ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄ ᠪᠠᠲᠦᠮᠦ ᠢᠡᠭᠬᠡ ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠳᠤᠬᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠴᠢᠶ ᠡᠯᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠲ ᠦᠮᠦ᠋ᠡᠭᠬᠡ ︵195 1 20 17︶ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰ᠊ ᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨ᠊ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰ᠊ ᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢ ᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲ᠊ ᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷ ᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠ ᠡᠪᠡᠳ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠵ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡ ᠬ᠋᠊ ᠪᠤ ᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ︽ᠦᠳᠡ ᠰᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠨ᠊︾ ᠦᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠨᠢ ︵ᠬ᠊ ᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠯᠤᠳᠤᠨ︶ ᠨᠢ

ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠳᠣᠯ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵ᠳᠡᠬᠡᠳᠤ ᠳ᠋᠊ ᠡᠪᠳᠠ ᠷ᠊︶ ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠯᠳᠠ 1᠂ ᠰᠢᠳᠢᠳᠤ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲ᠊ ᠦᠷᠥᠯᠬᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶ ᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡ ᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷ ᠡ ᠨ᠊ ᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠰ ᠤ ᠨ᠊ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠷᠳᠢᠨᠴᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠦᠵ ᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠠᠭ ᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠥᠰᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠦᠩ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃

ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄ ᠥᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠥᠳᠥᠴᠡ ᠥᠭᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠢᠮᠠᠭ ﹇ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠩᠭᠦᠢ ﹈

ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄ ᠮᠣᠣ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠨ,ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯ,ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯᠯᠡᠭᠡ,ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ 1᠂ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ 2᠂ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠃ 3᠂ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡᠰᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠃,ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ 1941 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠳᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠳᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ

ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄ ᠮᠣᠣ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠨ,ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯ,ᠨᠢᠬᠡᠳᠤᠬᠡᠷ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯᠯᠡᠭᠡ,ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠰᠤ︱ ᠨᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠵᠤᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠤᠭ ᠮᠣᠳᠤ᠃ ᠵᠤᠤᠪᠠᠩ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠮᠤᠤᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠴᠤᠪᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠤᠨᠵᠢᠭᠢᠷ ᠳᠤᠭᠤᠢᠪᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠤᠭ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ᠃,ᠮᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯ︱ 1᠂ ᠢᠷᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠰᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭᠯᠡᠯ᠂ 2᠂ ᠮᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠥᠭᠡ᠃,ᠮᠤᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠨ︱ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤ᠋ᠨ

ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄ ᠬᠦ ᠬᠡ ᠨ᠊ ᠠ ᠬ᠊ ᠤ ᠷ᠊ ᠲ᠊ ᠦ ᠪᠡ ᠳ᠋᠊ ᠦ ᠨ᠊ ᠦ ᠨ᠊ ᠳ᠋᠊ ᠦ ᠷ᠊ ᠯ᠊ ᠢ ᠬ᠊ ᠲ᠊ ᠡ ᠭᠡ ᠷ᠊ ᠡ ᠬᠢ ᠤ ᠷ᠊ ᠡ ᠨ᠊ ᠵ᠊ ᠣ ᠬᠢ ᠶ᠊ ᠠ ᠯ᠊ ᠤ ᠨ᠊ ᠬ᠊ ᠣ ᠣ ᠰ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ᠠ ᠷ᠊ ᠠ ᠶ᠊ ᠢ ᠨ᠊ ᠰ᠊ ᠡ ᠳ᠋᠊ ᠬᠦ ᠯ᠊ ● ᠾ᠊ ᠦ ᠩ᠊ ᠮ᠊ ᠧ ᠢ ᠰ᠊ ᠤ ᠷ᠊ ᠤ ᠬ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ᠢ ᠳ᠋᠊ ᠰ᠊ ᠤ ᠷ᠊ ᠤ ᠬ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ᠢ ᠳ᠋᠊ ᠰ᠊ ᠤ ᠷ᠊ ᠤ ᠬ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ᠢ ᠳ᠋᠊ ᠰ᠊ ᠤ ᠷ᠊ ᠤ ᠬ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ᠢ ᠳ᠋᠊ ᠰ᠊ ᠤ ᠷ᠊ ᠤ ᠬ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ᠢ ᠳ᠋᠊ ᠰ᠊ ᠤ ᠷ᠊ ᠤ ᠬ᠊ ᠴ᠊ ᠢ ᠳ᠋᠊ ᠰ᠊

ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄ ★                           2 0 1 8                                                                                    1\s                               

ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄ ᠳᠣᠯᠣᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ︽ᠣᠷᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠭᠤᠬᠠᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠪ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠲᠦᠷᠤᠯ᠄ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠨ᠄ ᠲᠣᠯᠣᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠨ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠭ᠄ ᠣᠷᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠭᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ᠄ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠦᠰᠣᠪᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ᠄ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠄ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠄ ◆ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯ

ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄ 1 ︽︾ ︽︾ 2 3 ︵18981948︶ 1898 1903 ︽︾ 1916 1923 ︽︾ 1929 ︽︾ 1925 1928 ︽︾ 1931 1932 1937 1948 8 ︽︾ ︽︾ 1︕ 2 3︖ 4 5︖ 6︖ 1 | A 2 B C ① ② ③ 3 ① ② ③ ④ 4 ① ② ③ ④ 5 6 A B 1︖ 2︕ 3 | ︵︶ | |

ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠨ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ ﹇ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠩᠭᠦᠢ ﹈

ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ — — ᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ﹇ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠩᠭᠦᠢ ﹈

ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄ ᠵᠠᠮᠤᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ﹇ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠩᠭᠦᠢ ﹈

ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ , ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠤᠰᠤ , ᠽ᠊᠂ ᠤᠳᠪᠠᠭᠮᠢᠳ , ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠯ ᠬᠤᠨᠢᠨ , ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ , ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠩᠳᠤ ,,,,,,, ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠵᠢ , ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠬᠡ , ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠦ , ᠳᠠᠯᠦ , ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠳᠦ , ᠪᠤᠭᠳᠤᠰ , ᠭᠤᠶ᠎ᠠ , ᠬᠠ ,,, ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠ\sᠳᠡᠮᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ , ᠮᠦᠬᠡᠷᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠰᠢᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭ , ᠤᠶᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠤᠳᠤᠨ ᠱᠤᠷᠤ᠃ , ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠯ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠠ

ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠬᠦᠨ ᠴᠤᠤᠳᠦ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ︖ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ,, ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ , ︵1162416\s1227818︶ ,, ᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠶ᠎ᠠ︕ ᠳᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠵᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠵᠦᠷ ᠳᠤᠭᠯᠠᠶ᠎ᠠ᠄ , ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ , ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡ , ᠤᠨ , ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠦ\s, ᠵᠦᠴᠢ , ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠢ , ᠦᠬᠡᠳᠡᠢ , ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠢ , ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠨᠤᠬᠠᠢ\s, ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠠᠢ , ᠵᠡᠯᠮ᠎ᠠ , ᠵᠠᠪᠠ , ᠰᠦᠪᠡᠭᠡᠳᠡᠢ , ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠯᠦᠭ\s

ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠴᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯ\s ,1᠂ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ\s , ᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠯᠴᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠤᠬᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠵᠦ , ᠠᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ , ᠵᠦ ᠽᠢ ᠴᠢᠩ , ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠢᠯᠠ︕ , ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠ︕ ᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ︖ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ︽ᠠᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ︾ ᠪᠠᠷ 4᠂ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠢᠯᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠷᠢᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡ