ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ .pptx

ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠫ᠂ ᠫᠦᠷᠪᠦᠰᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠩ,ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ᠄ ᠴᠣᠯᠮᠤᠨᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ︵ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨᠳᠤᠰᠤᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ︶,ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠬᠡᠯᠳᠡ,︽ᠠᠪᠤ︾ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠷᠢ︕,ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ,1᠂ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠩ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ 2᠂ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠬᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠩᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠮ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ 3᠂ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠬᠡᠯᠴᠡᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠢᠷᠠᠯᠠᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃,ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ,ᠫᠦᠷᠪᠤᠵᠠᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠫᠦᠷᠪᠦᠰᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠩ︱ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠢ᠂ ᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ 1938ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠬᠣᠩᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠥᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠬᠡᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠪᠠᠯ᠄ ︽ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠤᠯᠢ︾᠂︽ᠭᠠᠯ︾ ︽ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ︾᠂ ︽ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ︾ ︽ᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠤᠷ︾᠂︽ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠣᠪᠢ︾ 1996 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠡᠴᠢᠬᠡ ︾ᠬᠡᠭᠦ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠯᠬᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ︽ᠤᠳᠬ᠎᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭ᠌ ︾ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠋ᠣᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠳ᠋ᠤᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠂︽ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ︾ ᠬᠡᠭᠦ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ 1998 ᠤᠨ ᠤ︽ᠤᠳᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭ︾ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠢᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠷᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠢ᠃,ᠬᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠴᠠᠢ︱ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠴᠠᠢ᠃ ᠪᠣᠷᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠬᠦ︱ ᠡᠬᠡᠯ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠮᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠬᠦᠬᠡᠨ︱ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ᠌ ᠰᠠᠵᠢᠭ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠳᠠ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠭᠦ ᠤᠳᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠨᠣᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠵᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ︱ ᠳᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠣᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠡᠪᠡᠰᠤ ᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠳᠡᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠩᠭᠦ︱ ᠰᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠰᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠠᠰᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠭᠤᠰ᠃ ᠳᠠᠨᠳᠤᠷᠰᠢᠬᠤ︱ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠳᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ᠃ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ︱ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠡᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠷᠰᠢᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠮᠠᠯᠢᠯᠵᠠᠬᠤ︱ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠮᠰᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠷᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠷᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ︱ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠴᠠᠷᠭᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠬᠠᠵᠠᠢᠪᠠ︱ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠬᠤ᠃,ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ,ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠳᠤᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠠᠢᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃,ᠬᠦᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠪᠢᠳᠠᠭ︱ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠴᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠳᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠡᠬᠡᠷ︱ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠢᠷᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠥᠭᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠂ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤᠷᠥᠭᠰᠡᠬᠡᠷ᠃ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ︱ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠴᠤᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠰᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠴᠤᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠯ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠳ︱ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠃ ᠥᠩᠬᠦᠷᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠥᠭᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ︱ ᠰᠢᠷᠥᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠥᠭᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠥᠭᠡᠳᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ︱ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠃ ᠵᠣᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠪᠠ︱ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ᠃,ᠮᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠱᠣᠪᠤᠭᠤᠷ︱ ᠮᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭᠬᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠴᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠱᠣᠪᠤᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠥᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠴᠠ᠃,ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠰᠢᠩ︱ ᠮᠣᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠰᠢᠩ᠃,ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ︱ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ᠃ ᠦᠪᠤᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃,ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠬᠣᠷᠰᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ,ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠳᠤᠭᠤᠢᠯᠠᠩ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠨᠢᠬᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃,ᠬᠦᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠪᠢᠳᠠᠭ︱ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠳᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠡᠬᠡᠷ︱ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ︱ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠳ︱ ᠥᠩᠬᠦᠷᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠥᠭᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ︱ ᠥᠭᠡᠳᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ︱,ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ,,ᠳᠦᠷᠢ᠄ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ᠃,,ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ᠄ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠵᠢᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ᠃,,ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ᠄ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ,,ᠳᠤᠭᠤᠢᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠦᠯᠬᠦᠮ ᠨᠠᠢᠳᠠ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠠᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠪᠡᠭᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ,ᠨᠠᠢᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ,ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠢ︖ ᠮᠥᠩᠭᠦ ᠵᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠤᠢ︖,ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠫ᠂ ᠫᠦᠷᠪᠦᠰᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠩ,ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ,ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ,1. ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠳᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠳᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ 2.ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠬᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠩᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠮ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ 3. ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠬᠡᠯᠴᠡᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠢᠷᠠᠯᠠᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃,ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠬᠡᠯᠳᠡ,1᠂ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠷᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠢ︖ 2᠂ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ︖,ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠬᠣᠷᠰᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ,ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ,,ᠨᠢᠬᠡᠳᠤᠬᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢᠬᠡᠳᠤᠬᠡᠷ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃,ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ,,ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠵᠦᠳᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠳᠣᠳᠤᠨᠤ ᠰᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃,ᠠᠪᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠌ ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠨᠣᠭᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃,ᠠᠪᠤ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃,ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠬᠡᠳᠤᠬᠡᠷ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠳᠡᠬᠦᠰᠳᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠬᠠᠵᠠᠢᠵᠤ ᠬᠣᠭ ᠳᠡᠬᠦᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠴᠠᠢ᠃,,,,,,,ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠴᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯ ︵ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠳᠠ︶,,ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠵᠢᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠬᠡᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠢᠷᠠᠯᠠᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠴᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃,ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ︕,ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ,ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠪᠤ︱ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ︽ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤᠬᠠᠨ︾ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠮᠤᠷᠢᠴᠢ ᠰᠢᠳᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠢ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨᠰᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠪᠣᠷᠤᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠮᠤᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠳᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠠᠨᠢ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠢᠷᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠨᠠᠨᠴᠢ ᠬᠠᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠢᠷᠠᠳᠠᠢ᠃,ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠ︱ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ᠃ ᠲᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠠᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠦᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠡᠵᠢᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠥᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠣᠷ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠦᠰᠴᠠᠢ᠃,ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠳᠤᠭᠤᠢᠯᠠᠩ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ︕,ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ,,ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠳᠤᠰ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠯᠡ︽ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠥᠷᠯᠦᠭᠡ︾ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠳᠤᠬᠠᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠ︽ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠥᠷᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠴᠠᠢ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠯᠠ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ︽ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠥᠷᠯᠦᠭᠡ︾ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠥᠮ︽ᠡᠨᠡ ᠥᠷᠯᠦᠭᠡ︾ ᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠴᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤᠯᠠ ᠳᠤᠰ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃,ᠳᠤᠭᠤᠢᠯᠠᠩ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠦᠷᠬᠡᠳᠬᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ,ᠳᠤᠰ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠵᠢᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠬᠡᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠢᠷᠠᠯᠠᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠴᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃,ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠤᠳᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢ᠃,ᠤᠳᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠠᠬᠦᠯᠬᠦ,ᠪᠢᠳᠡ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠡᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠡᠨᠡᠷᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠷᠨᠢᠬᠦᠯᠦᠶ᠎ᠠ︕,ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠳᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ,《ᠠᠪᠤ ᠪᠢᠳᠡ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ》ᠬᠡᠭᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢ᠃,