ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠨ ᠤ （ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ） ᠮᠢᠨᠦ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ .pptx

ᠮᠢᠨᠦ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ , ᠊ᠪ᠊᠂ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨᠪᠠᠬᠢ , ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ,1. ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠰᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠯᠢᠭ ᠰᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ 3. ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠮ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ , ᠰᠲ᠋ᠢᠯᠢ — , ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠰᠤᠮᠵᠢ — ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠬᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠰᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠲᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠮᠲᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠶᠠᠩᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠬᠦᠦᠷᠨᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ , ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠰᠤᠮᠵᠢ , ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ , ᠪ᠊᠂ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨᠪᠠᠬᠢ ︵1928 — 2009︶ — ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠳᠭᠦᠯᠲᠡᠨ᠂ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠯᠴᠢ᠂ ᠫᠷᠣᠹᠧᠰᠰᠣᠷ᠂ 1928 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 2 ᠰᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠤᠳᠠ ᠠᠢᠮᠠᠭ ︵ᠣᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ︶ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠳᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠮᠠᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠳᠮᠠᠨᠢᠩᠪᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ᠄ ︽ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠦ᠋︾ — ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠩᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢ ︽ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠪᠡ ᠦᠦ︖ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠷ ᠡ︾ ︽ᠰᠢᠵᠢᠷ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠯ︾ ︽ᠠᠮᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ︾ ︽ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠳᠢ ᠭᠠᠯᠪᠢᠩᠭ᠎ᠠ︾ ︽ᠣᠷᠭᠢᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭ︾ ︽ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠤᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ︾ ︽ᠪ᠊᠂ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨᠪᠠᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠳ︾ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ︽ᠤᠶᠠᠩᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠢᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠲᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ︾ ︽ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠤᠤᠯᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭ ᠵᠦᠢ︾ ︽ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠸ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ︾ ,,,※ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠳ ᠠᠷᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ , ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭ ︽ᠡᠪᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠷ︾ ︽ᠦᠷᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠨᠢᠶᠡᠮᠰᠦᠭᠯᠡᠯ︾ ︽ᠯᠢᠮᠪᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠨ︾ ︽ᠮᠥᠩᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠳ︾ ︽ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠰᠤ︾ ,, ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ,⒈ ᠵᠦ᠋ᠪ ᠲᠤᠳᠤ᠂ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠤᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ⒉ ᠡᠷᠬᠦᠯᠳᠡ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ⒊ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠪᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ , ᠵᠥᠪ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠶ᠎ᠠ︕ , ᠬᠠᠰᠭᠢᠷᠬᠤ , ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠳᠠᠵᠤ ,xɑʃɡɑrɑx, ᠬᠢᠰᠬᠢᠬᠦ ,ʤʊɡtɑʤ, ᠶᠢᠷᠳᠢᠨᠴᠦ ,jortonʧ,ɡiʃɡəx, ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠬᠤ ,tӕwɑx, ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠳ ,xʊrʊːd, ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ , ᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠢ — , ᠨᠢᠯᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠦᠬᠡᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠪᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠤ ᠤᠨᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠢᠴᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠮᠣᠳᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤ , ᠠᠬᠢᠮᠠᠭ — , ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ , ᠲᠠᠯᠢᠢᠨ — ,① ᠠᠯᠤᠰ ᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠣᠳᠬᠤ ② ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠷᠯᠡᠯ ③ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ᠃ , ᠣᠪᠤᠩ ᠴᠤᠪᠤᠩ — , ᠠᠳᠡ ᠲᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠪᠦ᠋ᠭ᠌ᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ , ᠬᠤᠸᠠ — , ᠨᠠᠯᠠᠦᠬᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠳᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠵᠣ᠋ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ᠃ , ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠪᠣᠳᠠ ᠮᠣᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠳᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠰᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ᠂ ᠡᠮ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ , ᠠᠬᠢ — , ᠬᠦᠵᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠰᠦ — , ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠳᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠰᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ᠂ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠪᠡᠯᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠩᠬᠤᠷᠴᠤᠭᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠮᠢᠰ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠰᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠦᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ , ᠵᠦᠯᠬᠡ — , ᠵᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠰᠦ ᠢᠭᠴᠤ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠷᠦᠰᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠰᠢᠷᠢᠬᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ , ᠤᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳᠤ — , ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠬᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ , ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ — , ᠢᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳᠤ᠃ , ᠮᠠᠨᠴᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠵᠤ — , ᠮᠠᠨᠴᠤᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠨᠢᠯᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠦᠬᠡᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠥᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠨᠢᠯᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠦᠬᠡᠳ ᠢ ᠮᠠᠨᠴᠤᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ , ᠰᠢᠪᠬᠠᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠳᠤ , ᠰᠢᠪᠰᠢᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠣᠳᠤ — , ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠩᠭᠤᠳ — , ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ , ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ — , ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠥᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠴᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ᠃ , ᠶᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ — , ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ᠃ , ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠰᠦᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠬ᠎ᠠ , ᠪᠣᠷᠴᠠ — , ᠴᠠᠳᠢᠭ — ,① ᠨᠠᠮᠲᠠᠷ᠂ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠲᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ② ᠬᠢᠷᠢ ᠭᠡᠮ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠴᠠᠳᠢᠭ᠄ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ,① ᠮᠣᠷᠢ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠤᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ② ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠵᠤ ᠳᠣᠷᠭᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠤᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠃ ③ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠵᠤ ᠰᠦᠷᠴᠢᠬᠦ᠃ , ᠲᠣᠷᠭᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ — , ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠢᠳ — , ᠠᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠦᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠃ , ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠤᠷᠢᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠤ — , ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ , ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠬᠤ , ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠳᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ — , ᠬᠤᠷᠭᠤᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷ — , ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷ᠃ 1922 ᠣᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠤᠷᠭᠤᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠴᠡᠢ᠃ , ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠮᠢᠨᠢ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠤ — , ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠵᠤ , ᠭᠠᠦᠯᠢ᠂ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠳᠴᠤ ᠲᠤᠤᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠲᠣᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠮ᠃ , ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠩᠭ᠎ᠠ — , ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠩ — , ᠰᠦᠮ᠎ᠡ , ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠪᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠣᠷᠯᠠᠵᠤ — , ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠬᠢᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠤ᠃ , ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ , ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠢ᠃ ᠣᠷᠤᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠬᠦ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠭᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2. ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠢ᠃ ︵1︶ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠪᠥᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠡᠮ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ︵︶ ︵2︶ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠩᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠣᠷᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠭ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠰᠢᠭ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠯᠭᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠰᠢᠭ᠂᠂᠂᠂ ︵︶ ︵3︶ ᠡᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡᠳᠡ ᠪᠢ ᠪᠣᠭᠵᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠰᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠴᠡᠯᠮᠡᠭ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠣᠭᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠳᠦ ᠣᠳᠤᠳ ᠨᠢᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠯᠡ ᠠᠨᠢᠪᠠᠯᠵᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠯᠴᠢᠷ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠦᠬᠡᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠢᠭ᠃ ︵︶ , ︵4︶ ᠠᠶᠤᠩᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠳᠦᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ ᠠᠳᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠡᠪᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠮᠤᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠬᠤᠵᠤ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠱᠣᠭᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ ︵︶ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠪᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯ᠃ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠪᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢ᠃ , ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠ ,1. ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠮ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠥᠭᠡᠳᠴᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠠᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠮ ᠪᠠᠯᠴᠢᠷ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠴᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠩᠭᠤᠷ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ︽ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠯ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠮᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ︾ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠴᠢᠷᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠬᠤᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ,3. ︽ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠩ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠷᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ︖ ,4. ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠬᠤᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ,2. ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠦᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠵᠤᠷᠪᠤᠰᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠡᠷᠡᠢ᠃ , ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ︽ᠪᠢ︾ ᠡᠪᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠥᠨᠢ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠣᠨᠤᠰᠴᠤ᠂ ︽ᠲᠣᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠯᠠᠩ︾ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠦᠷᠨᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ,1. ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠬᠤᠢᠯᠠ᠃ , ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ︽ᠪᠢ︾ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠰᠴᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠢ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ︽ᠬᠠᠨᠢ︾ ᠲᠣᠭᠯᠠᠭᠠᠮ᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠯ ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠯᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠮ᠎ᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ , ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ︽ᠪᠢ︾ ᠭᠤᠷᠭᠤᠤᠯᠳᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠴᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ , ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ︽ᠪᠢ︾ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠯ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ,2. ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠦᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠵᠤᠷᠪᠤᠰᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠡᠷᠡᠢ᠃ , ︵1︶ ᠣᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠯᠤᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ , ︵2︶ ᠡᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ , ︵3︶ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠪᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ᠂ ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠰᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠷᠬᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ ,3. ︽ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠩ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠷᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ︖ , ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠳᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠡᠦᠬᠡᠳ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ , ᠨᠣᠮ ᠢ ᠴᠣᠩᠬᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠷᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ , ᠨᠣᠮ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠨᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ , ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠬᠢᠰᠭᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠷᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ,4. ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠬᠤᠢᠯᠠ᠃ , ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠲᠤ ︽ᠪᠢ︾ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠯ ᠬᠤᠨᠤᠭᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠰᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠦᠷᠨᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠢᠵᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠵᠢᠯ ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠷᠬᠠᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ᠂ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠡᠵᠢ᠂ ᠠᠴᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ᠂ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠢᠷᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠪᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ , ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠯᠡ ᠲᠣᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠣᠷᠤᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠨ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ,