学案2.1 ᠦᠪᠤᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ᠂ ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠺᠣᠨ᠋ᠰᠫᠧᠺᠲ .docx

1 ᠦᠪᠤᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭ ᠤᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ᠋ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠯᠠᠭᠰ ᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠢ ᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠵᠢ ᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠲ ᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠄ ᠲ ᠥᠰᠦ ᠪᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠄ ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠬ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠳ ᠠ 1.ᠵ ᠣᠬᠢᠶ ᠠᠭᠴ ᠢ ᠢ᠋ᠢ ᠨ ᠦᠵ ᠡᠯᠳᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠵ ᠥᠪ ᠣ ᠢᠯᠠᠭ ᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠦᠨᠳ ᠦᠰᠦᠳ ᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠯᠬᠦᠮᠳᠡᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ ᠎ᠠ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠷ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢ ᠯᠳᠠ ᠲ ᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠃ 2.ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤ ᠯᠤᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠵ ᠣᠬᠢᠶ ᠠᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠤ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠮᠳ ᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠ ᠴᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠯᠡᠨ ᠥ ᠭᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠳ ᠠ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠳ ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡ ᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠦ ᠠ ᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢ ᠬᠦ᠃ 3. ᠡᠷᠳᠡ ᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠴ ᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠭᠣᠣᠯᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠲ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵ ᠣᠬᠢᠶ ᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰ ᠠᠨ ᠤᠷ ᠎ᠠ ᠲ ᠡᠮ ᠢ᠋ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰ ᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠃ ᠮᠡᠳᠡ ᠯᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶ ᠠᠭᠴ ᠢ ᠢ᠋ᠢ ᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠸ ᠧ ᠽᠠᠨ ︱ ᠮ ᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠳ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨ᠃ ᠬᠤᠨᠠ ᠨ ᠮᠤ ᠵᠢ ᠢ᠋ ᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠤᠶ ᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠶ ᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ᠂ ᠤᠢᠭᠤ ᠷ ᠦᠨᠳ ᠦᠰᠦᠳ ᠡᠨ᠃ ᠭ ᠣᠣᠯ ᠪᠦᠳ ᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠄ᠲᠤᠮᠳ ᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠡᠦ ᠬᠡ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠪ ᠴᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠭᠡᠷ᠂ ᠬ ᠣᠶᠠᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠳᠢ ᠂ ᠲᠤᠮᠳ ᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠡᠦ ᠬᠡ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠢᠳ ᠭᠡᠯ ᠂ᠦᠪᠤᠷ ᠮᠣ ᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ᠋ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠯᠠᠭᠰ ᠠᠨ ᠨ ᠢᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠰᠡᠳᠦ ᠪ ︱ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠰ ᠬᠠᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠵ ᠦᠢᠯ ᠃ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠢ ᠯᠢ ︱ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤ ᠯᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳ ᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠷ ᠪᠢ ᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡ ᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯ᠃ ᠰᠦ ᠪᠡᠭᠴ ᠢ ︱ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠨ ᠢ᠋ ᠬ ᠠᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰ ᠠᠨ ᠵ ᠣᠬᠢᠶ ᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶ ᠠᠷ᠂ ᠠ ᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠮᠳ ᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠰᠣᠨᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰ ᠠᠨ ᠢ᠋ ᠶᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳ ᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠢᠭᠰ ᠠᠨ ᠢ᠋ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠠᠶ ᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠮᠳ ᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧ ᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷ ᠂ ᠠ ᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭ ᠠᠢᠬᠠᠮᠰ ᠢᠭᠳᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠮᠵ ᠢ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵ ᠠᠷ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠣ ᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢ ᠭ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠵᠠᠩᠰ ᠢᠯ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠡᠳᠦ ᠷ ᠲᠤᠳ ᠤᠮ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠯ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠤ ᠯᠤᠰ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳ ᠦ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠡ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠷ ᠁ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠮᠳ ᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠣ ᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢ ᠭ ᠲᠠ ᠢ᠂ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠤᠶᠠᠩᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠣ ᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢ ᠭ ᠪᠠᠰ ᠠ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ 【 ᠬᠤᠷᠰ ᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠳ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ᠂ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯ ᠴᠠᠶ᠎ᠠ 】 ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡ ᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠢ᠋ ᠢᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢ ᠯ ᠴᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠮᠳᠠ ︱ ᠭᠡᠯᠴ ᠡᠳᠡᠭ ︱ ᠲᠠᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠪ ᠴᠢ ︱ ᠾᠦ ᠩᠨᠤᠴ ᠤᠳ ︱ ᠬᠠᠩ ᠳᠠᠭᠰ ᠠᠨ ︱ ᠬᠡᠪᠴ ᠡᠭ ︱ ᠨᠡᠭᠦ ᠳᠡᠯᠴ ᠢᠨ ᠠᠢᠮᠠ ᠭ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠤᠢ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠷᠯᠢ ᠭ ︱ ᠲᠤᠮᠳ ᠠᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠬᠤ ᠬᠢ ᠰᠬᠢᠬᠦᠷ ︱ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡ ᠮ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠ ᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠲ ᠣᠭᠰᠢ ᠵᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ︱ ᠬᠤᠶ ᠠᠷ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶ ᠠᠷ ᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠨ ᠪᠦ ᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡ ᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦ ᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯ ᠠ᠃ 1. ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤ᠋ ᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨ ᠵ ᠤᠷᠪᠤᠰ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡ ᠷᠡᠮ ᠭᠡᠳᠡ ᠭ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ᠋ ᠤ ᠩᠰᠢ ᠨ ᠲᠤᠤᠷᠠ ᠬᠢ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳ ᠠ ᠶ᠋ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢ ᠭᠤᠯ᠃ ①ᠲᠤᠰ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠡ ᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠯᠡᠳ ᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ᠋ ᠪᠢᠴ ᠢᠠ ︖ ② ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶ ᠠᠭᠴ ᠢ ᠡᠦ ᠯᠢᠩ ᠸ ᠠᠩ ᠢ᠋ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠷ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠡ ᠷᠭᠦᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠ ᠠ︖ 2. ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠢ᠋ ᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠷᠮᠤ ᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭᠯᠡ ᠯ ᠢ᠋ ᠤᠩᠰ ᠢᠨ ᠲ ᠤᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠭᠡ ᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤ ᠯᠳᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢ ᠭᠤᠯ᠃ ① ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭᠯᠡ ᠯ ᠳ᠋ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠬᠡ ᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠪᠢ ᠴᠢᠪᠡ ︖ ᠢᠩᠭᠢ ᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠦ ᠢ᠋ ᠢᠨ ᠵ ᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭ ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠶ ᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ︖ 2 ② ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠡᠷᠳᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵ ᠤᠷᠪᠤᠰ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠵ ᠣᠬᠢᠶ ᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠠ ᠰᠡ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠵ ᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠠ︖ ③ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶ ᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠮᠳ ᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠯᠡᠨ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠳ ᠠ ᠵ ᠣᠬᠢᠶ ᠠᠭᠴ ᠢ ᠦᠵ ᠡᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦ ᠯᠪᠡ᠃ ᠵ ᠢᠱᠢᠶ ᠎ᠡ ᠲ ᠠᠢ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡ᠃ ᠭᠤᠷᠠ᠂ ᠲᠠ ᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠦᠭᠲᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠯ ᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠢ ᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠵ ᠣᠬᠢᠶ ᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢ ᠮᠵᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠲᠣᠳ ᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯ᠃ ᠦᠪᠤᠷ ᠮᠣ ᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ᠋ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤ ᠯᠵᠢᠯᠠ ᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮ ᠤᠭ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠤᠷᠪᠤ ᠰ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷ ᠡᠮ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬ ᠣᠷᠮᠤ ᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠨ ᠬᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠭᠤ ᠯᠠ ᠮᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠤ ᠯᠠ ᠢ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠴ ᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴ ᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠷᠢ ᠬᠢ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠠᠷᠬ ᠠᠯᠳᠠ᠃