ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠬᠦ 4000 ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠦᠭᠡ （1） 4000_essential_english_words_1.pdf

Paul Nation книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary 4000 Essential English Words 1 Paul Nation © 2009 Compass Publishing All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Acquisitions Editor: Fidel Cruz Project Coordinator: Annie Cho Design: Design Plus email: info@compasspub.com http://www.compasspub.com ISBN: 978-1-59966-402-6 10 12 Photo Credits All images © Shutterstock, Inc. книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary m m Target Words Page| 1 afraid, agree, angry, arrive, attack, bottom, clever, cruel, finally, hide, hunt, lot, middle, moment, pleased, promise, reply, safe, trick, well 8 2 adventure, approach, carefully, chemical, create, evil, experiment, kill, laboratory, laugh, loud, nervous, noise, project, scare, secret, shout, smell, terrible, worse 14 3 alien, among, chart, cloud, comprehend, describe, ever, fail, friendly, grade, instead, library, planet, report, several, solve, suddenly, suppose, universe, view 20 4 appropriate, avoid, behave, calm, concern, content, expect, frequently, habit, instruct, issue, none, patient, positive, punish, represent, shake, spread, stroll, village 26 5 aware, badly, belong, continue, error, experience, field, hurt, judgment, likely, normal, rare, relax, request, reside, result, roll, since, visible, wild 32 6 advantage, cause, choice, community, dead, distance, escape, face, follow, fright, ghost, individual, pet, reach, return, survive, upset, voice, weather, wise 38 7 allow, announce, beside, challenge, claim, condition, contribute, difference, divide, expert, famous, force, harm, lay, peace, prince, protect, sense, sudden, therefore 44 8 accept, arrange, attend, balance, contrast, encourage, familiar, grab, hang, huge, necessary, pattern, propose, purpose, release, require, single, success, tear, theory 50 9 against, beach, damage, discover, emotion, fix, frank, identify, island, ocean, perhaps, pleasant, prevent, rock, save, step, still, taste, throw, wave 56 10 benefit, certain, chance, effect, essential, far, focus, function, grass, guard, image, immediate, primary, proud, remain, rest, separate, site, tail, trouble 62 11 anymore, asleep, berry, collect, compete, conversation, creature, decision, either, forest, ground, introduce, marry, prepare, sail, serious, spend, strange, truth, wake 68 12 alone, apartment, article, artist, attitude, compare, judge, magazine, material, meal, method, neighbor, professional, profit, quality, shape, space, stair, symbol, thin 74 13 blood, burn, cell, contain, correct, crop, demand, equal, feed, hole, increase, lord, owe, position, raise, responsible, sight, spot, structure, whole 80 14 coach, control, description, direct, exam, example, limit, local, magical, mail, novel, outline, poet, print, scene, sheet, silly, store, suffer, technology 86 15 across, breathe, characteristic, consume, excite, extreme, fear, fortunate, happen, length, mistake, observe, opportunity, prize, race, realize, respond, risk, wonder, yet 92 книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary Unit Target Words Page 16 academy, ancient, board, century, clue, concert, county, dictionary, exist, flat, gentleman, hidden, maybe, officer, original, pound, process, publish, theater, wealth 98 17 appreciate, available, beat, bright, celebrate, determine, disappear, else, fair, flow, forward, hill, level, lone, puddle, response, season, solution, waste, whether 104 18 argue, communicate, crowd, depend, dish, empty, exact, fresh, gather, indicate, item, offer, price, product, property, purchase, recommend, select, tool, treat 110 19 alive, bone, bother, captain, conclusion, doubt, explore, foreign, glad, however, injustice, international, lawyer, mention, policy, social, speech, staff, toward, wood 116 20 achieve, advise, already, basic, bit, consider, destroy, entertain, extra, goal, lie, meat, opinion, real, reflect, regard, serve, vegetable, war, worth 122 21 appear, base, brain, career, clerk, effort, enter, excellent, hero, hurry, inform, later, leave, locate, nurse, operation, pain, refuse, though, various 128 22 actual, amaze, charge, comfort, contact, customer, deliver, earn, gate, include, manage, mystery, occur, opposite, plate, receive, reward, set, steal, thief 134 23 advance, athlete, average, behavior, behind, course, lower, match, member, mental, passenger, personality, poem, pole, remove, safety, shoot, sound, swim, web 140 24 block, cheer, complex, critic, event, exercise, fit, friendship, guide, lack, passage, perform, pressure, probable, public, strike, support, task, term, unite 146 25 associate, environment, factory, feature, instance, involve, medicine, mix, organize, period, populate, produce, range, recognize, regular, sign, tip, tradition, trash, wide 152 26 advice, along, attention, attract, climb, drop, final, further, imply, maintain, neither, otherwise, physical, prove, react, ride, situated, society, standard, suggest 158 27 actually, bite, coast, deal, desert, earthquake, effective, examine, false, gift, hunger, imagine, journey, puzzle, quite, rather, specific, tour, trip, value 164 28 band, barely, boring, cancel, driveway, garbage, instrument, list, magic, message, notice, own, predict, professor, rush, schedule, share, stage, storm, within 170 29 advertise, assign, audience, breakfast, competition, cool, gain, importance, knowledge, major, mean, prefer, president, progress, respect, rich, skill, somehow, strength, vote 176 30 above, ahead, amount, belief, center, common, cost, demonstrate, different, evidence, honesty, idiom, independent, inside, master, memory, proper, scan, section, surface 182 IF v ^ jB книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary About the Vocabulary The 600 words in each book of this series along with the additional target words presented in the appendices included in the first three books of the series are the most useful words in English. They were found by analysis of a collection of English course books from various levels in the primary, secondary and tertiary school systems. The words included in this series were chosen because they occurred many times in different levels of these materials. Because of the way that they were chosen, these words have the following characteristics: 1 They are useful in both spoken and written English. No matter what English course you are studying, the words in these books will be of value to you. 2 Each word in these books is a high-frequency word. This means that the effort in learning the words is well repaid by the number of times learners have a chance to encounter or use them. 3 These books as a whole cover a large proportion of the words in any spoken or written text. They cover at least 80% of the words in newspapers and academic texts, and at least 90% of the words in novels. They also cover at least 90% of the words in conversation. About the Books The activities in these books are specially designed to make use of important learning conditions. Firstly, the words are introduced using sentence definitions and an example sentence. The activities that follow in the units encourage learners to recall the meanings and forms of the words. Some activities also make the learners think about the meaning of the words in the context of a sentence—a sentence different from the sentences that occurred in the introduction of the words. Moreover, each unit ends with a story containing the target words. While reading the story, the learners have to recall the meanings of the words and suit them to the context of the story. Such activities help learners develop a better understanding of a common meaning for a given word which fits the different uses. Illustrations for each target word are provided to help learners visualize the word as it is being used in the example sentence. These word/image associations aim to help students grasp the meaning of the word as well as recall the word later. книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary It should be noted that words have more than one grammatical category. However, this series focuses on the word’s most common form. This is mentioned to remind learners that just because a word is labeled and utilized as a noun in this series does not mean that it can never be used in another form such as an adjective. This series has simply focused on the word in the form that it is most likely to be expressed. Supporting Learning with Outside Activities A well-balanced language course provides four major opportunities for learning: learning through input, learning through output, deliberate learning, and fluency development. The highly structured activities in these books support all four types of learning opportunities. In addition, learning can further be supported through the following activities: 1 Have students create vocabulary cards with one word from the unit on one side of the card and the translation of the word in the student’s first language on the other side. Students should use the cards for study in free moments during the day. Over several weeks, students will find that quick repeated studying for brief periods of time is more effective than studying for hours at one sitting. 2 Assign graded readers at students’ appropriate levels. Reading such books provides both enjoyment as well as meaning-focused input which will help the words stick in students’ memory. 3 Practice reading fluency to promote faster recall of word meaning for both sight recognition and usage. Compass Publishing’s Reading for Speed and Fluency is a good resource for reading fluency material. 4 Include listening, speaking, and writing activities in classes. Reinforcement of the high-frequency vocabulary presented in this series is important across all the four language skills. Author Paul Nation Paul Nation is professor of Applied Linguistics in the School of Linguistics and Applied Language Studies at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. He has taught in Indonesia, Thailand, the United States, Finland, and Japan. His specialist interests are language teaching methodology and vocabulary learning. книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary r afraid [afreid] adj. When someone is afraid, they feel fear. -» The woman was afraid of what she saw. r agree fegn:i v. To agree is to say “yes” or to think the same way. -* A: The food is very good in that restaurant. B: I agree with you. c angry [sengro adj. When someone is angry, they may want to speak loudly or fight. - She didn’t do her homework, so her father is angry. I r arrive feraiv] v. I iffm I’m feeling discomfort in my body. h______ 4. He’s going to rest instead of going to the movie. r________ 5. The man walked through a large area of land, f книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary The Jackal and the Sun Child A jackal is a wild dog with a big black back. It resides in the desert. But how did the jackal get his black back? This was how it happened. One day, the jackal saw a girl. She was sitting upon a rock. She was not a normal child. She was a rare and beautiful sun child. She was bright and warm like the sun. The child saw the jackal and smiled. She said, “Jackal, I have been relaxing on this rock for too long. I must get home soon. But, I am slow and you are fast. You will likely get me home more quickly.” Then she requested, “Will you carry me home? If you do, I’ll give you a gift. This necklace belongs to me, but I will give it to you.” The wild jackal agreed. So the sun child sat on the dog’s back. They started to walk. But soon, the jackal felt ill. The sun child was very hot on his back. The heat was hurting his back very badly. “I made a terrible error in judgment.” he thought. He shouldn’t have agreed to carry her. So he asked her to get off. But she did not. The jackal’s back continued to get hotter and hotter. He had to get away from the sun child. So he made a plan. First, he ran as fast as he could. He hoped the sun child would fall off. But she did not. So when the sun child was looking at the sky, not aware of the jackal’s next plan, he jumped into a field of flowers. As a result, the child rolled off his back. The jackal ran away. But the sun child left a mark on the jackal’s back, a visible black mark. Ever since his experience with the sun child, the jackal has had a black back. книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary 1. What is this story about? a. Why the sun child has a beautiful smile b. Why a wild dog hurt a sun child c. An error that the sun child once made d. How the jackal got his visible black mark Answer the questions. 2. What kind of girl was the sun child? a. She was rare and beautiful. b. She was likely very shy. c. She was an ill child. d. She was a normal child. 3. Why did the jackal run into the field? a. To continue his journey b. It wanted a new place to reside. c. To take a nap and relax d. To get away from the sun child 4. What happened at the end of the story? a. The sun child forgot the experience. b. The sun child became aware of the jackal’s black back. c. The sun child rolled off the jackal’s back. d. The sun child has stayed upon the jackal’s back since then. 5. What did the sun child request? книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary Word List n.r advantage [advaentid3] An advantage is something that helps you. — Being tall is an advantage to a basketball player. r r r r r r r r cause [ko:z] v. To cause is to make something happen. -*■ The cold weather caused her to get sick. choice [tjois] n. A choice is the act or possibility of picking something. -» I had my choice of five doors to open. community [kamjuinati] n. A community is a group of people who live together. -► The kids from my community usually play together. dead [ded] adj. To be dead is to not be alive. -* A dead person is usually buried in the ground. distance [distans] n. The distance between two things is how far it is between them. -» The distance between the Earth and the Moon is 384,400 kilometers. escape [iskeip] v. To escape is to run away from something bad. — The butterfly could not escape from the cage. face tfeis] v. If you face a problem, you deal with it. -*• My sister and I have to find a better way to face our differences. follow [falou] v. To follow means to go behind someone and go where they go. -♦ The little boy followed his mother home. fright [frait] n. Fright is the feeling of being scared. -»She was filled with fright. книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary r ghost [goust] n. A ghost is the spirit of a dead person. -*• Many people are afraid of ghosts. r individual [indavid3ual] n. An individual is one person. -» Only one individual could win the bicycle race. r pet [pet] n. A pet is an animal that lives with people. — Out of all my pets, the dog is my favorite. r reach Dttj] v. To reach means to arrive at a place. -* I was happy to finally