ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ 《ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠲᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ》 ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠩᠭᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ .pdf

- 1 - 问题 引领 体 验 式 教学 ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ︽ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠲᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠳᠣᠯᠭᠠᠲᠦ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ︵法 a︾ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠩᠬᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ︽︾ - ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠪ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ᠄ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠨ᠄ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ᠄ ᠨ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠋᠂ ᠵ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠭᠠᠨ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠣ᠊ ᠷᠭᠠᠬ᠊ ᠤ ᠬ᠊ ‍ᠠᠷᠠᠯ᠊ ᠳ᠋ᠠ 【 】 ᠱᠠ᠊ ‍ᠭᠠ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠋ ᠎ᠠ 1. ︽ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ︾ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠂ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ︵ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ a ᠪᠠ ᠰᠣᠷᠣᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠲᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ 2. ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠣᠷᠣᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠴᠦ᠂ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠰᠢᠯ᠂ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠴᠠ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠣᠪᠣᠷ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠬᠢᠬᠡᠳ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ︽ᠭᠤᠷᠮᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ︾ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯᠳᠦᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠰᠣᠷᠣᠬᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠯᠠᠬᠴᠢ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠣᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠪᠤᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ 3. ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤᠨ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠢᠷᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠲᠠᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠮ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠣ ᠶ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠷ᠂ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠣ᠊ ᠷᠬ᠊ ᠤ ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠯᠭ᠌ ᠎ᠠ ᠵ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯᠤᠯᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ 【 】 ᠱᠠ᠊ ‍ᠭᠠ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠋ ᠎ᠠ 1. ᠰᠣᠷᠬᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠮ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ 2. ᠲᠣᠰ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ 3. ᠲᠣᠰ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠣᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠦᠷᠠᠯ ᠯᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ 4. ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠰᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠭᠣ ᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠰᠣ ᠷᠣᠭ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ᠢ ᠵ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠪᠠ᠊ ‍ᠶᠢᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯᠤ᠋ ‍ᠯᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ 【 】 ᠱᠠ᠊ ‍ᠭᠠ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠋ ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠰᠣᠷᠬᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠣᠷᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠣ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠰᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡ᠂ ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠣᠣᠯ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠭ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠭᠡ᠊ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦ᠊ ᠴᠢ᠊ ᠷᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠯᠭᠡ 【 】 ᠱᠠ᠊ ‍ᠭᠠ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠋ ᠎ᠠ - 2 - 1. ᠭᠤᠣ᠋ ‍ᠯ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠋ ᠎ᠠ᠄ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ᠪᠠᠯ ᠬ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ ᠲ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ᠢ ᠤ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠤ᠊ ᠶ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠵᠡ᠊ ‍ᠮ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠋ ᠴ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠬᠤᠯ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ᠢ ᠦ᠊ ‍ᠨᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠮᠡ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠡᠯ᠊ ᠭᠡ᠂ ᠦᠨ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠴ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ᠪᠣᠷ᠊ ᠢ ᠬᠢ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ᠤᠨ ᠠ᠊ ᠷᠭ᠌ ᠎ᠠ ᠵ᠊ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠ᠊ ‍ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ 2. ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠋᠊ ᠴᠢ᠊ ᠷᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠡᠯ᠊ ᠭᠡ᠄ ᠬ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ‍ᠠᠯᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ ᠵ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠲ᠊ ‍ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ᠬᠢ ᠣ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ᠭᠬᠢ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠣᠷᠣ᠋ ‍ᠭᠴ᠊ ᠢ ᠵ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠣ᠊ ‍ᠶᠢ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠭᠠ᠊ ‍ᠵᠣ ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠮ᠊ ᠰᠢ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠋᠂ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠋ ᠳ᠋᠊ ᠤ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠋᠊ ᠴ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠋ ᠮᠡ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠯᠭ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠬᠢᠭ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠣᠯ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠶᠠ᠊ ‍ᠨᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪ᠊ ‍ᠣᠯ᠊ ᠪ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠣᠷᠠ᠊ ‍ᠡᠭᠭᠤᠢ ᠪ᠊ ‍ᠣᠰᠣ ᠣ᠊ ‍ᠷ ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠡᠮ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ᠭᠡ ᠣ᠊ ‍ᠶᠢᠯ᠊ ‍ᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪ᠊ ‍ᠣᠶᠣ ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠮ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ᠵᠭ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠋ ᠳᠤ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠋ᠴᠢ᠊ ‍ᠷ ᠵᠦ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠢ᠊ ‍ᠭᠠᠨ᠋ ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠲᠠ᠊ ᠪ᠊ ‍ᠣ᠋᠂ ᠵ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠣ᠊ ᠷᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ ᠵ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠡ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ᠢ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠣ᠊ ᠷᠪ᠊ ‍ᠣᠯᠵ᠊ ᠢ 【 】 ᠱᠠ᠊ ‍ᠭᠠ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠋ ᠎ᠠ 1. ᠰᠣᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠂ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠣᠷᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠶᠣ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠣᠮᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ᠃ 2. ᠡᠯᠭᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ᠂ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ᠃ 3. ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠺᠣᠣᠷᠰᠸᠧᠷ᠂ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠯᠳᠡ᠂ ᠹᠢᠯᠢᠮ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠵ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠵ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠭᠠᠨ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠣ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠᠬᠤ ᠶ᠊ ‍ᠠᠪᠤ ᠴ᠊ ‍ᠠ 【 】 ᠶᠡ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ‍ᠨ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ᠢ ᠱ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ᠳ᠋ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯᠭ᠌ ᠎ᠠ 1. ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ︽ᠰᠣᠷᠣᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠵᠢᠯᠣᠭᠤᠳᠣᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠰᠣᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠰᠣᠷᠪᠣᠯᠵᠢ᠂ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠰᠢᠵᠢᠮ᠂ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ︾ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ︽ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ︾ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠰᠣᠷᠣᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠦᠩᠭᠦᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠳᠣᠵᠦ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ᠂ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠦᠪᠡᠭᠴᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠰᠣᠷᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ 2. ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠲᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠣᠷᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠣᠭᠤᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠣᠷᠠᠳᠴᠤ᠂ ᠰᠣᠷᠣᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠣ ᠤᠡᠭᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠳᠣᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠤᠭᠴᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ 3. ᠰᠣᠷᠣᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠰᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠣᠯᠭᠤᠵᠣ᠂ ᠰᠣᠷᠣᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠣᠨ᠂ ᠰᠣᠷᠣᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠣᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠰᠣᠷᠣᠭᠴᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠣᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ 4. ᠰᠣᠷᠣᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠴᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠳᠣᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠶᠣᠨᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠯᠣᠭᠤᠳᠣᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ 5. ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠳᠬᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠤᠤᠯᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠪᠤᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠷᠲᠡᠯᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠨ᠂ ᠰᠣᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠣ᠂ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠭᠤᠭᠴᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠷᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠴᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ 6. ᠰᠣᠷᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯᠣᠭᠤᠳᠣᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠᠳᠬᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠩᠵᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠰᠣᠷᠣᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠰᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠦᠪᠡᠭᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ - 3 - ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠶᠠᠯᠳᠣᠭᠤᠯᠣᠨ᠂ ᠰᠣᠷᠣᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠳᠤᠨ᠂ ᠰᠣᠷᠣᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠭᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠣᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ 7. ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠲᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠴᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ᠂ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠭᠡᠯ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠩᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠣᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ︔ ᠰᠠᠳᠦᠪ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠲᠣᠴᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠰᠣᠷᠣᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠮᠢᠴᠡ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠣᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠰᠣᠷᠣᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠣᠷᠢ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠣᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ 8. ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠰᠣᠷᠣᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠤᠷᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ 【 】 ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ︵ᠨᠢᠭᠡ a᠄ ᠤᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠵ᠊ ᠵᠭᠠ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ‍ᠭᠠ᠊ ‍ᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷ᠊ ‍ᠠᠯ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠄ ⒈ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠊ ᠤ ᠤ᠊ ᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠪ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠋᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠦᠭᠡ᠊ ‍ᠵ᠊ ᠤ ᠬ᠊ ‍ᠠᠷ᠊ ‍ᠠᠯ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠢ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ‍ᠡᠭᠦ ‍ᠯᠬᠦ ᠲ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠰ ᠭ᠊ ᠵᠴᠢᠶ᠋᠊ ‍ᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋᠊ ᠤ ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠯ ᠰ᠊ ᠵᠢᠳ᠊ ᠪ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ᠷᠢᠯ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ᠬᠦ ᠠᠰ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠᠯ ᠵ᠊ ᠵᠠᠨ ᠢᠯ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ‍ᠡᠭᠦ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵ᠊ ᠤ ᠲ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠶ᠊ ‍ᠠᠬᠤ ⒉ ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠠᠨ ᠮ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠᠨ ᠪ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠋᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ‍ᠡ ᠲ᠊ ‍ᠠᠢ ᠤᠷᠢ᠊ ‍ᠳ᠊ ᠴᠢᠯ᠊ ‍ᠠᠨ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ‍ᠤᠯ᠊ ᠴᠠᠬ᠊ ᠤ ᠭ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠶ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠣ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ‍ᠣ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠤᠨ ᠭ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠶ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠯ ᠢ ᠤ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠳ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠨ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠲ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠷ ᠎ᠡ ᠨ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠡᠭᠰ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠯᠵ᠊ ᠤ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ᠬᠢ ᠠᠰ᠊ ‍ᠠᠭᠤ᠋ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠰ᠊ ᠵᠢ᠊ ‍ᠳᠪᠦᠷ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ⑴ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠦ᠊ ᠭᠦ᠋ᠯᠡ᠊ ᠪ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ᠷᠢ ᠵ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠨᠠ᠊ ‍ᠶᠢᠷᠠ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠯᠭ᠌ ᠎ᠠ ᠵ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠤ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ᠬᠢ ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠳ᠊ ‍ᠬ ᠎ᠠ ᠵ᠊ ᠢ ᠡᠵ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠮᠰ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠭᠦ᠋ᠯᠵ᠊ ᠤ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ᠭᠯ᠊ ‍ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵ᠊ ᠤ ᠴᠢ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠯᠤ᠋ ‍ᠨ᠌ ᠎ᠠ᠃ ⑵ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠷᠤᠭ᠊ ᠴᠢ ᠵ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠢᠯᠡ᠊ ᠷᠡ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠦᠯᠤ᠋ ᠭ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠠ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯ ᠢ ᠣ᠊ ‍ᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠲᠠ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠋ ᠎ᠠ ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠯᠭ᠌ ᠎ᠠ ᠲ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ᠢ ᠪᠡ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠤ᠊ ᠶ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯᠳᠣ᠋ ‍ᠭᠣ᠋ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠣ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠰ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠳ᠊ ᠪ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ᠷᠢ᠊ ‍ᠯᠡ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠋ ᠪᠡ᠊ ‍ᠷ ᠪᠡ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠳ᠊ ᠬᠡ᠊ ‍ᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ⒊ ᠤ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠳ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠢ ᠦ᠊ ‍ᠨ᠋᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠵ᠊ ᠤ᠂ ᠬ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠊ ᠤ ⑴ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠦ᠊ ᠭᠦ᠋ᠯᠡ᠊ ᠪ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ᠷᠢ ᠵ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠳ᠊ ‍ᠬ ᠎ᠠ ᠵ᠊ ᠢ ᠶ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ᠷᠢ᠊ ‍ᠯᠴᠠ᠊ ‍ᠵ᠊ ᠤ ᠨ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠶᠢ᠊ ᠷᠠ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠋ ᠎ᠠ ᠵ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠤ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ᠴᠢ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ᠬᠢ ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠳ᠊ ‍ᠬ ᠎ᠠ ᠵ᠊ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤ ᠷᠰ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠣ᠊ ᠷᠣ ‍ᠯ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠵ᠊ ᠤ ᠰ᠊ ᠵᠢ᠊ ‍ᠳ᠊ ᠪ᠊ ‍ᠦᠷᠢ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ⑵ ᠵᠤ ᠬᠢ᠊ ᠶᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠤᠯᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯᠭ᠌ ᠎ᠠ ᠵ᠊ ᠢ ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠳ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠠᠰ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠯᠳᠠ ᠲ᠊ ‍ᠤᠷᠠ᠊ ‍ᠳ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠦᠯᠤ᠋ ‍ᠨ᠌ ᠎ᠡ᠃ ⒋ ᠲᠤ᠋ ‍ᠭᠤ᠋ ‍ᠶᠢ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠩ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠦ᠊ ‍ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠡᠭᠦ ‍ᠯ᠊ ᠭᠡ ᠬᠢᠵ᠊ ᠤ ᠬ᠊ ‍ᠠᠮᠳ᠋᠊ ᠤ ᠳ᠋᠊ ᠤ ᠤ ‍ᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠢ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠰᠦ᠊ ᠪ᠊ ‍ᠡᠭ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠡᠬᠦ - 4 - ⑴ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠦ᠊ ᠭᠦ᠋ᠯᠡ᠊ ᠪ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ᠷᠢ ᠵ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠨᠠ᠊ ‍ᠶᠢᠷᠠ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠯᠭ᠌ ᠎ᠠ ᠵ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠤ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ᠬᠢ ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠳ᠊ ‍ᠬ ᠎ᠠ ᠵ᠊ ᠢ ᠲᠠ᠊ ‍ᠶᠢ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ᠪ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠷᠢ᠊ ‍ᠯᠠ᠊ ‍ᠵᠤ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ᠷᠡ᠊ ᠭᠯᠡᠵ᠊ ᠤ ᠦ᠊ ‍ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ᠭᠦ ‍ᠯ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ⑵ ᠵᠤ ᠬᠢᠶᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠭᠤᠤ᠋ ‍ᠯᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠋ ᠎ᠠ ᠵ᠊ ᠢ ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠳ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠠ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠯᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ ᠵ᠊ ᠢ ᠬᠠ᠊ ᠷᠢ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠵ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠦᠵᠡ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠦᠯ᠊ ᠭᠡ ᠬᠢ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠋ ᠲᠤ᠋ ‍ᠮᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤᠯ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠋ ᠎ᠠ ᠵ᠊ ᠢ ᠪ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠋ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ᠢ ᠴ᠊ ‍ᠤᠭ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ‍ᠠ ᠡᠴ᠊ ‍ᠡ ᠬ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ᠵᠶ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠨ᠊ ᠭᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤᠶᠢ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠤᠭ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠨ᠌ ᠎ᠠ᠃ ⒌ ᠲᠤ᠋ ᠩ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠦ᠋᠊ ᠩᠨᠡ᠊ ‍ᠵ᠊ ᠤ ᠤ᠊ ᠷᠮ᠊ ‍ᠠᠰ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠠᠬ᠊ ᠤ ᠲᠤ᠋ ‍ᠭᠤ᠋ ‍ᠶᠢ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠠᠩ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠦ᠊ ‍ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠡᠭᠦᠯ᠊ ᠭᠡ ᠵ᠊ ᠢ ᠦ᠊ ‍ᠨ᠋᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠵ᠊ ᠤ᠂ ᠦ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠦ᠊ ᠭᠦ᠋ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠡᠪ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ᠷᠢ ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠮᠰ᠊ ᠵᠬᠦ ᠠᠰ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯ ᠢ ᠶ᠊ ‍ᠡᠷ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ‍ᠡᠭ᠊ ᠬᠡ᠊ ‍ᠶᠢᠯ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠰ᠊ ᠵᠢᠳ᠊ ᠪᠦ᠋ᠷ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠵ᠊ ᠤ᠂ ᠭ᠊ ᠵᠴᠢᠶ᠋᠊ ‍ᠡᠯ ᠵᠶ᠊ ‍ᠠᠨ ᠶ᠊ ‍ᠡᠷᠦᠩ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠡᠶᠢ᠊ ‍ᠯᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠦ᠋᠊ ᠩ᠊ ‍ᠨ᠋᠊ ‍ᠡᠭᠡ᠊ ᠤᠨ ᠲ᠊ ‍ᠠᠷ᠊ ‍ᠠᠭ᠋ ᠎ᠠ ᠭ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠶ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ‍ᠬᠤ ᠠᠭ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳ᠋᠊ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠪᠢ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ︵ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ a᠄ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠵ᠊ ᠵᠭᠠ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ‍ᠭᠠ᠊ ‍ᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷ᠊ ‍ᠠᠯ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠄ 1. ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠷᠬ᠊ ᠤ ᠤ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠢ ᠪ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠋᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠡᠵ᠊ ᠤ᠂ ᠠ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠠᠭ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠᠯ ᠵ᠊ ᠵᠡᠨ ᠢᠯ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ‍ᠡᠬᠦ ‍ᠯ᠊ ᠬᠦ ᠨ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠷ ᠭ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠶ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠯ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠵ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠋ ᠎ᠠ ᠵ᠊ ᠢ ᠲ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ᠪ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠪ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠳ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠵ᠊ ᠤ᠂ ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠯ ᠠ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯ ᠵ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠰ᠊ ᠵᠢ᠊ ‍ᠳᠪ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠡᠬᠦ ᠲ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠊ ‍ᠠᠢ ᠲᠦ᠊ ᠭᠦ ‍ᠮᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠠ᠊ ‍ᠶᠢ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠠᠯ᠊ ᠳ᠋ᠠ ᠬᠢ᠊ ‍ᠨ᠎ᠡ ︵ᠰ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠨ᠌ ᠎ᠡ ᠬ᠊ ‍ᠠᠭᠤ᠋ ᠴ᠊ ᠵᠨ ᠬ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠶ᠊ ‍ᠠᠷ ᠭ᠊ ᠵᠴᠢᠶ᠋᠊ ‍ᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠭᠠᠭ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠨ᠎ᠠ︶᠃ 2. ᠡᠵ᠊ ‍ᠠᠨ ᠮ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠪ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠋ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠦᠴ᠊ ‍ᠡ ᠲ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ᠢ ᠤᠷ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠳ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ᠵᠯ᠊ ‍ᠠᠨ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠤᠷ᠊ ‍ᠤᠯ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ‍ᠠᠬ᠊ ᠤ ⑴ ᠠᠭ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵ᠊ ᠢ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠠᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠵ᠊ ᠤ ᠬᠤ ᠷᠢᠶ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠡᠭᠭᠤ᠋ ‍ᠶᠢ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠠᠬ᠊ ᠤ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠡᠳᠭᠢᠭ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ᠢ ᠵ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠭᠦ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ‍ᠮᠵ᠊ ᠢ ᠵ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠭ ᠵ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠷᠤ ‍ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ⑵ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠬᠢᠶᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡ᠊ ᠷᠡ᠊ ᠭᠯ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠤ᠊ ᠷᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯᠢ᠊ ‍ᠭ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠠ᠊ ᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵ᠊ ᠢ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ 3. ᠤ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ᠵᠳ᠊ ᠴᠢᠯ᠊ ‍ᠠᠨ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠭᠰ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠢ ᠦ᠊ ‍ᠨ᠋᠊ ‍ᠡᠯ᠊ ‍ᠠᠵ᠊ ᠤ᠂ ᠬ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠷᠰ᠊ ᠵᠨ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ‍ᠠᠬᠤ ⑴ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠶ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠋ ᠎ᠠ ᠵ᠊ ᠢ ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠮ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠋ ᠳ᠋᠊ ᠤ ᠲ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠊ ᠤ ᠪ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ᠢ ᠵ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠲ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠋᠊ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ᠪ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠠ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ ᠵ᠊ ᠢ ᠬᠠ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠨ᠌ ᠎ᠠ᠃ ⑵ ᠠᠭ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵ᠊ ᠢ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠠᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠵ᠊ ᠤ ᠬᠤ ᠷᠢᠶ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠡᠭᠭᠤ᠋ ‍ᠶᠢ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠠᠬ᠊ ᠤ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠡᠳᠭᠢᠭ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ᠢ ᠵ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠋᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ‍ᠮᠵ᠊ ᠢ ᠵ᠊ ᠵᠷᠤ᠋ ‍ᠭ ᠪᠡ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠲᠤ᠋ ‍ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠶᠢᠯ᠊ ‍ᠠᠨ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠌ ᠲ᠊ ‍ᠤᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤᠷ ᠎ᠠ ᠤ ‍ᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠷ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ‍ᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ⑶ ᠵᠤ ᠬᠢ᠊ ᠶ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡ᠊ ᠷᠡ᠊ ᠭᠯ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠤ᠊ ᠷᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯᠢ᠊ ‍ᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠋ ᠎ᠠ ᠵ᠊ ᠢ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯᠤᠭ᠊ ᠰᠠ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠵ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠲᠤᠭ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠶᠢ᠊ ‍ᠯᠠ᠊ ‍ᠨ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠌ ᠲ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶ᠊ ‍ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ 4. ᠲᠤ᠋ ‍ᠭᠤ᠋ ‍ᠶᠢ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠦ᠊ ‍ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠡᠭᠦᠯ᠊ ᠭᠡ ᠭ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠵ᠊ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠳ᠋᠊ ᠤ ᠳ᠋᠊ ᠤ ᠪᠠ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠢ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠋᠊ ᠪ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ᠭᠴᠢᠯ᠊ ‍ᠡᠬᠦ ⑴ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠭᠢᠶ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠᠯ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠠᠭ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵ᠊ ᠢ ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠵᠡ᠊ ‍ᠮᠰ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠋ ᠳ᠋᠊ ᠤ ᠲ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠠᠯ᠊ ‍ᠠᠬᠤ ᠤ ‍ᠠᠭ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ᠪ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠡᠭ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠠᠰ᠊ ‍ᠠᠭᠤ᠋ ‍ᠯᠳᠠ ᠵ᠊ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠭᠤ᠋ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠭᠰ᠊ ‍ᠠᠨ ᠵ᠊ ᠵᠠᠨ ᠲ᠊ ‍ᠡᠯ᠊ ᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ᠊ ‍ᠵᠡ᠊ ᠭᠦ᠋ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ‍ᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ⑵ ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠋ ᠎ᠠ ᠵ᠊ ᠢ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠵ᠊ ᠤ ᠬ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠶ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠨ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠶᠢ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠳ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ᠢ ᠵ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠋᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ‍ᠮ᠊ ‍ᠵ᠊ ᠢ ᠵ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠭ ᠵ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠲᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ᠊ ‍ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠦᠯᠤ᠋ ‍ᠨ᠌ ᠎ᠠ᠃ ⑶ ᠬᠠ᠊ ‍ᠮᠳᠤ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠤᠷᠤ᠋ ‍ᠭ᠊ ᠴᠢ᠂ ᠪᠠ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ᠢ ᠡ᠊ ᠴᠠ ᠲ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠋᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠦᠮ ᠨᠦ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ᠪ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ᠷᠢ᠊ ‍ᠯᠡ᠊ ‍ᠯ ᠭ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠨ᠌ ᠎ᠠ᠃ 5. ᠲᠤ᠋ ᠩ᠊ ‍ᠭᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠦ᠋᠊ ᠩ᠊ ‍ᠨ᠋᠊ ‍ᠡᠵᠤ ᠤ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ‍ᠮ᠊ ‍ᠠᠰ᠊ ᠵᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤᠯ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠲ᠊ ‍ᠠᠶᠢ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ᠵᠯᠠᠬ᠊ ᠤ ⑴ ᠬᠠᠷ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ ᠳ᠋᠊ ᠤ ᠤ ‍ᠡᠨ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠋᠊ ᠷ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ᠊ ‍ᠡᠬᠦ ᠵ᠊ ᠢ ᠪ᠊ ‍ᠤᠯ᠊ ᠪ᠊ ‍ᠠᠰ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠷᠠᠯ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠡᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ‍ᠪ ᠵᠶ᠊ ‍ᠠᠷ ᠤ ‍ᠠᠶᠢ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ‍ᠠᠭ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠᠵ᠊ ᠤ ᠦ᠊ ‍ᠨ᠋᠊ ‍ᠡᠯ᠊ ‍ᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ - 5 - ⑵ ᠪᠠ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ᠢ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠊ ᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠋᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠦᠯᠢ ᠭ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠴᠢ᠊ ᠶ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠯ ᠳ᠋᠊ ᠤ ᠪᠡ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠡ᠊ ᠷᠭᠢ᠊ ᠴᠡ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ‍ᠯᠦᠯ ᠲ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠩ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ ᠭ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠵ᠊ ᠤ᠂ ᠲᠦᠭ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ‍ᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ᠊ ‍ᠨ᠋᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠯᠳᠠ ᠭ᠊ ᠵᠵ᠊ ᠤ᠂ ᠲᠠ᠊ ᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠤᠷᠬ᠊ ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤ᠋ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳ᠋᠊ ᠤ ᠤ ‍ᠡᠨ ᠲ᠊ ‍ᠡᠪᠢ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠯ᠊ ᠪ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ︵ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ a᠄ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠵ᠊ ᠵᠭᠠ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ‍ᠭᠠ᠊ ‍ᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷ᠊ ‍ᠠᠯ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠄ ⒈ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠊ ᠤ ᠤ᠊ ᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠪ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠋᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠦᠬᠡ᠊ ‍ᠵ᠊ ᠤ᠂ ᠠᠰ᠊ ‍ᠠᠭᠤ᠋ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋᠊ ᠤ ᠤ ‍ᠡᠨ ᠪ᠊ ‍ᠤᠴᠠᠬ᠊ ᠤ ᠲ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠋᠊ ᠷ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ᠭᠦ ᠤ ᠭ᠊ ᠵᠴ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠶ᠊ ‍ᠡᠯ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠭᠤ᠋ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠋ ᠎ᠠ ᠤ ‍ᠡᠨ ᠲ᠊ ‍ᠠᠪᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠᠵ᠊ ᠤ᠂ ᠲ᠊ ‍ᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠭ᠊ ᠵᠴᠢ᠊ ᠶ᠊ ‍ᠡᠯ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠢ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠡᠷ᠊ ‍ᠡᠭᠦ ‍ᠯᠤ᠋ ᠭᠰ᠊ ‍ᠡᠨ ᠠ᠊ ᠰᠠ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠪᠤ ᠴ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠨ᠌ ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠠᠰ᠊ ‍ᠠᠭᠤ᠋ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯ ᠳ᠋᠊ ᠤ ᠤ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠪ᠊ ‍ᠤᠴᠠᠬ᠊ ᠤ — ᠡ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠤ ᠭ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠶ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠯ ᠳ᠋᠊ ᠤ ᠲᠤ᠋ ᠷ᠊ ‍ᠠᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠠᠰ᠊ ‍ᠠᠭᠤ᠋ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠᠯ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ᠭᠦ ‍ᠨ ᠠ᠊ ᠪ᠊ ᠴᠤ᠂ ᠡ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠲ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ᠢ ᠬᠤ ‍ᠯ᠊ ᠪ᠊ ‍ᠤᠭᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠᠬᠤ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠋᠊ ᠵᠯ ᠶ᠊ ‍ᠠᠷ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠊ ᠤ ᠵ᠊ ᠢ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠡᠯ᠊ ‍ᠡᠵ᠊ ᠤ ᠪ᠊ ‍ᠤᠢ᠃ ⒉ ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠡᠨ ᠮ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠡᠨ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠣ᠊ ᠷᠣᠯ᠊ ᠴᠠᠵ᠊ ᠤ ᠠᠰ᠊ ‍ᠠᠭᠤ᠋ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠᠯ ᠢᠯ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ‍ᠡᠭᠦᠯ᠊ ᠬᠦ ⑴ ᠭ᠊ ᠵᠴ᠊ ᠵᠶ᠋᠊ ‍ᠡᠯ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠠᠭᠤ᠋ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠤ ᠵᠴ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠵᠢ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠠᠷ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠤ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠡᠷᠭ᠊ ᠵᠴ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ᠭᠦ᠋ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠲ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠩ᠊ ‍ᠭᠠᠵ᠊ ᠤ᠂ ᠭ᠊ ᠵᠴ᠊ ᠵᠶ᠋᠊ ‍ᠡᠯ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠤᠯ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠋ ᠎ᠠ ᠲ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ᠢ ᠬᠤ ‍ᠯ᠊ ᠪ᠊ ‍ᠤᠭᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠᠭᠰ᠊ ‍ᠠᠨ ᠠ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠠᠭ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠᠯ ᠪ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠶᠤ᠋ ᠡᠭᠡ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠡᠷ᠊ ‍ᠡᠭᠡ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠮ᠊ ‍ᠠᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠᠭ ᠲ᠊ ‍ᠠᠢ ᠠᠰ᠊ ‍ᠠᠭᠤ᠋ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯ ᠤ ‍ᠠᠶᠢ᠊ ‍ᠬᠤ ᠡ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠡᠬᠦ ᠤ ‍ᠡᠨ ᠡᠷ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠵᠤ ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠨ᠌ ᠎ᠠ᠃ ⑵ ᠠᠭ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠ᠊ ᠢ ᠬ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ᠪ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠭᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠᠯ ᠪ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠋᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ᠢ ᠲ᠊ ‍ᠠᠭ᠋᠊ ᠤᠤ ᠰ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠌᠂ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠭᠢᠶ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠᠯ ᠪ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠋᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠂ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠡᠯ᠊ ‍ᠡᠴᠡ ᠵ᠊ ᠢ ᠡ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠨ᠋᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠊ ᠤ ᠤ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠷ ᠪᠡ᠊ ‍ᠯᠡ᠊ ‍ᠳ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠨ᠌ ᠎ᠡ᠃ ⒊ ᠲ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠶᠢ᠊ ‍ᠯᠠ᠊ ‍ᠩ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠦᠵᠡ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠭ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠵᠤ ᠬᠠ᠊ ‍ᠮᠳᠤ ᠤ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠷ ᠲᠡ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠵᠦ ᠦᠷᠭᠡ᠊ ‍ᠳ᠊ ᠬᠡ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠋ ⑴ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠣ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ‍ᠣ᠊ ‍ᠭᠴ᠊ ᠢ ᠲ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠰ ᠭ᠊ ᠵᠴ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠶᠡᠯ ᠲ᠊ ‍ᠡᠢ ᠬ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ᠪ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠊ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠭ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠤ᠋ ᠤ ᠰ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠦᠭ᠂ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ᠵᠶ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠᠯ ᠪᠦ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠡᠯ᠂ ᠬᠡᠯ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ‍ᠡ ᠤ ‍ᠡᠨ ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋᠊ ᠤ ᠲ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠨᠢᠯ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤᠯ᠊ ‍ᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ⑵ ᠤ ‍ᠠᠭ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ᠢ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠭᠴᠢ ᠵ᠊ ᠵᠨ ᠲᠠᠨ᠋᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ‍ᠠᠭᠤ᠋ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠤᠭ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠠᠨ ᠰ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠦᠭ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠬᠢᠶᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯ ᠤ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠡᠯ᠊ ‍ᠡᠴᠡ ᠨ᠊ ‍ᠡᠮᠡᠵ᠊ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠨ᠋᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ᠴᠠᠭ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠊ ᠤ ᠪ᠊ ‍ᠤᠶ᠋᠊ ᠤ ᠰ᠊ ᠵᠨ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠡᠭᠡᠯ᠊ ᠳ᠋ᠡ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠣ᠊ ‍ᠨ᠋᠊ ‍ᠣ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠊ ‍ᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠹᠢᠯ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠮ ᠦ᠊ ‍ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠡᠭ᠊ ‍ᠦᠯ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠋ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ᠷᠭᠡ ᠲ᠊ ‍ᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠤ ‍ᠡᠷ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶ᠋᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵ᠊ ᠢ ᠦ᠊ ᠷᠭᠡᠳ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠵ᠊ ᠤ ᠶ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ᠷᠢᠵ᠊ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠤᠩ᠊ ᠰᠢ᠊ ‍ᠵᠤ ᠪᠢ᠊ ᠴᠢ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠋ ᠬᠤᠷᠠ᠊ ‍ᠮᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠢ᠊ ‍ᠯᠭᠡ᠊ ‍ᠨ᠌ ᠎ᠡ᠃ ⑶ ᠤ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠭᠰ᠊ ᠢ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠤᠷ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠭᠴ᠊ ᠢ ᠤᠷ ᠎ᠡ ᠠ᠊ ᠪ᠊ ᠵᠶ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠰ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠦ᠊ ‍ᠵᠡ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠭᠢ᠊ ‍ᠵᠤ ᠨ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠋ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠦᠭ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠵᠤ ᠴ᠊ ᠤ ᠪᠤ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠨ᠌ ᠎ᠠ᠃ ⒋ ᠨ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠶᠢ᠊ ᠳ᠋ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠌ ᠠᠰ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠋ᠷ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠮ᠊ ‍ᠵᠢ᠊ ᠭᠦ ‍ᠨ ᠵ᠊ ᠵᠯ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠭᠤ᠋ ‍ᠳ᠊ ‍ᠬᠤ ⑴ ᠤ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ᠢ ᠡ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ‍ᠠ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ᠢ ᠵ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠲ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠮ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ ᠤ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠵ᠊ ᠤ᠂ ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠯ ᠠ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯ ᠵ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠰ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠳ᠊ ᠪ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠋ ᠲ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ᠢ ᠪ᠊ ‍ᠤᠶ᠋᠊ ᠤ ᠡ᠊ ᠭᠡᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ᠷᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠮ᠊ ‍ᠠᠳᠠ᠊ ‍ᠭ ᠢ ᠰ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠳᠪ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ᠵᠯ᠊ ‍ᠡᠬᠦ ᠲ᠊ ‍ᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠤ ‍ᠡᠷ ᠨ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠᠨ ᠵ᠊ ᠵᠯᠤ᠋ ‍ᠭᠤ᠋ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ⑵ ᠰᠤ ᠷ᠊ ‍ᠤᠭ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ᠢ ᠵ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠴ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠭᠯ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠯ ᠲ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠦᠯ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ᠰᠡ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠵᠦ᠊ ᠵᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦ᠊ ‍ᠨ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠦᠰ᠊ ‍ᠦᠯᠡ᠊ ‍ᠵ᠊ ᠤ ᠵᠤᠭᠢ᠊ ᠶ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠭᠡ᠊ ᠰᠡ᠊ ᠭᠯ᠊ ‍ᠡᠯ ᠪ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠶ᠊ ᠤ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠶ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯ ᠪᠢ᠊ ᠴᠢ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ‍ᠨ᠎ᠠ ⒌ ᠠᠭ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵ᠊ ᠢ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠋᠊ ‍ᠨᠵ᠊ ‍ᠡᠭᠡ᠊ ‍ᠶᠢ᠊ ᠷᠡ᠊ ᠭᠦ᠋ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠵ᠊ ᠤ ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠮᠵ᠊ ᠵᠯ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠮ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ᠷᠡ᠊ ᠭᠦ᠋ᠯ᠊ ᠬᠦ ᠰᠤ ᠷ᠊ ‍ᠤᠭ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ᠢ ᠵ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠤᠭ᠍᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠶᠠ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠪ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠋ᠳᠤ᠋ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ᠭᠰ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠤᠶᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠶ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠭᠤ᠋ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠮ᠊ ‍ᠵ᠊ ᠵᠯᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ ᠵ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠤ ‍ᠠ᠊ ᠶᠠ᠊ ᠰᠤ ‍ᠯ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠋ᠷ᠊ ᠳ᠋ᠡ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠡᠨ᠋ ᠎ᠡ᠃ - 6 - ᠨ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠭ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠶ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠯ ᠲ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠷ ᠎ᠡ ᠬ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠶ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠷ ᠤ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠋ ᠎ᠠ ᠲ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠦ᠊ ‍ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠭ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠨ᠌ ᠎ᠡ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠦ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ᠢ᠂ ᠬ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠷᠤᠭᠴ᠊ ᠢ ᠵ᠊ ᠵᠨ ᠪᠢ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠭᠰᠡ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠋᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠯ ︵ᠨ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠶ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ᠤᠨ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠶᠢ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠪ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠭ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠨ︶ ᠨ᠊ ᠢ ᠤ᠊ ᠩ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠋᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠬ᠊ ᠤ ᠪ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠶ᠊ ᠤ ᠤ᠊ ᠩ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠵ᠊ ᠤ᠂ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ᠢ ᠳ᠋᠊ ᠤ ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠮ᠊ ‍ᠵ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠠᠨ ᠤ ‍ᠠ᠊ ᠶᠠᠷ ᠤ ‍ᠠᠶᠠ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠯ ᠭ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠋᠊ ᠷ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠡᠭᠡ᠊ ‍ᠨ᠌ ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠳᠣᠯᠣ᠋ ‍ᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠰ᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠮᠪᠠ᠊ ᠷᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯ 【 】 ᠱᠠ᠊ ‍ᠭᠠ᠊ ᠷᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠎ᠠ 1. ᠰᠠᠮᠪᠠᠷᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠺᠤᠤᠷᠰᠸᠶᠢᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠠᠠᠲᠠ ᠣᠶᠠᠯᠳᠣᠵᠣ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ 2. ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠢᠭ᠂ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢ ᠠᠪᠰᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ᠂ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠷᠬᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠡᠳ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠪ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠩᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠲᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ 3. ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠣᠪᠣᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠣᠬᠢ ᠲᠤᠳᠣᠭᠠᠳᠣ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠣ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ︽ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠲᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠳᠣᠯᠭᠠᠲᠦ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ 问题 引领 体 验 式 教学 法 ︵a︾ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠰᠤ ︽︾ - ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠳᠣᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠰᠣᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ᠄ 【 】 ᠱᠠ᠊ ‍ᠭᠠ᠊ ᠷᠳᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠭ᠋ ᠎ᠠ 1. ︽ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ︾ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠂ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ︵ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ a ᠪᠠ ᠰᠣᠷᠣᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠲᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ 2. ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠣᠷᠣᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠴᠦ᠂ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠰᠢᠯ᠂ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠴᠠ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠣᠪᠣᠷ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠬᠢᠬᠡᠳ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ︽ᠭᠤᠷᠮᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ︾ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯᠳᠦᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠰᠣᠷᠣᠬᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠯᠠᠬᠴᠢ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠣᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠪᠤᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ 3. ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤᠨ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠢᠷᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠲᠠᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵ᠊ ᠤ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠮ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠴᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠷᠢᠳᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ⒈ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠰᠦ - 7 - ● ᠮᠢᠨᠦ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠮᠳᠣᠭᠤᠯᠣᠯ᠄ ⒉ ᠲᠥᠰᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ︵ᠭᠤᠤᠯᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠳᠬᠤᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠷᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ a᠄ ⑴ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠦ ‍ᠯ᠊ ‍ᠡᠪ᠊ ‍ᠦ᠊ ᠷ᠊ ᠢ ᠵᠢ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠤᠳ᠊ ‍ᠬ ᠎ᠠ ⑵ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠯ ‍ᠤ᠊ ‍ᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ⑶ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠠ᠊ ‍ᠬᠤ ᠮᠡᠳ᠋᠊ ‍ᠡ᠊ ‍ᠯᠭᠡ ● ᠮᠢᠨᠦ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ︵ᠲᠤᠰ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠣᠷᠣᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ a᠄ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠰᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠥᠰᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ● ᠮᠢᠨᠦ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ᠄ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠪᠡᠭᠴᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠥᠰᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ