学案1.12 ᠮᠠᠩᠯᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯ᠂ ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠺᠣᠨ᠋ᠰᠫᠧᠺᠲ .docx

︽ᠮᠠᠩᠯ ᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠮ ᠠᠭᠳᠠ ᠭᠠᠯ ︾ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠢᠴ ᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠵᠢ ᠯᠯᠠᠭ ᠠᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠲ ᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ᠄ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ᠄ ᠲ ᠥᠰᠦ ᠪᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠄ ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠬ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠳ ᠠ 1.ᠤ ᠷᠤᠰᠤ ᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠩᠰ ᠢᠵᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ 2.ᠪᠠ ᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠰᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢ ᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡ ᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠦᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ 3.ᠲ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠯᠢ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠣ ᠮᠤᠭ᠂ ᠵ ᠠᠩ ᠵ ᠠᠩᠰ ᠢᠯ ᠤ ᠨ ᠵᠦ ᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠬ ᠤᠷᠠᠮᠳ ᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠮᠣ ᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰ ᠢᠯᠳᠤ ᠰᠣᠶ ᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠤᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠢᠷᠡ ᠬᠦᠯᠦᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠮᠡᠳᠡ ᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠢᠷᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠄ ᠭᠣᠣᠯᠳᠠ ᠭᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠡᠴ ᠠ ᠰᠡ ᠷᠡᠭᠳ ᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠳ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠰᠢ ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠵᠢ ᠮ ᠬᠣᠢᠰ ᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠯ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠᠯ᠂ ᠠ ᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠦᠢ ᠯᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠥᠩᠨᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰ ᠡᠨ ᠠ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠢᠷᠠ ᠭᠤ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠ ᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵ ᠦᠢᠯ᠃ ᠮᠠᠭᠳᠠ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠄ ᠨᠡᠢᠭᠡ ᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠯᠠᠨ᠂ ᠥᠩ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠣ ᠳᠣᠬᠢ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠤᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠯᠳ ᠠ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠰᠢ ᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠶᠠᠩᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷ ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠯ ᠡᠳᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠ ᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡ ᠵ ᠦᠢᠯ᠃ ᠠᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ᠄  ᠪᠦᠷ ᠰᠠᠢ ᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠬᠠ ᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠰ ᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠡᠯᠵᠡᠭᠰ ᠡᠨ ᠠ ᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠ ᠢ᠃  ᠪᠦᠷ ᠠᠷᠠ ᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠢ ᠭ᠌ ᠮᠠᠶᠢ ᠭ᠃  ᠪᠦᠷ ᠤ ᠸᠮ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠤᠭᠤ ᠯᠠᠩ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠢ ︕ ᠬᠡᠭᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠦ ᠲᠤᠭᠳ ᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡ ᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡ ᠯᠳᠠ᠂ ᠭ ᠣᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ᠌᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡ ᠯ ᠬᠡ ᠭᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴ ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃  ᠪᠦᠷ ᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠯᠡᠯ ᠂ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤ ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯ ᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠌ ᠃ ᠠᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠠ ᠯ᠎ᠠ᠄ ᠢᠷᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠢᠰ ᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰ ᠠᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠥ ᠩᠨᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢ ᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡ ᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠃ ᠮᠠᠭᠳᠠ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳ ᠠᠢ ᠠᠬᠤ ᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠯᠠᠨ᠂ ᠥᠩ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠶ ᠤ ᠣ ᠳᠣᠬᠢ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠯ ᠢᠶ ᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠃ ᠢᠷᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠷ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡ ᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠌ ᠃ ᠮᠠᠭᠳᠠ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠪᠠ ᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡ ᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠌ ᠃ ᠢᠷᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠮ ᠠᠭᠳᠠ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠤ ᠨ ᠤ ᠩᠰᠢ ᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵ ᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠢᠯ ᠭᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠ ᠢ᠃ 【 ᠬᠤᠷᠰ ᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠳ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ᠂ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯ ᠴᠠᠶ᠎ᠠ 】 ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢ ᠯ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠤ | ᠲᠣᠷᠤᠮ | ᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠭᠤᠨᠵ ᠢ| ᠠᠳᠠ | ᠢᠩᠭᠡ | ᠪᠤᠤᠷ ᠎ᠠ| ᠪᠤᠢᠯᠠ | ᠪᠤᠷᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭ | ᠬᠤᠮ | ᠬᠣᠷᠭᠤᠯ ︱ ᠪᠤᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ | ᠲᠠᠰ ᠢᠬᠦ| ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ | ᠪᠦᠬᠦ | ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ | ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠤᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ | ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢᠷᠬᠦ | ᠬᠣᠨᠳ ᠤᠯᠠᠢ | ᠬᠤᠶ ᠠᠷ ᠂ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠲᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠷ ᠨᠢᠭ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠶ᠎ᠠ᠃ 1.ᠲ ᠤᠰ ᠮᠠᠭᠳᠠ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠡ ᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠶ ᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠ ︖ 2. ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠮ ᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ ︖ ᠬᠤᠶ ᠠᠷ᠂ ᠲᠡᠮᠡ ᠭᠡᠨ ᠳ ᠤ ᠠ ᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶ ᠠᠷ ᠵ ᠢᠯ ᠤ ᠨ ᠠ ᠮᠢᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡ ᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠤ ᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰ ᠠᠨ ᠨ ᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠦᠢ ᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠢ︖ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠ ᠭᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠢ︖ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠡᠢᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠢᠶ ᠡᠷ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠴ ᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠦ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠃ 1.ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠡ ᠷ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠵᠢ ᠮ ᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠤᠪᠤ ᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠥᠩ ᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠯᠤᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠢ ᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠲ ᠠᠢ ᠠᠷᠰᠯ ᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠲᠠ ᠢ ᠠᠶᠤᠩᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠰᠢᠷᠥ ᠬᠦᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠢ ᠨᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠯ ᠦᠭ᠌ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠶ ᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠣᠢ ᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠢᠬᠠᠭᠳ ᠠᠭᠰᠠ ᠨ ᠬᠤᠳ ᠠᠯᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠳ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠢᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠ ᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠥᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠬᠠᠨᠢ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠰᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠳᠠ ᠪᠣ ᠯ᠁ 2.ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠵ ᠢᠯ ᠤ ᠨ ᠭᠠᠩ ᠳ ᠤ ᠴ ᠦ ᠲᠠᠰ ᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠨᠳ ᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠦᠵ ᠡᠭᠡ ᠦ ᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠠᠪᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠨᠤ ᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠦ ᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢ ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦ ᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠠᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠭ ᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠦ ᠬᠦᠵᠦᠬᠦᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠤᠨ ᠤᠭᠰᠠ ᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦ ᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠮᠠ ᠯ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴ ᠦ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠳ ᠤᠢᠭᠰ ᠠᠨ ᠵ ᠢᠱᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠦ ᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠠᠯᠮᠠᠰ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠰᠤ ᠳᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦ ᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠬᠡ ᠷ ᠡᠨ ᠡ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠬᠦ ᠴᠦᠳ ᠦ ᠯ ᠤᠤ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠨ ᠲ ᠡᠷᠠ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ 【ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠬᠢ ᠶ᠎ᠡ 】 ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠴᠡ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠶ ᠣᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠲ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠶ ᠢ ᠴ ᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠳᠤᠳᠬᠠᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶ ᠠᠷ᠂ ᠲ ᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠡᠢᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦ ᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠩᠰᠢ ᠵᠤ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠰᠠ ᠭᠤᠯᠳ ᠠ ᠶ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢ ᠭᠤᠯ᠃ ᠵᠢᠩ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠳ ᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠮᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ᠋ 2 ︱3 ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠨᠡᠢᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠵᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢ ᠳᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠦᠯᠦᠰ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠢ ᠷᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠷᠱ ᠷᠥᠲ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠳ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰ ᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠌ ᠨᠢ 20 ︱25 ᠣ ᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠵᠠ ᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠩ ᠬᠢᠳᠡᠭ᠌ ᠬᠠᠯᠬ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠬ ᠠᠷᠠᠴ ᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠬ ᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠶᠠ ᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠨᠡᠭᠦ ᠳᠡᠯᠴ ᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠦ ᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠃ ᠬᠠᠯᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠶᠠᠨ᠄ ᠦᠦ ᠷ ᠢᠢ ᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠶᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠥᠳᠡ ᠯᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠣ ᠷᠤᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠ ᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠠᠶ ᠠᠨ ᠥ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠳᠤ ᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢ ᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠪᠤ ᠩ ᠨ ᠥᠬᠦ ᠴᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠢ ᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠌ ᠪᠠᠢ ᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠄ ᠦᠳ ᠡ ᠡ ᠴᠠ ᠬᠣᠢᠰ ᠢ ᠠ ᠴᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠰᠥ ᠨᠢ ᠲ ᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠬᠣᠢᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠤᠳᠠ ᠯᠯᠠᠳᠠ ᠭ᠃ ᠬᠥᠯ ᠬᠥᠳᠡ ᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠨᠤᠳᠤ ᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠠ ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠬᠤ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠡᠳᠦ ᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠢᠳᠡ ᠭᠦᠯᠦ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠥ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢ ᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤ ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠷ ᠠ ᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠳ ᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠢᠳᠠ ᠷ ᠬᠠᠯᠬ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠬᠥᠭᠰᠢ ᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠬ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠦᠳ ᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰ ᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠩᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨ᠂ ᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠰ ᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠳ ᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠷ ᠬᠠᠯᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤ ᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠬᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡ ᠳ ᠥᠷᠯᠦ ᠭᠡ9 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢ ᠮᠵᠢᠶ ᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠳᠡ ᠯᠵᠤ1 5 ︱18 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢ ᠮᠵᠢᠶ ᠠᠨ ᠳ ᠤ ᠦᠳ ᠡᠯᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠨ ᠠ ᠴᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠥᠷᠯᠦ ᠭᠡ4 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡ ᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠵᠤ ᠬᠣᠨᠤᠭᠯᠠᠳ ᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠵᠠ ᠢ᠃ ᠡᠷᠳᠡ ᠮᠳᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠳ ᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰ ᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠢᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ 3.5 ︱4.5 ᠺᠢᠯᠣᠮ ᠧᠲ᠋ᠷ ᠂ ᠬᠣᠨᠤᠭ ᠲ ᠤ 30 ︱40 ᠺᠢᠯᠣᠮ ᠧᠲ᠋ᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠥ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠ ᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠨᠤᠭ ᠶ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡ ᠡᠳᠦ ᠷ ᠠ ᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠃ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤ ᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠪᠢ ᠶᠠᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠴᠢ ᠲ᠂ ᠠᠶᠤᠷᠵᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠣᠪᠢ ᠠᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠤ ᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡ ᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ 4 ᠺᠢᠯᠣᠮ ᠧᠲ᠋ᠷ ᠂ ᠬᠣᠨᠤ ᠭ ᠲᠤ 37 ᠺᠢᠯᠣᠮ ᠧᠲ᠋ᠷ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠲ ᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠂740 ᠺᠢ ᠯᠣᠮᠧ ᠲ᠋ᠷ ᠭᠠᠵᠠ ᠷ ᠢ 20 ᠬᠣᠨᠤᠭ ᠲ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳ ᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠭᠳ ᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰ ᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠳ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠯᠳ ᠡᠭ᠌᠂ ᠬᠦᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠤ ᠨᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠌ ᠲᠣᠬᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯ ᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠ ᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠷ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠴᠠ᠂ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠤ ᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡ ᠨ ᠲᠣᠨᠵᠢ ᠮᠠᠶᠢ ᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠪᠢ ᠰ ᠢᠰᠡ ᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠭᠰ ᠡᠨ ᠭᠣᠶ ᠤ ᠭ ᠠᠩᠭᠠ ᠩ ᠬᠢᠴᠡᠳᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠪ ᠳᠠᠭᠳ ᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠣᠨᠤ ᠭ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣ ᠯᠵᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤ ᠯ ᠰᠣᠶᠤ ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠪ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠩ ᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠢᠨ ᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠠ ᠶᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠪᠠᠭ᠂ ᠪᠤᠭᠴ ᠦ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠤ ᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠥᠯᠦ ᠭ᠌ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠯ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠ ᠨ ᠲᠡᠳ ᠦᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠷ ᠴᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠱᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠴ ᠢᠵᠤ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠢ ᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠭᠳ ᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠳ ᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠠ ᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠰᠢ ᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠳ ᠠ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠵᠤᠵᠠ ᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠮ᠂ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ᠂ ᠤ ᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠳᠠ᠂ ᠱᠠᠳᠤ ᠂ ᠱᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠣ ᠭᠤᠰᠤᠷ᠂ ᠣᠯᠤᠮ᠂ ᠲᠠᠳ ᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠱᠣᠷᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠪᠤᠢᠯᠠ ᠂ ᠲᠤᠪᠤᠬ ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠪᠤᠷᠠᠨᠳᠠ ᠭ᠂ ᠨᠤᠭ ᠳᠤᠭ᠂ ᠲᠠᠪᠠᠭᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠂ ᠮ ᠥᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠳ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠯᠳ ᠡᠭ᠌ ᠬᠦᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠮᠡ ᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡ᠂ ᠤᠨᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠵ ᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠡᠳᠯᠡ ᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠳᠦᠯ ᠤᠴ ᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠣ ᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰ ᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦᠤ ᠲᠤᠳ ᠠᠭᠤ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠡᠳᠯᠡ ᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠡ ᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠤ ᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦ ᠳᠡᠯᠴ ᠢ ᠮ ᠠᠯᠴᠢ ᠳ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠤ ᠯ ᠢᠷ ᠭᠡᠨᠰᠢ ᠯ ᠳ ᠤ ᠣ ᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠵ ᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠵ ᠡᠷᠭᠡᠴ ᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠮ ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠬᠤᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠌ ᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠳ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠢ ᠷᠠᠭᠰ ᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠨᠤᠭ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠠ ᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠ ᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠣᠮᠤᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠣᠢᠵᠤ ᠠᠶ ᠠᠨ ᠵ ᠢᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠬᠤ᠂ ᠪᠡᠯᠴ ᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠤᠳᠤ ᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢ ᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠰᠤᠷᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠣᠶᠤᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠰᠣᠶᠤ ᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠯ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ 1.ᠲ ᠤᠰ ᠰᠡᠢᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯ ᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠵ ᠣᠬᠢᠶ ᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠴ ᠠᠭ ᠥᠭ ᠴᠦ ᠦᠵᠠ᠃ 2.ᠲ ᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠶ ᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯ ᠡᠪᠡ ︖ ᠵᠢᠱᠢ ᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠶ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠣ ᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳ ᠠᠢ ᠶ ᠠᠷᠢ᠃ 3. ᠲᠡᠮᠡ ᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰ ᠠᠨ ᠶ ᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠶ ᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠵ ᠦᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳ ᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠯ ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠ ︖ 4.ᠮᠣᠩᠭ ᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶ ᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠰᠣᠶ ᠤᠯ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠ ᠷᠠᠭᠳ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢ ᠨ᠎ᠠ︖ 【 ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠬᠤ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳ ᠠ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠲ ᠥᠷᠦᠭᠳ ᠡᠯ 】