠂ ᠡᠭᠡᠨᠡᠭᠳᠡ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ︵︶ , ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠲᠠᠳᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠶᠠᠩᠬᠤᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠥᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ , ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ,, ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ᠄ ︵ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ︶ , ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ᠄ ︵ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ︶ , ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ᠄ ︵ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ︶ , ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ᠄ ᠵᠣᠣ ᠵᠸᠦ ᠴᠢᠶᠣᠣ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠯᠦ ᠭᠧᠦ ᠴᠢᠶᠣᠣ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ,1. ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠬᠤᠢᠯᠠ᠃ , ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ᠄ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ,② ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠣ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠣᠣ ᠵᠸᠦ ᠴᠢᠶᠣᠣ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ︽ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠣᠨᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠢᠬᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭ᠂ ᠡᠭᠡᠨᠡᠭᠳᠡ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡ︾ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠰᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ,① ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ , ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ᠄ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ,③ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ — ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠯᠦ ᠭᠧᠦ ᠴᠢᠶᠣᠣ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ,④ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ , ᠵᠣᠦ ᠵᠸᠦ ᠴᠢᠶᠣᠣ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ , ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ 1. ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠮ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠮ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠮ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠡᠢᠰᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 2. ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ,