ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ 2019 .5.25 ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ （ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ） New Scientist.pdf

S e e ta lks p ro g ra m m e a n d b o o k yo u r tic ke ts n o w a t N e w S cie n tis tL ive .co m . O n e -d a y a n d fo u r-d a y p a sse s a va ila b le B rin g in g yo u r fa vo u rite m a g a zin e to life • R e a d y to h a v e y o u r m in d b lo w n b y a w e s o m e s c ie n c e ta lk s? • W a n t to g e t y o u r h a n d s d ir t y ta k in g p a r t in m in d -b o g g lin g a c tiv itie s? • P re p a re d to b e b lo w n a w a y b y c u t tin g -e d g e te c h n o lo g ie s? • F a n c y w a lk in g o n th e m o o n ? J o in u s fo r th o u g h t-p ro vo kin g ta lks , e xp e rie n ce s , d isco ve rie s , w o rks h o p s a n d p e r fo rm a n ce s . T A L K S P R O G R A M M E N O W O N L IN E S P O N S O R S A N D PA R T N E R S E N D O F R O E V W A D E ? N e w la w s th a t th re a te n U S a b o r tio n rig h ts N o 3 2 3 1 U S $ 6 .9 9 C A N $ 7 .9 9 0 72440 30690 5 2 1 S cie n ce a n d te ch n o lo g y n e w s w w w .n e w sc ie n tist .c o m U S jo b s in scie n ce W EEKLY M ay 2 5 – 31, 2 019 T EE N Y T IN Y U N IV E R S E S M in i b ig b a n g s m ig h t b e h a p p e n in g a ll th e tim e R E T U R N T O J U P IT E R M y s te rie s o f th e so la r sy s te m ’s m a je stic g ia n t T H E T R U T H A B O U T L IE D E T E C T O R S T h e y d o n ’t w o rk a n d n e ve r h ave . W h y still u se th e m ? W H Y PA R EN T IN G D O E SN ’T M AT T ER (O r n o t a s m u c h a s yo u th in k) P L U S SE A O T T ER S V G R E AT W H IT E SH A RK S / S C R E A M S C IE N C E / P LU T O ’S O C E A N / C H IM P IN N O VA T O R S / H Y PER SO N IC FLIGH T S ig n u p to d a y a n d yo u ’ll a ls o re c e ive a free c o p y o f N e w S c ie n tis t T h e C o lle c tio n : T h e Q u e s t fo r S p a c e , fe a tu rin g o ve r 10 0 p a g e s o f in - d e p th a rtic le s o n s p a c e e x p lo ra tio n a n d th e w o n d e rs o f th e s o la r sy s te m It w ill ta k e h u m a n s n in e m o n th s to g e t to M a r s T h e b ig g e s t d a n g e r o n th e w a y? B o re d o m B e s t g e t a N e w S c ie n tis t s u b s c r ip tio n Fo r e a sy s ig n - u p , v is it newscientist.com /13440 O r c a ll 1 8 8 8 8 2 2 3 2 4 2 , q u o tin g re fe re n c e 13 4 4 0 A s a N e w S c ie n tist s u b s c r ib e r y o u a ls o b e n e fi t e x c lu s iv e ly fro m - F re e w e e k ly p r in t d e liv e r y to y o u r d o o r - T h e N e w S c ie n tist a p p , g iv in g y o u in s ta n t a c c e s s a n y tim e , a n y w h e re , in c lu d in g - C u rre n t a n d b a c k is s u e s o f N e w S c ie n tist - A ll is s u e s o f N e w S c ie n tist: T h e C o lle c tio n - w o r th $ 9 .9 9 e a c h ! - F u ll a c c e s s to n e w s c ie n tis t.c o m w ith - O v e r 3 0 y e a rs o f a rc h iv e c o n te n t - 10 0 + s c ie n c e ta lk v id e o s - E a rly a c c e s s to m a g a z in e fe a tu re s o n lin e It’s th e p la c e w e c a ll h o m e , b u t th e re is m u ch a b o u t E a r th th a t re m a in s fr u stra tin g ly u n k n o w n . E x p lo re o u r p la n e t’s se ve n b ig g e st m y ste r ie s, h o w c o n tin e n ts fo r m a n d w h y th e w e a th e r ’s g e ttin g w ild . P lu s m u ch m o re T H E E S S E N T IA L G U ID E T O E A R T H O rd e r y o u c o p y to d a y a t QHZ VFLHQWLVWFRP WKHFROOHFWLRQ S E C O N D E D IT IO N O F O U R P L A N E T 2 5 M ay 2 0 19 | N e w S c ie n tis t | 3 T h is w e e k ’s is su e O n th e c o v e r 15 S e a o tte rs v g re a t w h ite s h a rk s 12 S c re a m s c ie n c e 10 P lu to ’s o c e a n 11 C h im p in n o v a to rs 11 +\SHUVRQLF
8 LJKW 8 Te e n y tin y u n iv e rs e s M in i b ig b a n g s m ig h t b e h a p p e n in g a ll th e tim e 3 4 R e tu rn to Ju p ite r M y s te rie s o f th e s o la r sy s te m ’s m a je s tic g ia n t C o m in g n e x t w e e k T h e e a rly b ird W h a t w a s Archaeopteryx re a lly like ? N e w s V ie w s F e a tu r e s 10 A b o rtio n la w s U S le g is la tio n p u ts a b o rtio n rig h ts in je o p a rd y 11 In v e n tiv e c h im p s R e th in k in g th e ro le o f c u ltu re in th e e v o lu tio n o f to o l u s e 12 E a tin g C O 2 C a n w e d iv e rt c a p tu re d c a rb o n in to o u r fo o d c h a in ? 2 3 C o m m e n t P o p u lis t e le c tio n g a in s a re a p ro b le m fo r th e p la n e t 2 4 T h e c o lu m n is t G ra h a m L a w to n o n w h y w e m u s t ta lk a b o u t p o p u la tio n 2 6 L e tte rs T h e o rig in s o f la n g u a g e m a y n o t b e w ith h u n te rs 2 8 A p e rtu re T h e k ilo g ra m is d e a d , m e e t th e n e w k ilo g ra m 3 0 C u ltu re M y ria d w a y s to c e le b ra te th e m o o n in a ll its g lo ry 5 1 M a k e r M a ke y o u r o w n tra ffic lig h t 5 2 P u z z le s C ry p tic c ro s sw o rd , a q u iz a n d a d o o rw a y d ile m m a 5 3 F e e d b a c k L iq u id D e a th a n d c o o k ie lo g ic 5 4 Alm ost th e la s t w o rd E a rth ’s m a g n e tis m a n d c u rre n ts : y o u r q u e rie s a n sw e re d 5 6 M e a n d m y te le s c o p e S o p h ie S c o tt e n jo y s s tu d y in g la u g h te r – a n d th e rm o s ta ts 3 4 R e tu rn to Ju p ite r T h e s o la r sy s te m ’s la rg e s t p la n e t m a y h a v e e n a b le d life o n E a rth 3 9 D o e s p a re n tin g m a tte r? R o b e rt P lo m in s a y s w e h a v e little e ffe c t o n o u r k id s ’ s u c c e s s 4 2 R e c ip e fo r d is a s te r A n tib io tic s p u m p e d in to In d ia n riv e rs p o s e a g lo b a l h e a lth ris k T h e b a c k p a g e s 15 C a n n a b is e v o lv e d o n h ig h P la n t ’s o rig in s tra c e d to T ib e ta n p la te a u Vo l 2 4 2 N o 3 2 3 1 C o v e r im a g e : V a n e s s a B ra n c h i 3 9 W h y p a re n tin g d o e s n ’t m a tte r (O r n o t a s m u c h a s y o u th in k ) 18 T h e tru th a b o u t lie d e te c to rs T h e y d o n ’t w o rk a n d n e v e r h a v e . W h y s till u s e th e m ? B O T T O M : I V A N M I K H A Y L O V / A L A M Y ; T O P : B R I D G E M A N I M A G E S N e w s 10 E n d o f R o e v W a d e ? N e w la w s th a t th re a te n U S a b o rtio n rig h ts W h e r e d id w e c o m e f r o m ? H o w d id it a ll b e g in ? A n d w h e re d o e s b e lly - b u t to n f lu f f c o m e f ro m ? F in d t h e a n s w e r s in o u r la te s t b o o k . O n s a le n o w . In t ro d u c t io n b y P r o f e s s o r S t e p h e n H a w k in g 2 5 M ay 2 0 19 | N e w S c ie n tis t | 5 N IN E d a y s , th re e e le c tio n s – a n d a c o n fu s in g m ix o f m e s s a g e s a b o u t w h a t c o n s titu te s m e a n in g fu l a c tio n o n c lim a te c h a n g e . S ta rt in A u s tra lia , w h e re th e ru lin g L ib e ra l-N a tio n a l c o a litio n w o n a s u rp ris e re -e le c tio n la s t S a tu rd a y (s e e p a g e 7 ). T h e re s u lt fo llo w e d s u s ta in e d q u e s tio n in g o f th e c o s t, in m o n e y a n d in jo b s , o f th e o p p o s itio n L a b o r p a rty ’s p la n s to n e a rly d o u b le p la n n e d c u ts to c a rb o n e m is s io n s . In In d ia , m e a n w h ile , e x it p o lls a s N e w S c ie n tist w e n t to p re s s s u g g e s t th a t th e w o rld ’s la rg e s t d e m o c ra tic c o n te s t w ill h av e d e liv e re d a n o th e r te rm a s p rim e m in is te r fo r N a re n d ra M o d i. S ig n ific a n tly, fo r th e firs t tim e , th e m a n ife s to s o f b o th M o d i’s B JP p a rty a n d th e o p p o s itio n C o n g re s s p a rty p ro m is e d s ig n ific a n t a c tio n o n e n v iro n m e n ta l is s u e s : e x p a n d in g re n e w a b le s , rev e rs in g d e fo re s ta tio n a n d c le a n in g u p In d ia ’s p o llu te d riv e rs a n d fo u l u rb a n a ir. M o v e to th e E u ro p e a n P a rlia m e n t e le c tio n s b e tw e e n 2 3 a n d 2 6 M a y. T h e s e s e e m lik e ly to d e liv e r b ig g a in s fo r p o p u lis t p a rtie s u s in g c lim a te -c h a n g e d e n ia l a s p a rt o f th e ir a n ti-e s ta b lis h m e n t m e s s a g in g (s e e p a g e 2 3 ), b u t a ls o fo r p ro -e n v iro n m e n t G re e n s . N e w S c ie n tist d o e s n ’t e n d o rs e a n y c a n d id a te o r p a rty. B u t w e d o e n d o rs e a s u s ta in a b le fu tu re fo r th e p la n e t. A n d th is w e e k ’s re s u lts fit a p a tte rn . N a tio n s o n th e u p s u c h a s In d ia a n d C h in a s e e g re e n is s u e s a s c o m p a tib le w ith th e ir d ev e lo p m e n t – in d e e d , a d v a n ta g e o u s fo r it. M e a n w h ile , g re y in g W e s te rn e c o n o m ie s a re s tu c k in th e m u d , p o la ris in g in to p ro a n d a n ti c a m p s . T h e W e s t s h o u ld ta k e h e e d . D e a lin g w ith c lim a te c h a n g e c o m e s w ith a c o s t, th a t is c le a r. B u t n o t m a k in g th e n e c e s s a ry a d ju s tm e n ts to o u r life s ty le s c o m e s a t a n ev e n b ig g e r c o s t. N o w h e re is th a t c le a re r th a n in A u s tra lia , w ith its re c e n t re c o rd o f e x tre m e w e a th e r. T h e c o g n itiv e b ia s o f h y p e rb o lic d is c o u n tin g , w h ic h m a k e s u s fav o u r a s m a lle r re w a rd s o o n e r o v e r a b ig g e r o n e la te r, is w e ll k n o w n . P a n d e rin g to it m a y b rin g s h o rt-te rm b e n e fits – b u t lo n g e r te rm , n o o n e g a in s . ❚ B lin d to th e tr u th E le c tio n re su lts sh o w m a n y p o litic ia n s a re still in d e n ia l o n c lim a te c h a n g e T h e le a d e r P e o p le in 3 0 c o u n t r ie s h a v e b e e n g o in g to th e b a llo t b o x A N T H O N Y B R A D S H A W / G E T T Y E D IT O R IA L E x e c u tiv e c h a ir m a n B e rn a rd G ray C h ie f e x e c u tiv e N in a W rig h t F in a n c e d ire c to r Je n n i P rin c e C h ie f te c h n o lo g y o ffic e r C h ris C o rd e ro y M a rk e tin g d ire c to r Jo A d a m s H u m a n re s o u rc e s S h irley S p e n c e r N o n -e x e c u tiv e d ire c to r L o u ise R o g e rs H R c o -o rd in a to r S e re n a R o b in so n F a c ilitie s m a n a g e r R ic c i W e lc h E x e c u tiv e a s s is ta n ts S a ra h G a u ld , L o rra in e L o d g e R e c e p tio n is t A lic e C a tlin g M A N A G E M E N T C O N TA C T U S n e w s c ie n tis t.c o m /c o n ta c t G e n e ra l B O T T O M : R E X / S H U T T E R S T O C K T h e te st is d iffe re n t to th e p o ly g ra p h b e c a u s e a ll th e o p tio n s a re p a r t o f th e s a m e o v e ra ll q u e stio n . A n d if a p e rs o n s ay s th e y h av e n o k n o w le d g e o f th e c rim e , b u t th e te st in d ic a te s th e y d o , y o u c a n in fe r th e y a re p ro b a b ly ly in g . It h a s b e e n u s e d fo r y e a rs b y p o lic e in Ja p a n to h e lp d ire c t e n q u irie s in th e e a rly sta g e s o f in v e stig a tio n s . A lth o u g h th e C IT re sts o n s o lid fo u n d a tio n s , it is n ’t a p e r fe c t m e m o ry d e te c to r. A 2 0 14 m e ta - a n a ly s is o f a b o u t 10 0 stu d ie s o f C ITs d id u n c o v e r a s ig n ific a n t sta tistic a l d iffe re n c e b e tw e e n th e re s u lts o f p e o p le w ith g u ilty k n o w le d g e a n d w ith o u t it. Ye t, a t b e st, a p e rs o n w h o d o e s h av e s u c h a m e m o ry w o u ld b e a b o u t 9 0 p e r c e n t m o re lik e ly to g e t a h ig h e r s k in c o n d u c ta n c e re a d in g th a n s o m e o n e w h o d o e s n ’t. T h a t m ig h t s o u n d h ig h , b u t a te st w ith th a t s u c c e s s ra te is lik e ly to p ro d u c e fa ls e n e g a tiv e s : re s u lts s u g g e stin g th a t p e o p le d o n ’t h av e k n o w le d g e w h e n th e y a c tu a lly d o . L in d a G e v e n , a le g a l p sy c h o lo g ist a t th e U n iv e rs ity o f A m ste rd a m in th e N e th e rla n d s s ay s th is s h o w s w h y th e C IT s h o u ld n ’t b e re lie d o n in c o u r t a s th e s o le p ro o f o f g u ilt. “ Yo u w o u ld u s e it m o re in th e in v e stig a tio n sta g e ,” s h e s ay s . “ F o r e x a m p le , to w o rk o u t if th e p o lic e s h o u ld lo o k a t o n e s u s p e c t m o re c lo s e ly th a n th e o th e rs .” E v e n th e n , w h a t C IT d o e s d e te c t m ay n o t a lw ay s b e a re le v a n t “ m e m o ry tra c e ”, a s G e v e n c a lls th e m . F o r e x a m p le , in te rv ie w e e s m ig h t re c o g n is e a s u s p e c t fro m n e w s re p o r ts , e v e n w h e n th e y d o n ’t re a lly k n o w th e m . S h e is re s e a rc h in g w h e th e r a s k in g m o re s p e c ific q u e stio n s c o u ld g e t a ro u n d th is . M o re re c e n tly, it h a s e m e rg e d th a t th e C IT m ay re v e a l n o t ju st w h e th e r p e o p le h av e a m e m o ry W o rk in g h y p o th e s is S o rtin g th e w e e k ’s s u p e rn o v a e fro m th e a b s o lu te z e ro s L ie d e te c to r s (a b o v e ), w h ic h t r a c k p u ls e , b lo o d p r e s s u r e a n d b r e a th in g , w e r e o f te n u s e d o n T h e Je r e m y K y le S h o w (b e lo w ) I T V T H E U K ’s m o st se n io r m ilita ry o ffice r re ce n tly se t o u t th e d a n g e rs e m e rg in g in th e 2 1 st ce n tu ry. “ T h e th re a ts to o u r n a tio n a re d iv e rsify in g , p ro life ra tin g a n d in te n sify in g ra p id ly,” sa id G e n e ra l N ick C a rte r, th e C h ie f o f D e fe n ce S ta ff. “ T h e ch a ra cte r o f p o litics a n d w a rfa re is e vo lv in g ra p id ly, d riv e n b y th e p e rv a siv e n e ss o f in fo rm a tio n a n d th e ra te o f te ch n o lo g ica l ch a n g e .” T h e se ch a n g in g te ch n o lo g ie s in clu d e a rtificia l in te llig e n ce (A I), ro b o tics, n e w m a te ria ls a n d in fo rm a tio n te ch n o lo g ie s. T h e se so p h istica te d a d v a n ce s h a v e im p ro v e d liv e s b u t th e y a re a lso o p e n to e x p lo ita tio n . T h e m o re w e d e p e n d o n th e m , th e m o re v u ln e ra b le w e b e co m e . T h a t h a s b ig im p lica tio n s fo r o u r d e fe n ce . “O u r co m p e tito rs h a v e b e co m e m a ste rs a t e x p lo itin g th e se a m s b e tw e e n p e a ce a n d w a r,” sa id C a rte r. In fo rm a tio n te ch n o lo g ie s a re a p a rticu la r th re a t. C y b e ra tta cks re su lt in lo sse s o f o v e r $ 4 0 0 b illio n to th e g lo b a l e co n o m y e v e ry y e a r. T h e U S g o v e rn m e n t h a s w a rn e d th a t p h y sica l in fra stru ctu re su ch a s p o w e r g rid s a n d tra n sp o rt sy ste m s a re a s e x p o se d a s o n lin e sy ste m s to su ch a ctio n s. E a rlie r th is m o n th N e w S cie n tist, in a sso cia tio n w ith B A E S y ste m s, h e ld a te le v ise d d e b a te w ith a p a n e l o f e x p e rts in fro n t o f a h a n d -p ick e d stu d io a u d ie n ce to d iscu ss th e se im p o rta n t issu e s a n d th e th re a ts th a t n e w te ch n o lo g ie s p o se to o u r w a y o f life – a n d h o w w e m ig