选修1.10新 ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ .pptx

, ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ , ︽ᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ︾ ︽ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ︾ ,lixiulan, ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ ,1. ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠯᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠢ᠃ 2. ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠷᠬᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠᠢᠭᠠᠷᠠᠢ᠃ 3. ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠬᠦᠷᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠰᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠯᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠶᠤᠰᠤ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠯᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠢ᠃ , ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ᠄ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ᠄ 1. ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ 2. ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠬᠦᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ 3. ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠤᠪᠤᠷ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ᠄ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠢᠷᠭᠤᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠤᠷ ᠬᠡᠮ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠵᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠳᠤᠨ᠂ ᠮᠠᠷᠡᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠤᠪᠤᠷ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ , ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ᠄ ᠨᠡᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠥᠪ᠂ ᠬᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳᠠᠢ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠳᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠳᠬᠤ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ᠃ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠷᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ᠄ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠨᠤᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠳᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠳᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ᠃ , ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷ ︵1899~1965︶ — ᠤᠭ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠢᠨᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨ᠂ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷ᠂ ᠬᠢᠳᠡᠳ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠢᠩ ᠵᠸᠦ᠃ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠤᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠮᠣᠳᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠪᠤᠭᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠥᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1924 ᠣᠨ ᠲᠤ ︽ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ︾᠂ 1925 ᠣᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠤᠰᠺᠸᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠤᠨᠠᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1933 ᠣᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ᠂ 1944 ᠣᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ᠃ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ᠄ ︽ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠡ︾ ︽ᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ︾ ︽ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ︾ ︽ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠭᠤᠯ︾ ︵ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭ︶ ︽ᠵᠡᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ︾᠂ ︽ᠪᠢᠯᠳᠠᠤᠴᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ︾ ︽ᠪᠢ ᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ︾᠂ ︽ᠵᠣᠭᠤᠰ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ︾᠂ ︽ᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠ︾᠂ ᠁ ︵ᠶᠤᠵᠤᠳᠤ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ︶ ︽ᠮᠢᠨᠦ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ︾᠂ ︽ᠮᠢᠨᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ︾ ︵ᠨᠠᠮᠳᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ︶ , ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯ , ᠸᠠᠩ ᠬᠥᠩ᠂ ᠪᠠᠢᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠰᠡ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠤᠭ᠂ ᠡᠮᠦᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮᠰᠦᠭ ᠭᠤᠢᠳᠠ᠂ ᠲᠣᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤᠷᠳᠤᠩ ᠡᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠰᠬᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠮᠥᠩᠭᠦ᠂ ᠱᠢᠷᠤ ᠰᠤᠪᠤᠳ᠂ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠴᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠠᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠣᠷᠢ ᠤᠨᠤᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢ ᠡᠬᠡᠨᠡᠷ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠬᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ᠃ ,20 ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ , ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠵᠤ ᠡᠮᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠡᠦᠬᠡᠳ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠰᠦᠮ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠤ ᠥᠭᠴᠦ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠃ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠭᠡᠯ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠤᠪᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠲᠤ 1000 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠰᠦᠮ᠎ᠡ᠂ 20 ᠲᠦᠮᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ 50 ᠲᠦᠮᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠮᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡᠰᠦᠳᠠᠢ᠃ ,20 ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ , ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ᠄ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ , ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ᠄ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠬᠥᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠤᠭᠳᠠᠢ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠦᠬᠡᠳ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠬᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ , ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ︽ᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ︾ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠤᠯᠳᠠᠯᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠨ᠂ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ᠂ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢ ᠴᠤᠭᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ 1. ᠤᠨᠤᠯᠳᠠ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠳᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠃ 2. ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠮᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠵᠤ ᠰᠤᠨᠢᠷᠬᠠᠬᠤ᠃ , ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠣᠨᠤᠯᠳᠠ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠳᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠶ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠤᠨᠤᠯᠳᠠ᠄ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠳᠠ᠄ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ᠃ , ᠦᠭᠡᠢᠬᠦᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠦᠨᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠦᠨ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠮᠡᠳᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠶᠠᠮᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠦ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠬᠦ᠋ᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠲᠤᠭᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠡᠨᠡᠷᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ , ᠢᠳᠡᠬᠦ᠄ ᠴᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ᠂ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠢᠤᠮᠠᠢ ᠭᠤᠯᠢᠷ᠂ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡᠨᠭᠭᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠥᠭᠬᠦ᠃ , ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠨᠠᠷ᠄ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠪᠤᠷᠪᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠭᠤᠳᠤᠯ᠂ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠷᠬᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠤᠢᠮᠤᠰᠤ᠃ , ᠬᠦᠯᠦᠰᠤ ᠤᠯᠭᠤᠮᠵᠢ᠄ ᠬᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠤᠢᠮᠦᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠤᠢᠮᠦᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠵᠤᠭᠤᠰ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠲᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠨᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠬᠦᠯᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠮᠤᠢ᠂ ᠦᠨᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠨᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠢᠳᠦᠯᠡᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠬᠦᠯᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠮᠤᠢ᠃ , ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠡᠨᠡᠷᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠄ ᠨᠢᠬᠦᠯ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠭᠡᠭ ᠤᠷᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠥᠯᠦᠰᠴᠦ ᠦᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠃ , ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠ᠄ 1. ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠨᠢ᠄ ︵4 ᠬᠤᠪᠢ︶ A. ᠴᠥᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠥᠷᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠩᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ B. ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠᠯ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠮᠠᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ C. ᠮᠠᠯᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠴᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠪᠠᠯ ᠰᠠᠶᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ D. ᠮᠠᠯᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠥᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠶᠢ ᠮᠠᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠢ ᠵᠤᠯ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ 2. ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠣᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠨᠢ᠄ ︵4 ᠬᠤᠪᠢ︶ A. ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠥᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠶᠢ ᠥᠷᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ B. ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠠᠯᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ C. ᠮᠠᠯᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ D. ᠮᠠᠯᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠮᠠᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ᠂ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 3. ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠮᠠᠯᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ︖ ︵6 ᠬᠤᠪᠢ︶ 4. ᠮᠠᠯᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠷᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠲᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠪᠡᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ︖ ︵5 ᠬᠤᠪᠢ︶ , ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠴᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠶ᠎ᠠ , ᠲᠤᠰ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢᠯᠠᠶ᠎ᠠ᠃ 1. ᠲᠤᠰ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠨᠢ᠄ ,A. ᠡᠪᠤᠯ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠳᠡᠷᠡᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ B. ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠯᠠᠯ ᠮᠥᠯᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ C. ᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠦᠨᠡᠬᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠭᠦᠨ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠴᠦ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠷᠦᠬᠦ᠋ᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠡᠨᠡᠷᠢᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ᠃ D. ᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠷᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠠᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠵᠡᠨ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ , ᠲᠤᠰ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠤᠯ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠳᠡᠷᠡᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠯᠠᠯ ᠮᠥᠯᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ,B,2. ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠣᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠨᠢ᠄ ,A. ᠡᠪᠤᠯ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠳᠡᠷᠡᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠴᠠᠢ᠃ B. ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠯᠠᠯ ᠮᠥᠯᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠷᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠤᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠤᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠤᠳᠠᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ C. ᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠦᠨᠡᠬᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠭᠦᠨ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠴᠦ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠷᠦᠬᠦ᠋ᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠴᠦ ᠡᠨᠡᠷᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠳᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠵᠢᠮ ᠮᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠮᠵᠢ᠃ D. ᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠷᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠠᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠨᠴᠢᠷ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠮᠴᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠲᠠᠪᠢᠯᠠᠩ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ,C,3. ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠯᠠᠯ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦ ᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ︖ ︵6 ᠬᠤᠪᠢ︶ 4. ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ︽ᠳᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠡᠨᠡᠷᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠳᠠᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡ᠃ ︵5 ᠬᠤᠪᠢ︶ , ᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠥᠯᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠥᠯᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠥᠷᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠳᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠳᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠹᠸᠣᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠷᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠴᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠷᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠪ ᠬᠥᠷᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠳᠦᠢ᠃ , ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠵᠠᠶᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠥᠭᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ︽ᠨᠢᠬᠦᠯᠳᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ︾᠂ ᠰᠦᠮ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ︽ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠮᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ︾ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ᠃ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠢᠪᠡ︖ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠬᠤᠯ ᠣᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ ᠦᠦ︖ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠃ , ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ︽ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ︾ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠳᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠨ᠂ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢ ᠴᠤᠭᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ 1. ᠤᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ 2. ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠤᠨᠤᠯᠳᠠ᠄ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠳᠠ᠄ ᠨᠤᠲᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ᠄ , ᠭᠠᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠦᠯᠢᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠨᠢᠴᠤᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ᠃ ,⑴ ᠬᠡᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠢᠯᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ⑵ ᠪᠠᠯᠠᠷ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠨᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠴᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ⑶ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ , ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠢ᠃ , ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ 3. ︽ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠡᠬᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠳᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠠ᠃ , ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠄ ᠨᠡᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠮ᠎ᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ , ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠬᠦᠨᠤᠬᠡᠯ᠄ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠦᠳᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠢ᠃ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠢᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠴᠦᠷᠤᠨ᠂ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠤ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠴᠦ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠰᠦᠨᠦᠬᠦ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ,4. ︽ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠶᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠳᠤᠭᠤ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠮ᠎ᠡ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠮᠦᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠢᠳᠡ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠭᠠᠷᠠᠢ᠃ , ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠶᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ | ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠰ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ — ᠪᠠᠯᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠴᠤᠷᠤᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ᠃ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠠᠳᠤᠭᠤ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠮ᠎ᠡ ᠰᠢᠬᠦᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ᠃ ᠨᠡᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠡᠯ᠂ ᠭᠦᠭᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠮ᠎ᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠪᠤᠰᠢᠷᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠲᠠᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠬᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠯᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ , ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠬᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠡᠢᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯ ᠲᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠤᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠯᠠ᠃ 1. ᠬᠡᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠢᠯᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠮᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠢᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠰ ᠴᠢᠨ᠋᠊ ᠤᠠ᠋ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠠᠨ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢ᠃ ᠮᠤᠩᠬᠠᠭ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠯᠠᠷ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠠᠨ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠨᠢᠴᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠳᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠯ ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠴᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠳ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠮᠢᠰ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠵᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠥᠯᠦᠰᠴᠦ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠰᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ᠃ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠠᠨ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠢᠮᠦ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠠᠨ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠢᠮᠦ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠢ᠃ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠰᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠮᠦᠰᠴᠦ᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠥᠯᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠳᠡᠷᠭᠡ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠷᠭᠡ᠂ ᠨᠢᠰᠬᠦ ᠣᠩᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠳ᠋ᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ᠃ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠬᠤᠯ ᠲᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠨᠦᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠰᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠬᠦᠤ ᠣᠯᠳᠣᠢ ᠮᠤᠩᠬᠠᠭ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡᠭ ᠲᠤᠷ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠨ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠢ᠃ 2. ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠮᠠᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠥᠭᠴᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠷᠦᠨ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠤᠢ᠂ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠮᠦᠢ᠃ , ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠴᠤᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠦᠯᠢᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠤᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ , ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠤᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ , ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠳᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠬᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ︽ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ 50 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢ᠃ ︽ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ +︾ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠡᠪᠰᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢᠯᠠᠯᠳᠠᠳ — ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠡᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠶᠠᠩᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ︽ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ +︾ — ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠡᠢᠳᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠪᠤᠰᠠᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ 2015.5.8 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ︽ᠠᠨᠤ ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠯ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢ︾ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ︽ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠ︾ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠬᠤᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ︽ᠡᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭ︾᠂ ︽ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠤ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ︾᠂ ︽ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭ︾᠂ ︽ᠤᠳᠤᠳᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ︾᠂ ︽ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠸ᠎ᠠ︾᠂ ︽ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ︾᠂ ︽ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠤ︾᠂ ︽ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡ︾᠂ ︽ᠰᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠦᠪᠡᠢ︾᠂ ︽ᠥᠨᠥᠳᠦᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢ︾᠂ ︽ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ︾᠂ ︽ᠬᠠᠰᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠪᠴᠠᠩᠳᠤ ᠪᠥᠬᠡ︾ ᠁ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠴᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ᠂ ᠲᠤᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠪᠠ᠃ ︽ᠰᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠦᠪᠠᠢ︾ 2013 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 1 ᠰᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠸᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠪᠴᠠᠩ᠃ ᠥᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠰᠢᠳᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ 10 ᠲᠦᠮᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ᠂ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠤᠰᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯᠳᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠥᠬᠡᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠬᠤ᠄ ︽ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳᠠᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠁ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠡᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠸᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ , ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠤᠭ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ,, ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷᠳᠠᠢ ,