选修3.2 ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠢ .pptx

ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠢ,ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨᠳᠡᠬᠦᠰ,ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ 1.ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ᠂ ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯᠭᠡ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ 2.ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠩ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ 3.ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠤᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ 4.ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠯᠠᠯ ᠮᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠵᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠤᠯᠳᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭᠳᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠦᠯᠤᠯ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨᠳᠡᠰᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠮᠢᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠤᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃,ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨᠳᠡᠬᠦᠰ— ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠳᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠢ᠃ 1948ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠪᠤᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠰᠤᠳᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠦᠪᠡ᠃ 1984ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠪᠤᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ᠂ 1986 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠰᠴᠦ᠂ ᠨᠣᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ︽ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠢ︾ ᠷᠤᠮᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ︽ ᠰᠤᠯᠤᠩᠭ᠎ᠠ︾ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢᠳᠦ ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠳᠤᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ᠄ ︽ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠰᠢᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ︾ ︽ ᠭᠣᠪᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠰᠦ︾ ︽ ᠭᠠᠩᠭᠠᠩ ᠬᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ︾ ︽ ᠰᠡᠷᠪᠡᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ᠃,ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨᠳᠡᠬᠦᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠳ,︽ ᠲᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠷᠤᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠷᠤᠮᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨᠳᠡᠬᠦᠰ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠢ1986-1987 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ᠂ 1988 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠷᠤᠮᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ19 ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠦᠯᠴᠢ20 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠦ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂70 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠲᠡᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠹᠸᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠹᠸᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠢᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠳᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠳᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠤᠢᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠡᠮ ᠰᠣᠭᠤᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠢᠬᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠯᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠰᠦᠷᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠹᠸᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠳᠦᠷᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠩᠭᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ 1919 ᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠠᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠮᠠᠨᠢ ᠹᠸᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠬᠢᠰ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠴᠡᠵᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠡᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠡᠶᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠰᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠭᠡ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠂ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠩᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠰᠤᠳᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠷᠤᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠦᠨ︵1.5︶ ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠤᠩᠭᠤᠵᠠᠢ᠃,ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠤᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠪᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠤᠭᠤᠴᠢᠬᠤ ᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠡᠮᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ᠂ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠦ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠨᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠭᠦᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃,ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠴᠠ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ᠃ ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠡ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠨᠠᠯᠠᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ᠃ ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠵᠠᠶᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠷᠭᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠬᠢᠰ ᠭᠠᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠳᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠶᠤᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠳᠤᠷᠤᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠷᠦ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ ᠰᠦᠰᠦ ᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠮᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠦᠯᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠶᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ᠃ ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠰᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤᠳᠤ ᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ︵ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ︶ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠮᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ︵ ᠦᠷᠦᠨᠡᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠦ ︶ ᠲᠤᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ︵ ᠬᠠᠯᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ︶ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠮᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠰ︵ ᠬᠢᠳᠡᠳ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ︶ ᠲᠤᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠤᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠮᠤᠳᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠤᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠮᠤᠳᠦ ︽ᠤᠨᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠪᠠᠯ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ᠂ ᠪᠤᠰᠪᠠᠯ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ︾᠃,,,,,ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠭᠠᠨᠠᠢᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ— ᠱᠣᠩ— ᠡᠭᠡᠳᠡᠨ— ᠭᠣᠪᠢᠯ— ᠲᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯᠲᠡᠨ— ᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦᠯ— ᠯᠠᠢᠳᠠᠨ— ᠪᠤᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ— ᠭᠤᠷᠭᠤᠢᠳᠠᠨ— ᠠᠭᠠᠭ— ᠵᠢᠬᠦᠷᠯᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ— ᠶᠠᠷᠪᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ— ᠵᠤᠯᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ— ᠭᠦᠩᠭᠠᠷᠠᠪᠠ— ᠰᠢᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷ— ᠭᠤᠳᠤᠩ— ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠷᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ—,ᠭᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢ ᠠᠰᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠨᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠭᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠳᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ᠃ ʃɔŋ①ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠦ ᠮᠤᠲᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠴᠣᠩᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠰᠢᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠮᠤᠳᠦ᠃② ᠨᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠱᠤᠭᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ᠃ ə:tən ᠦᠵᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠃ gɔwɔlᠨᠠᠷᠢᠪᠳᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠭᠤᠷ᠃ taʃa:ldanᠬᠡᠯᠳᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠬᠤ᠂ ᠲᠠᠰᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠃ ①ᠬᠥᠯ ᠦᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡᠳᠬᠦ᠃② ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠵᠤᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ᠃ ᠯᠠᠢ ᠨᠤᠪᠰᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠃ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠷᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠨᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ᠃ gʊrgʊidan ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠃ ①ᠢᠳᠡ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠰᠦᠷ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠳᠠᠢ ᠠᠮᠳᠠ᠃② ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠥᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ᠃ ~ ᠵᠤᠭᠤᠭ ①ᠵᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠬᠤ ② ᠢᠵᠢᠯᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ᠃ ᠶᠠᠷᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠭ᠂ ᠶᠠᠷᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠵᠠᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠃ gugәrwa:ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠢᠷᠴᠠᠭ᠃ Ʃaʤa:rᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠠᠪᠢ᠃ gɔdɔgᠦᠵᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ᠃ tʊ ᠲᠤᠩᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠠᠪᠠᠳᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ᠃,ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠮᠦᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ— ᠮᠦᠷ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ — ᠬᠥᠯ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠬᠤ — ᠴᠢᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠬᠤ — ᠠᠮᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠯᠡᠪᠡ — ᠬᠤᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ — ᠪᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ — ᠴᠢᠷᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠰᠠᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ — ᠰᠢᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠵᠤ — ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠨᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ — ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ — ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠯᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠡ ︵ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠪᠠᠴᠦ ᠳᠠᠯᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠡ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠪᠠᠴᠦ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠡ︶ — ᠦᠵᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠭᠤᠮᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ — ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠨᠵᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠴᠢᠬᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ — ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠳᠤᠪᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ —,ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠳᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠃ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ᠃ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠨᠤᠰᠬᠤ᠃ ①ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠰᠠᠬᠢᠬᠤ② ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠬᠤ③ ᠬᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠠᠰᠢ ᠬᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠭᠡᠬᠦ᠃ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠴᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠳᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠃ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠃ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠴᠢᠷᠠᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠃ ①ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠬᠤ② ᠵᠠᠨᠤᠬᠤ᠃ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠬᠦ᠃ ᠲᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠪᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠴᠦ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠷᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠃ ᠤᠷᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠦᠯᠳᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ᠃ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠨᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠯᠡ ᠬᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠭᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠬᠤ᠃,ᠭᠣᠴᠤ ᠵᠦᠢᠷᠯᠠᠯ᠂ ᠰᠤᠩᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠰᠤᠨᠢᠷᠬᠠᠶ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠣᠪᠢ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠢ᠂  ᠡᠪᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠷᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠦᠳ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠭᠤᠳ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠪᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠴᠠᠭ᠂  ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠯᠡ ᠠᠶᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠂  ᠴᠤᠪᠤᠵᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠰᠤᠪᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠣᠷᠸ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ᠂  ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠤᠨᠢᠷᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳᠮᠠᠭᠠᠢ᠂ ᠦᠴᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠦ ᠲᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠵᠢᠯᠣᠭᠤ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠦ ᠵᠤᠪᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ᠃  ᠦᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃  ᠱᠣᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠢᠳᠳᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠤᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠷᠢ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠦᠦᠷᠰᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ᠁  ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠷᠠᠢ᠃  ᠪᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠳᠠ ᠵᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠮᠣᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠵᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠴᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃  ᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠠᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠡᠨᠡᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠡᠮᠨᠢᠭ ᠮᠣᠷᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ᠃  ᠠᠶᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠰᠡᠦ᠃  ᠰᠠᠷᠢᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠴᠤᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠭ᠋᠂  ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠭᠵᠢᠷᠡᠨ ᠦᠯᠢᠪᠡᠯᠵᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ  ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ᠂  ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ ᠶᠢᠰᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠱᠠᠯᠳᠠᠩ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠢᠭ᠋᠂  ᠡᠵᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂,ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠳᠠᠯᠠᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠡᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦᠯᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠯᠡ᠃ 1. ᠠᠶᠤᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠢᠪᠠᠯ ᠦᠬᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠢᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠴᠢᠬᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠢᠵᠢᠯᠢᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠢᠷᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠰᠠᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠢ ᠰᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 2. ᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠬᠦᠦ᠂ ᠮᠦᠷᠦ ᠳᠠᠯᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠴᠢᠨ︽ ᠠᠶᠤᠤᠷ ᠮᠢᠨᠢ︕ ᠠᠶᠤᠤᠷ ᠮᠢᠨᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠭ᠋ ᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠪᠡᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠤᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠯᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠯᠠᠯᠵᠠᠨ ᠴᠤᠪᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠶᠤᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠦ ᠳᠠᠯᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠬᠦᠤ᠂ ᠡᠩᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠯᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠃ 3.ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠳᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠩᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤᠨᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠯᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠣᠪᠢ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠢᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠢᠳᠬᠠᠷᠯᠠᠨ᠂ ᠦᠦᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠤᠨᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠵᠡ᠂ ᠨᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠴᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠵᠤ ᠭᠠᠩᠰᠠᠷᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ 4.ᠲᠤᠮᠤ ᠲᠤᠮᠤ ᠵᠤᠭᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠨᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠯᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠴᠣ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠤᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠩᠫᠢ ᠡᠭᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠲᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠦ ᠦᠷᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠷ ᠬᠢᠯᠠᠯᠵᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠶᠤᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠯ᠎ᠠ᠃ 5.ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠯᠢᠳᠴᠦ ᠰᠤᠨᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠵᠠᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠦ ᠢᠴᠢᠩᠭᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠴᠢᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳᠮᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠢᠴᠢᠩᠭᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠪᠤᠷᠯᠠᠴᠢᠬᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠳᠤᠲᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠵᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠩᠭᠤᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃,ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ,ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ,ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ,ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ,ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ,ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡ᠃ ᠠᠶᠤᠤᠷ — ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠨᠵᠢᠩ— ᠳ᠋ᠠᠯᠬ᠎ᠠ— ᠳᠡᠯᠢᠭ— ᠽᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨ— ᠤᠳᠪᠠᠯᠠ—,ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠯᠠᠯ ᠮᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠵᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠤᠯᠳᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠰᠦᠰᠦ ᠂ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠦᠯᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ᠃ ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ ᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠢᠨᠠᠭ ᠬᠠᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨᠴᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠠᠰᠪᠤᠷ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠪᠤᠷ᠂ ᠢᠴᠢᠵᠤ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃,ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠢᠷᠠᠳᠠᠢ᠂ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠯᠡᠮᠵᠢ᠃ ᠬᠤᠯᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃,ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠮᠦᠯᠵᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠳ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠡᠷᠴᠡᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠠᠶᠤᠮᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠵᠢᠰᠦᠷ ᠵᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠢ᠃,ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ᠃ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠮᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠦᠵᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠴᠠᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠪᠤᠷ᠂ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃,ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ᠃ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠮᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠦᠵᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠴᠠᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠪᠤᠷ᠂ ᠦᠷᠦ ᠵᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠢᠷᠠᠳᠠᠢ ᠃,ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠳ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ᠃ ᠨᠤᠮᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠦ ᠵᠤᠷᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠠᠶᠤᠤᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠬᠠᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃,ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠰᠤᠩᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ ᠢ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠤᠢᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠃ 1.ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ᠄ A.ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠠᠮᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ᠃ B.︽ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠤᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠵᠢᠮ᠎ᠡ᠃ C.ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠂ ᠴᠢᠳᠬᠦᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ D.ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠦ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠮᠥᠰᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠢᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ 2.ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠨᠢ᠄ A.ᠠᠶᠤᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠯ ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠴᠡᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ B.ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠶᠤᠤᠷ᠂ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠨᠵᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ C.ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠶᠤᠤᠷ᠂ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠨᠵᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ D.ᠭᠤᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠠᠶᠤᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠴᠡᠯᠳᠦ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠮᠥᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃,ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠡᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦᠯᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯ᠃ ᠵᠤᠪᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠳ ᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠵᠤᠳ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠨᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠴᠢᠷᠠᠢ᠃ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠭ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠰᠡᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠵᠠᠭᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠰᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨᠡᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠠᠯᠵᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠳᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠁ ᠷᠠᠰᠢ᠂ ᠠᠪᠴᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠤᠬᠤᠷ ᠭᠠᠤᠯᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠤᠳᠬᠤᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠯ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠶᠠ ᠰᠢᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠵᠤ ᠤᠳᠬᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠷᠠᠰᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠳᠤᠩ ᠰᠢᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠵᠠᠩ ᠰᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠡᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠮᠣᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠦᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠬᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠷᠠᠪᠵᠢᠷ᠂ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠦᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠯᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠᠢ᠂ ᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠫᠤᠤ ᠮᠦᠷᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠷᠤ ᠬᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠭᠤᠯᠡ ᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠦᠮ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠢᠯᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠷᠠᠰᠢ ᠠᠮᠠᠨᠴᠢᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠ᠂ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠳᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠠᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠣᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠨᠢᠴᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠳ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡ ᠰᠢᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡᠷᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠵᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢᠬᠦᠤ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠪᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠠ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠢᠨᠢ ᠦᠪᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠯᠡ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠠᠭ᠍ᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠪᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠩᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠵᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠶ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠭᠦᠵᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠤᠨᠢᠭ ᠬᠢᠯᠢᠰ ᠡᠪᠤᠷᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠬᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠥ᠋ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠴᠢᠬᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠲᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠯᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠦᠷᠦᠰᠢᠶᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠳ ᠪᠣᠢ︖ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠮᠢᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠬᠦᠯᠵᠤ ᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠢᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠴᠢᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠪᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠣᠭᠤᠴᠢᠬᠤ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠰᠡᠪ ᠯᠡ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠢᠯᠢ ᠭᠠᠢᠯᠢ ᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠮᠢᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠢᠯᠢᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠵᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠣᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠰᠤᠬᠤᠷ ᠰᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠪᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠪ ᠳ᠋ᠠ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠤᠮᠤᠭᠯᠠᠩ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ —ᠬᠢᠷᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠷ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ︕ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠭᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠷᠠᠪᠵᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠰᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠃ —ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠵᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠤᠲᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠢᠷ ᠰᠤᠮᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠤᠭᠰᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡ︕,ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠬᠤ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠ 1.ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠡᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯ᠃ 2.ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯ᠃ 3.ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ︽ ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ︾ ᠪᠠ︽ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠢᠴᠢ︾ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠳᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠤᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠢ᠃,ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠨ᠄ ᠭᠠᠩ ᠭᠠᠴᠢᠭ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠠᠨ ᠦ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠴᠦ ᠬᠣᠮᠰᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠨᠡᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠨ᠄ ᠭᠦᠩ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠳ᠂ ᠰᠦᠮ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠠᠢᠯᠢ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ᠃,ᠷᠠᠰᠢ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ᠄ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠠᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠴᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠭᠦᠢ ᠮᠠᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ᠃ ᠠᠮᠠᠨᠴᠢᠷ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠦᠰᠦ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠳᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ,ᠭᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠷᠠᠪᠵᠢᠷ᠄ ᠭᠦᠩ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ᠂ ᠰᠦᠮ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠥᠯ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠬᠢᠰ᠂ ᠦᠷᠦᠪᠴᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃,