学案4.4 ᠲᠤᠷᠤᠭ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ .docx

1 ᠲᠤᠷ ᠤᠭ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠎ᠠ ᠢ᠋ᠢ ᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠣᠴᠢ ᠶᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠵ ᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠲ ᠠᠰᠤ • ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ᠄ ᠲᠥᠰᠦ ᠪᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠄ ᠰᠤᠷᠬ ᠤ ᠬ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ 1.ᠵ ᠣᠬᠤᠶ ᠠᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠬᠦᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠢᠯᠠ ᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠃ 2.ᠵ ᠣᠬᠤᠶ ᠠᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠦ ᠳᠦᠭᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠷ ᠎ᠠ ᠲ ᠠᠮ ᠢ᠋ ᠣᠢᠯᠠ ᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠᠢᠨ ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠣᠨᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠢᠯ ᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠳᠦ ᠭᠡᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠣᠣ ᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠨ ᠢᠯ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠦᠭᠰ ᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦ ᠯ ᠢ᠋ ᠰ ᠦᠪᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠯᠡ ᠨ ᠣ ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠷ ᠬᠦ ᠴᠦᠯᠡ ᠨ ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠ ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠃ 3.ᠤ ᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠣ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ᠋ ᠠᠮᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠨᠢ ᠷᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠰᠢ ᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠯᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠃ 4.ᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠨ ᠵ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠰ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠢ᠋ ᠠᠩᠬ ᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠰᠢ ᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡ ᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵ ᠣᠬᠤᠶ ᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠴᠢ ᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠰᠢ ᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠᠢᠨ ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠰᠤ᠄ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠂ ᠵᠣᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬ ᠠᠢ ᠿᠦ ᡁᠢ ᠵᠢᠤ ᠸᠠᠨ ︱ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤ ᠯᠤᠰ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠦ ᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠢ᠋ ᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲ ᠡᠢ ᠵ ᠣᠬᠤᠶ ᠠᠯᠴᠢ ᠃ 1 925 ᠤᠨ ᠤ 9 ᠰᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ 13 ᠤ ᠡ ᠳᠦᠷ ᠱᠠᠩᠬ ᠠᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠥ ᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠤᠤ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠨᠤᠳ ᠤᠭ ᠵᠸᠵᠢ ᠶᠠᠩ ᠮᠤ ᠵᠢ ᠢ᠋ ᠢᠨ ᠬ ᠠᠩᠵᠸᠦ ᠬᠤ ᠳᠠ᠃ ᠲᠥᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡ ᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠦᠳ ᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠄ ᠲᠤᠷᠤ ᠭ ᠰ ᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠎ᠠ ᠢ᠋ᠢ ᠨ ᠴ ᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠺᠢᠨᠣ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠ ᠨ ᠲᠣ ᠭᠯᠠᠪᠠ ᠃ ᠰ ᠣᠶᠤᠯ ᠤ᠋ ᠨ ᠬ ᠤᠪᠤᠰ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠳ ᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭ ᠤ ᠬ ᠠᠢᠴᠢ ᠯᠠᠭᠰ ᠠᠨ ᠦ ᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠂ ᠥᠨᠳᠦ ᠷ ᠰ ᠦᠷᠯᠢ ᠭ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠵᠢ ᠥ ᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠭᠡ ᠲ ᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶ ᠠᠷ᠂ ᠲᠤᠷᠤᠭ ᠰ ᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠎ᠠ ᠢ᠋ᠢ ᠨ ᠴᠡ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠲ ᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠴᠡ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠂ ᠤᠯ ᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠰᠦ ᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠷᠭ ᠤᠮᠠᠯ᠃ 0.7 ︱1.5 ᠮᠸᠲ᠋ᠷ ᠥᠨᠳᠦ ᠷ ᠤ ᠷᠤᠭ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠃ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲ ᠣᠮᠤ ᠮ ᠦᠷᠳ ᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠣ ᠶᠤ ᠰ ᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ᠂ ᠤᠯ ᠠᠨ ᠥ ᠩᠭᠡ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ ᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠤ᠋ ᠨ ᠰᠢ ᠳᠠᠷ ᠨ ᠢ ᠶᠡ ᠭᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠳᠠᠢ᠂ ᠣᠷᠤᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤ ᠭᠠᠨ ᠰ ᠡᠵᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠠ ᠢ᠂ ᠬ ᠠᠢᠷᠰ ᠤᠯᠢᠭ ᠡ ᠰᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠ ᠷᠪᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠣᠷ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠡᠮ ᠎ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯ ᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠦ ᠷᠳᠦ ᠭᠦ ᠲᠣ ᠰᠤ ᠠᠪ ᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠠ᠂ ᠴᠢ ᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠢ 1946. 6—— 1949 .10 ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬ ᠣᠭᠤ ᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠ ᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴ ᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠢᠨ᠃ 1945. 9.2 ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠶᠠᠫᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠭ ᠤᠵᠤ ᠥᠭ ᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠ ᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ 1945 ᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠷ ᠨ ᠠᠮ ᠴ ᠦᠩᠴ ᠢᠩ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠲᠤᠳ ᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠬᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠵᠣᠭᠰ ᠤᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠴᠡ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠣᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰ ᠠᠨ ᠴ ᠦ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠯ ᠦ ᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠣ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠩ ᠲᠤᠳ ᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲ ᠠᠢᠨ ᠢ᠋ ᠡ ᠬᠦᠰᠬᠡ ᠵᠤ ᠲ ᠠᠢᠨ ᠡᠬᠤᠯᠡ ᠪᠡ᠃ ᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠢᠯ ᠠᠯᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠨ ᠶ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠨ ᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠯᠢᠶ ᠣᠣ ᠱ ᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠲ ᠠᠢᠯᠠ ᠯᠳᠤᠭ ᠠᠨ᠂ ᠫᠢᠩᠵ ᠢᠩ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠯ ᠠᠯᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠤᠸ ᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠢ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠯ ᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭ ᠠᠨ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦ ᠨ ᠳ᠋ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠠ ᠳ ᠤᠯ ᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠯᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠶ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠳ ᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠣᠨᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠢᠯ ᠠᠨ ᠬ ᠤᠸᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠢ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠯ ᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭ ᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦ ᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮ ᠡᠨ543 ᠲᠦᠮ ᠡᠨ ᠬᠥ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠣᠷᠤ ᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠂ 2 0.6 ᠲᠦᠮ ᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠮ ᠨᠠᠭᠤ ᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠂ 8 8.1 ᠲᠦᠮ ᠡᠨ ᠵ ᠢᠳᠭᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ 9.6 ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩᠰ ᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠵᠢᠩ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠎ᠠ ᠲ ᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠂ 9. 8 ᠲᠦᠮ ᠡᠨ ᠰᠢ ᠷᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠨ ᠢ᠋ ᠵᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠪᠤᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠵᠠᠢ ᠃ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡ ᠂ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠶᠠᠷᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠰ ᠦᠯᠡᠯ — ᠵᠣᠬ ᠢᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠷ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠳ ᠤ ᠶᠠ ᠪᠤᠭᠳ ᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠷᠢ ᠶ ᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴ ᠠᠯᠭ ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠢᠯ ᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯ ᠠᠭ ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠴᠢᠯᠠ ᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠡ ᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠡ ᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯ ᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠥᠭᠡ ᠳ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠭ ᠠᠮᠢᠰ ᠬᠤᠯ᠂ ᠰᠢ ᠨᠵᠢ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶ ᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠡ᠃ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠬ ᠤᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨ ᠳᠦᠷ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ — ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠠ ᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡ ᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠ ᠰ᠂ ᠨᠡᠢᠭᠡ ᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠬ ᠤᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠳᠠ ᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶ ᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠯᠠᠨ ᠠ᠃ ᠰᠦᠪᠡᠭᠴ ᠢ ᠦᠯᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ — ᠵᠣᠬ ᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠬ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶ ᠢ ᠤ ᠷᠢᠳᠴ ᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠮ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠴ ᠦ ᠪᠢ ᠳᠡᠬᠦᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠭ ᠤᠯᠭ ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠦᠪ ᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠦᠯᠡᠳ ᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠨ ᠡ᠃ ᠵᠣᠬ ᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ ᠡ ᠬᠣ ᠢᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠭ ᠤᠯᠭ ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠣ ᠯᠪᠣᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠠᠮᠠ ᠰᠡᠭ ᠡᠷ ᠨᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠦᠨ᠂ ᠪᠥᠬᠥ ᠵᠣᠬ ᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠷ ᠭᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠪᠦ ᠲᠦᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴ ᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭ ᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠳᠦᠷ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ — ᠲᠦᠷ ᠰᠦᠯᠡ ᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠢᠯᠡ ᠰᠢ ᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠰᠦᠯᠡ ᠬᠦ᠂ ᠪᠤᠳᠠ ᠳᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠯᠠ ᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠡ᠃ ᠳᠡᠮ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ — ᠬᠣ ᠯᠪᠣᠭᠳ ᠠᠯ ᠪ ᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ᠂ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠠᠯ᠂ ᠣᠷ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵ ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠭᠣ ᠣᠯ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠡᠳ ᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠣᠢ ᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠦᠷ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠬ ᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠡ᠃ 2 ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ — ᠲᠦᠷ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠳ ᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠰ ᠨᠢᠮᠪ ᠠᠢ᠂ ᠤᠷᠠ ᠨ ᠨᠠ ᠷᠢᠯᠢᠭ᠂ ᠪᠦ ᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠯᠳ ᠡᠷ ᠳᠦᠷ ᠰᠦᠯᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠨ ᠠ᠃ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠷ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ — ᠵᠣᠬ ᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠤᠷ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠ ᠯ᠂ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶ ᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠠ ᠳᠠᠢ ᠮᠦᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠨ ᠨᠠ ᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠵᠦ ᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠦᠷ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠵᠡ ᠬᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠨ ᠡ᠃ ᠪᠠᠭ ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬ ᠤ᠂ ᠴᠥᠭᠡ ᠨ ᠢᠶᠠ ᠷ ᠤ ᠯᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠳᠦᠷ ᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳ ᠣᠯ ᠰᠡ ᠳᠬᠢᠯᠭᠡ᠂ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬ ᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠ ᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠭ ᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯ ᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠳᠬ ᠠ ᠰᠠᠨᠠ ᠭ ᠠ ᠶ ᠢ ᠬᠦ ᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦᠯ ᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳ ᠦᠯ ᠲᠠ ᠢ᠃ 【 ᠬᠤ ᠷᠰᠢ ᠨ ᠬᠠᠮ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠨ᠂ ᠤ ᠷᠤᠯᠳᠤ ᠨ ᠰ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠶ ᠎ᠠ 】 ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠡᠵ ᠡᠮᠰᠢ ᠯ ᠲᠤᠰᠢ ᠭᠤᠨ ︱ ᠤᠩᠭᠤ ᠭᠰᠠᠨ ︱ ᠱᠠᠩᠬᠤ ︱ ᠰᠠᠩᠮ ᠠᠢ ︱ ᠶᠠᠩᠳᠤᠸ ᠠᠨ ︱ ᠴᠠᠪ ︱ ᠲᠣᠪᠬᠤᠬ ᠤ ︱ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠳᠤᠭᠰ ᠠᠨ ︱ ᠱᠣᠯᠳᠤᠢ ᠭᠰᠠᠨ ︱ ᠣᠴᠤ ᠭ ︱ ᠬᠤᠶ ᠠᠷ ᠂ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠵᠣᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ ᠢ ᠪᠦ ᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠡ︖ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠤᠢ ᠯᠡ ᠶ ᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠ ᠯ ᠢ᠋ ᠭᠣᠣ ᠯ ᠪᠣᠴ ᠢᠪᠠ ︖ ᠦᠢ ᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠ ᠯ ᠢ᠋ ᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶ ᠡᠩᠭ ᠤᠢᠯᠠ ᠵᠤ ᠪᠣ ᠴᠢ᠃ ᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠂ ᠲᠤ ᠷᠤᠭ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠎ᠠ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠴ ᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠬᠠᠳᠭᠤᠮᠠ ᠯᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠷᠭ ᠠᠨ ᠬᠥ ᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠦᠯ ᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠢ᠋ ᠵᠣᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠤ ᠨ ᠪᠣᠴ ᠢᠪᠡ ︖ ᠤᠢᠯᠡ ᠳᠦᠯ ᠢ᠋ ᠨᠢ ᠬ ᠤᠷᠢᠶ ᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠴ ᠢ᠃ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡ ᠂ ᠳᠦᠷ ᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯ ᠵᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠶ ᠎ᠠ᠃ 3 1.ᠲᠤ ᠷᠤᠭ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠎ᠠ ᠢ᠋ᠢ ᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠬᠠᠳᠭᠤᠮᠠ ᠯᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠷᠭ ᠠᠨ ᠬᠥ ᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯᠡ ᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠴᠢ ᠷ ᠠ᠋ᠴ ᠠ ᠰ ᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠢ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠴᠢᠨᠠ ᠷ ᠢ᠋ ᠣᠯ ᠵᠤ ᠬ ᠠᠷᠠᠪᠠ ︖ 2.ᠶ ᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠳᠦᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠦ ᠳᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭ ᠎ᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠰᠢ ᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠷᠢ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠪᠡ ︖ 3. ᠰ ᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠡ ᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠲ ᠤᠷᠤᠭ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠢ᠋ᠢ ᠨ ᠴ ᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠰᠦ ᠭᠡᠳᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠦ ︖ 4.ᠲᠤ ᠷᠤᠭ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠎ᠠ ᠴ ᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠵ ᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠨ ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠷᠢ ᠢ᠋ ᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠴᠢᠨᠠ ᠷ ᠢ᠋ ᠪᠡ ᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡ ᠪᠡ ᠦᠦ︖ ᠬᠣ ᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠦ ︖ 5.ᠬᠣ ᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠵ ᠠᠩ ᠴᠢᠨᠠ ᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠢ︖ ᠶᠠᠮ ᠠᠷ ᠠᠷ ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳ ᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠦᠳ ᠦᠭᠡᠪᠡ ︖ 6. ᠪᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠵᠣᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠶ ᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠦᠢ ᠯᠡᠳᠦ ᠯ ᠲ ᠠᠢ ᠪᠤ ᠢ︖ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠂ ᠣ ᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭ ᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠳ ᠦᠷᠰ ᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠢ᠋ ᠳ ᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠥ ᠰᠡᠢᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠦᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠥ ᠬᠦ ᠰᠦᠨᠦ ᠭᠳᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠵᠢ ᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠨ ᠲ ᠤᠳᠤᠯᠡ ᠃ A. ᠭᠣᠣ ᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠷ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠤᠳ ᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠯ ᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠢᠯ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠦ᠃ B.ᠠᠭᠤ ᠷ ᠠᠮ ᠢᠰᠭ ᠤᠯ ᠢ᠋ ᠪᠤᠳᠤ ᠭᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠃ C. ᠤᠢᠯᠡ ᠶ ᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠ ᠯ ᠢ᠋ ᠥ ᠷᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠃ 4 D. ᠭᠣᠣ ᠯ ᠰ ᠡᠳᠦᠪ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠡᠨ ᠲ ᠣᠳᠤᠷ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠃ 1.ᠥᠷ ᠯᠦᠭᠡᠭᠦ ᠷ ᠪᠣ ᠷᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠰ ᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠵᠤ ᠥᠩᠭᠡᠷ ᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠤᠭ ᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤ ᠯᠪᠠᠴᠦ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠭ ᠣᠣᠯ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠯᠡ ᠬᠠᠯ ᠳᠤᠷᠢ ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠲ ᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠯ ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤ᠋ ᠨ ᠬᠤᠶ ᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠤ ᠭᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠ ᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠯᠭᠡᠮ᠎ᠡ ᠨᠣ ᠭᠤᠭ ᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠳᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠬᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠨ ᠲᠣᠰᠤ ᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠥᠩᠵᠢᠭᠢᠨ ᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠣᠯᠠᠯᠵᠠ ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭ ᠷᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠴᠢᠭᠢᠭᠯᠢ ᠭ ᠴ ᠡᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠰᠭᠤᠭ ᠎ᠠ ᠲ ᠠᠯᠪᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠃ 2.ᠰᠥᠨ ᠢ ᠢ᠋ᠢ ᠨ ᠬᠥ ᠰᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠷ ᠢ ᠢ᠋ᠢ ᠨ ᠳᠡᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠ ᠨ ᠠ᠋ᠴ ᠠ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠯ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠶ ᠠᠷᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠ ᠷᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠡᠬᠤᠯᠡ ᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷ ᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠰᠥᠨ ᠢ ᠠ᠋ᠴᠠ ᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠠᠶ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠢᠰᠦ ᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠲᠡᠨ ᠳᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠤᠵ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠢ ᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠠᠮᠢᠶ ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠯ ᠪᠡᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠪᠤ ᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠭ ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠷ ᠡᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠯ ᠦᠭᠴ ᠢ ᠪᠦ ᠮᠪᠤᠭᠡ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠤ ᠯᠠᠰ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠰ ᠬᠣᠵ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠣ ᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠦᠳ ᠡᠡᠭ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠰᠢ ᠭ ᠭᠠ ᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠥ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠦ ᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ᠋ ᠲ ᠤᠯᠠᠢᠯ ᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠯ ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠡᠳ ᠦᠷ ᠠ᠋ᠴ ᠠ ᠳᠣ ᠣᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠡᠢ ᠮᠦ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠥᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠷᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭ ᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠡᠴᠡᠬᠦᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠂ ᠬᠡᠴ ᠢᠨᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠴᠦ ᠣᠷᠤ ᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠠ ︕ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠤᠩᠭ ᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠨᠠᠳᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠲ ᠤᠩ ᠵᠢᠭ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠳᠠ ᠬᠤ ᠪᠣ ᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 【 ᠥᠷ ᠭᠡᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠤ ᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠ ᠶ᠎ᠠ 】 ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠦᠵᠡᠵ ᠦ ᠢᠯ ᠡᠳᠭᠡᠯ ᠬᠢ᠃ ᠱᠠᠭᠠ ᠷᠳᠠᠯ ᠭ᠎ᠠ᠄ 1.ᠲᠦᠷᠰ ᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠵ ᠡᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠷᠢ ᠬᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠤᠶᠠᠯ ᠳᠤᠭᠤ ᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠃ 2.ᠬᠦ ᠴᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠢᠪᠯᠡᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠡᠶ ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠨ ᠦ ᠷᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠦᠵ ᠡᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠷᠢ ᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠳᠠᠢ᠃ 3.ᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠲ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠬᠣ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠ ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ 【ᠲᠤ ᠷᠠᠳᠬᠤ ᠠᠰ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠤᠶ ᠤ ᠤ ᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠭᠳᠡᠯ 】